12
Figure 1.1 Determinants of anaemia
Adapted from USAID. Conceptual Frameworks.
Multisectoral Anemia Partners Meeting, hosted by the USAID Anemia Task Force held on 18 October 2013. Washington DC, USA.
https:www.spring- nutrition.orgsitesdefaultfileseventsmultisectoral_anemia_meeting_diagrams
.
pdf
Iron deficien
cy
Inadequate access or
intake of nutrient-
rich diets Inadequate
maternal child care
practices Poor supply or
demand of curative preventive
health services Excess blood loss
High number inadequate
spacing of births: Unsafe
water, poor hygiene and
sanitation
Socio-cultural and economic conditions and policies, basic healthcare infrastructure, inequitable distribution of services, inadequate local evidence on etiology
Other micro
nutrien t
deficien cies
Malaria, helminths
causing increased
blood loss
Inflammation due
to multiple causes including
malaria,
helminths, chronic
infections; tuberculosis, HIV, and
caused by other toxins
Genetic disorders;
hemoglob inopathie
s, G6PD deficiency
Immediate causes
Intermediate causes
Basic causes
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1.2 Regional anaemia prevalence data
Estimates of the prevalence of anaemia across countries is provided in Table 1.
1
Country data from different national surveys is given in Annex 1.
Table 1.1 Anaemia prevalence Public Health Significance in countries of SEAR- National estimates for 2011
Children aged 6 –59 months
Women 15 –49 years - Non-pregnant
Women 15 –49 years - Pregnant
Country Anaemic
children
b
and mean Hb
95 CI
Severely anaemic
c
Public Health
Significanc e
Anaemic non- pregnant
d
mean Hb 95 CI
Severely anaemic
e
Public Health Significance
Anaemic pregnant
18
mean Hb 95 CI Severely
anaemic
19
Public Health
Significanc e
Banglades h
56 107102-112
1.1
Severe
43 122 119
– 124 0.7
Severe
48 110 107 - 113
0.5
Severe Bhutan
55 107 107 -119
2.3 Severe
44 121 112- 129
2.2 Severe
46 110 104
– 118 1.2
Severe DPR Korea
34 114105-122
0.5 Moderate
25 127121- 133
0.6 Moderate
27 118 111
– 124 0.4
Moderate India
59 106 101-112
1.8 Severe
48 119 113- 125
2.5 Severe
54 108 104- 113
1.3 Severe
Indonesia 32
114 111 to 119 0.3
Moderate 22
128 123- 131 0.6
Moderate 30
117 109 – 123
0.5 Moderate
Maldives 30
115 107 to 122 0.4
Moderate 37
124 119 – 128
0.6 Moderate
39 113 105
– 119 0.6
Moderate Myanmar
40 112 104 to 120
0.7 Severe
30 125 118- 132
1.0 Moderate
33 115 108
– 122 0.7
Moderate Nepal
51 109103 to 114
0.9
Severe
36 125 122
– 127 0.8
Moderate
36 111 108
– 115 0.6
Severe Sri Lanka
36 113 107 to 120
0.2 Moderate
26 127 120
– 132 0.7
Moderate 25
118 112 – 124
0.4 Moderate
Thailand
29 116 107 to 123
0.5
Moderate
24 127 115
– 132 0.9
Moderate
30 117 104
– 126 0.6
Moderate Timor
Leste 45
111 107 to 115 0.2
Severe 22
128 124- 132 0.7
Moderate 24
119 115 – 123
0.6 Moderate
b
Percentage with blood haemoglobin concentration 110 gL for children 6-59 months and pregnant women
c
Percentage with blood haemoglobin concentration 70 gL for children 6-59 months and pregnant women
d
Percentage of non-pregnant women with blood haemoglobin concentration 120 gL
e
Percentage of non-pregnant women with blood haemoglobin concentration 80 gL WHO classifies countries by degree of public health significance of the problem, based on blood haemoglobin concentration:
5 = no public health problem; 5 –19.9 = mild public health problem; 20–39.9 = moderate public health problem maroon
in the Table ; ≥ = se e e pu li health p o le red in the table. WHO. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993–2005:
WHO global database on anaemia. WHO, Geneva, 2008. De Benoist B, McLean E, Egli I, Cogswell M, editors.
14
2. KEY CONSIDERATIONS AND DISCUSSION POINTS LEADING TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS
