Leading Characters’ Ambition In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein

LEADING CHARACTERS’ AMBITION IN MARY SHELLEY’S FRANKENSTEIN

A THESIS BY

SRI YUNITA

REG. NO. 090705004

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2013

LEADING CHARACTERS’ AMBITION IN MARY SHELLEY’S FRANKENSTEIN

A THESIS BY

SRI YUNITA

REG. NO. 090705004

SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR

Dra. Redita Lubis, Dip.Appl.Ling.M.Hum Mahmud Arief Albar, S.S. MA

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2013

Approved by the Departement of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for the Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head, Secretary,

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum NIP. 195411171980031002 NIP. 195904191981022001

Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on Thursday, 15th August 2013.

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001

Board of Examiners

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS ... Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum ... Dra. Redita Lubis, Dip.Appl.Ling.M.Hum ... Dr. Thyrhaya Zein, MA ... Mahmud Arief Albar, S.S. MA ………..

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I SRI YUNITA DECLARES THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHORS OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCES IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THE THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed :

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : SRI YUNITA

TITLE OF THESIS : LEADING CHARACTERS’ AMBITION IN MARY SHELLEY’S FRANKENSTEIN

QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCREATION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATRA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

Signed :

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Assalamualaikum Warrahmatullahi Wabarrakatuh.

First of all I would like to give my biggest gratitude to almighty ALLAH Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala for blessings and endowments in my life. Especially during the process of finishing this thesis. Nothing is possible happen without his permission, Alhamdulillah I can finish this thesis. And I always say Shalawat and Salam the revolutionary prophet, Rasulullah Muhammad SAW.

I would like to say thank you to the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies Dr. H. SYAHRON LUBIS, M.A and the head of English Department Drs. MUHIZAR MUCHTAR, M.S the secretary of English Department Dr. Dra. NURLELA, M.HUM for their advice and support during the process of finishing this thesis. I would like to say thank you very much to my supervisor Dra. Redita Lubis, Dip.Appl.Ling.M.Hum and Mahmud Arief Albar, S.S. MA as my co-supervisor who both encouraged and supported me in the process, who has spent so much time and attention to lead me finishes this thesis. Giving advice and correction to complete this thesis. I am so thankfully the lecturer wisely during this process. Thank you for everything.

I would like to say thank you to my father Suparnoto thanks for being my hero, my mentor, my best friends, and my inspiration. I would like to say thank you to my beautiful mother Misinem thank you for everything, love, caring, honest, and thank you for your support mommy. I also thanks to my brother Sri Muliono, Jumalik, and Miswanto, S.S, S.Pd for their support and motivation.

Thanks for my girls, my best friends Nurhasanah, S.S, Siti Lestari Nainggolan, S.S, Winda Widya Siregar, S.S, Sinta Puspita Sari, and Viki Aprilita for the smile, laugh, tears and for your support, for the amazing years, and thank you so much we share everything and we can do it. I wish our friendship is an endless thing. Thank you for my classmate in English Department 2009, which I can’t mentioned one by one. We share this amazing four years together, I will miss you so much guys. And I present special thanks for my lovely Hendri Syahputra for his motivation, support, love, caring, and his smile to give me a big spirit to finish this thesis.

Last but not least, I want to say sorry if there are bad things I have done, best words I have said, it happens just because I am not perfect, God is perfect. Don’t judge a book by its cover, don’t judge me just by my performance. I hope this thesis is useful for the next generation of this country. Thanks.

Medan,

The Writer

SRI YUNITA

ABSTRACT

Skripsi ini berjudul Leading Characters’ Ambition In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Di dalam skripsi ini terdapat analisis mengenai ambisi yang terdapat dalam novel Frankenstein yang ditulis oleh Mery Shelley. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan beberapa alasan yang mempengaruhi karakter sehingga begitu berambisi mewujudkan keinginannya dan efek dari kegilaan ambisi tersebut terutama pada dua karakter utama yang membangun keseluruhan cerita dalam novel tersebut.

Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah metode analisis deskriptif yang bertujuan menggambarkan bagaimana sebuah ambisi dapat memberikan teror dan sebuah ciptaan dapat membunuh penciptanya sendiri. Penggambaran ini memuat interpretasi yang kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan data yang ada pada novel.

ABSTRACT

The title of this thesis is Leading Characters’ Ambition In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. In this thesis, there are analysis of ambition which have been written in Mary Shelley’s novel ‘Frankenstein’. This analysis is for explaining some reasons that make the character being so ambitious to make his ambition comes true and effects of ambition itself especially on two characters that build up all the story in the novel.

The method used in this thesis is descriptive method that analyzes and interprets the data on how the ambition can give terror and a creature can kill the creator. This analysis is by using many sources as reference.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... v

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ...vi

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...vii

ABSTRACT ...ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...xi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...1

1.1Background of the Study...1

1.2Problem of the Study...3

1.3The Objective of the Study... 4

1.4The Scope of the Study... 4

1.5The Significance of the Study...5

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE... 6

2.1 Brief Description Of Novel... 6

2.2 Characteristics Of Romanticism...8

2.3 Ambition...12

CHAPTER IIIMETHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH...14

3.1Research Design...14

3.2 DataCollection...15

3.3 DataAnalysis…... 15

CHAPTER IVFINDING AND ANALYSIS...17

4.1 Leading Characters’ Ambition………...17

4.1.1 Frankenstein’s Ambition….……….18

4.1.2 The Monster’s Ambition………..……... 21

CHAPTER VCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION………...32

5.1 Conclusion……...32

5.2 Suggestion...33

REFERENCES ... 34

APPENDICES ...35 i. Author’s Biography and Works

ABSTRACT

Skripsi ini berjudul Leading Characters’ Ambition In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Di dalam skripsi ini terdapat analisis mengenai ambisi yang terdapat dalam novel Frankenstein yang ditulis oleh Mery Shelley. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan beberapa alasan yang mempengaruhi karakter sehingga begitu berambisi mewujudkan keinginannya dan efek dari kegilaan ambisi tersebut terutama pada dua karakter utama yang membangun keseluruhan cerita dalam novel tersebut.

Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah metode analisis deskriptif yang bertujuan menggambarkan bagaimana sebuah ambisi dapat memberikan teror dan sebuah ciptaan dapat membunuh penciptanya sendiri. Penggambaran ini memuat interpretasi yang kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan data yang ada pada novel.

ABSTRACT

The title of this thesis is Leading Characters’ Ambition In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. In this thesis, there are analysis of ambition which have been written in Mary Shelley’s novel ‘Frankenstein’. This analysis is for explaining some reasons that make the character being so ambitious to make his ambition comes true and effects of ambition itself especially on two characters that build up all the story in the novel.

The method used in this thesis is descriptive method that analyzes and interprets the data on how the ambition can give terror and a creature can kill the creator. This analysis is by using many sources as reference.

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of the Study

Literature is identical with the words: the expression of human feeling, imaginative process and creativity (Wellek, 1972:2). Literature is a written work and exists in our society as a communicative means in our ideas of literature to show and give such a greater understanding about this life. Taylor (1981: 1) says that literature, like other parts, is essentially an imaginative act, that is, and act of the writers imaginations is selecting, ordering, and interpreting life-experience’. It means that literature is an interpretation of human’s mind that uses language as medium. It has a large scope and fantastic. In literature, there are three branches of literature such as drama, poetry, and prose. Meanwhile, prose can also be divided into novel, short story, romance, etc.

Novel is one of the literary works that are part of prose. Novel is a fictional prose narrative of considerable length, typically having a plot that is unfolded by the actions, speech, and thoughts of the characters. Novel contains some aspects that reflected based on the human real life. This aspects commonly concern with feeling, emotion, conflicts, problem, etc. the elements that build up novel are plot, characters, theme, setting, point of view, and language style. One of the most important elements of novel is characters. Talking about the characters of a literary work means talking about their quality of mind, behaviors, or personalities.

A character is any person, personal, identity, or entity whose existence originates from a fictional work or performance. A character is a participant in the story, and is usually a person, but may be any persona, identity, or entity whose existence originates from a fictional work or performance.

Leading character is the centered individual very dominant. As an individual, the leading focused personality. Leading character emerged as long side the extraordinary character, a character that might be called prototypical. The prototypical character is not a stereotypical but a fully rounded, three dimensional character.

In this thesis, the writer chooses Mary Shelley’s novel entitled Frankenstein to be analyzed. Mary Shelley was an English novelist, short story writer, dramatist, essayist, biographer, and travel writer, best known for her Gothic novel Frankenstein: or, The Modern Prometheus (1818). She also edited and promoted the works of her husband, the Romantic poet and philosopher Percy Bysshe Shelley. And the Frankenstein is infused with some elements of the Gothic novel and the Romantic movement and is also considered to be one of the earliest examples of science fiction. Brian Aldiss has argued that it should be considered the first true science fiction story, because unlike in previous stories with fantastical elements resembling those of later science fiction, the central character "makes a deliberate decision" and "turns to modern experiments in the laboratory" to achieve fantastic results. It has had a considerable influence across literature and popular culture and spawned a complete genre of horror stories and films.

The writer wants to analyze two leading characters’ ambitions and explain the effect of its ambitions to readers found in that novel. The leading characters in a story is

the character that built up the story which revealed by responds to conflict, by his or her dialogue, and through descriptions that being majority of the plot line and the reader is intended to identify with while reading the story. The leading characters which will be analyzed by the writer are Victor Frankenstein and his creature, the monster.

The novel “Frankenstein” by Mary Shelley tells the story of the leading character named Victor Frankenstein who is described as an ambitious man and a scientist that really wants to create a man. However, his creation failed and turned into a monster. The monster can be considered as the leading character too because they two, Victor Frankenstein and the monster, are the main character who lead the whole story of the novel. Victor Frankenstein is always interested about the facts and wants to know everything in the universe.

The writer would like to propose an idea especially about the leading characters’ ambitions in Frankenstein novel written by Mary Shelley. According to Oxford (2000), ambition is something that you want to do or achieve very much and ambitious is determined to be successful, rich, and powerful by needing a lot of efforts, money or time to succeed.

The writer chooses this novel because this novel is very interesting to read and can give some information about the ambitions and its effects to the readers and the writer herself. In nowadays, as the reality of life, we know that a lot of people in this world want to get their ambitions by trying use many ways without to see its effect. The reason of writer to choose this novel because of the author’s technique in describing the events, character acting, and style of the novel into her literary works so the readers can

read it to be more interesting, enjoying the story, and can get messages from the story itself.

For analyzing this thesis, the writer uses library research by collecting all necessary information to support the writer idea in the analysis. The steps used in this thesis are started by reading the novel, finding the related data and quotes that support the theme, until finally making the conclusion of the analysis.

1.2Problem of the Study

Based on the above explanation, the writer would like to concern the writer’s thesis in the lading characters’ ambitions, which formulated into :

1. How are the leading characters’ ambitions in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley? 2. What are the effects of the leading characters’ ambitions in Frankenstein

written by Mary Shelley?

1.3Objective of the Study

The objective of this thesis tends to answer the question or the problems of study. Therefore, the purposes of this study are:

1. To explain the leading characters’ ambitions in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley.

2. To describe the effects of the leading characters’ ambitions in Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley.

1.4Scope of the Study

The writer limits the scope of the study by analyzing two leading characters’ ambitions and its effects in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, not from the other characters and not on the other aspects of the novel. The writer believes that by scoping this study on the leading characters’ ambitions, it will give contribute to us a lot of good messages from this study in order to become more careful in choosing and running the ambitions.

1.5Significance of the Study

The writer hopes that the thesis will enrich our knowledge and can give some information to reader about the leading characters’ ambitions and its effects in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley and expected to give some good messages from the leading characters’ ambitions and its effects itself.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Brief description of Novel

Literature is an interpretation of man’s life by using language as its medium. According to (Robert, 1993: 1) literature is writing which expresses and communicates thoughts, feelings, and attitudes toward life. It is also happened on novel as one of the genre of literature. Novel is one of the literary works that are part of prose. Novel is a fictional prose narrative of considerable length, typically having a plot that is unfolded by the actions, speech, and thoughts of the characters. By analyzing a novel, the writer wants to get interpretation of life. Here, the writer will analyze the novel by its intrinsic elements.

According to (Robert, 1993: 1), a learning to read fiction well, we must understand something about its technique. One useful way to approach the techniques of fiction is to describe a basic elements or characteristics: plot, character, setting, style, and theme. For analyzing this novel, here are the descriptions of those elements:

Plot, the action element in fiction is the arrangement of events that make up story. A story’s plot keeps us turning pages: we read to find out what will happen next. But for a plot to be effective, it must include a sequence of incidents or bear a significant causal relationship to each other. Causality is an important lecture of realistic fictional plots: it simply means that one thing happens because as a result of something else.

Many fictional plots turn on a conflict, or struggle between opposing forces. That is usually resolved by the end of the story. Typical fictional plots begin with an

exposition that provides background information we need to make sense of the action, describes the setting, and introduces the major characters: these plots develop a series of complications or intensifications of the conflict that lead to a crisis or moment og great tension. Whatever the plot or a story may be, the writer has ordered the events with a view born to the overall meaning and to the responses of readers. To appreciate fictional plot. Therefore, we should think about our experience in reading a story and remember what we thought and felt at different points.

Character in fiction can be conveniently classified as major and minor, static and dynamic. A major character is an important figure at the center of the story’s action or theme. Usually a character’s status as major or minor is clear. On occasion, however not one but two character’s may dominate a story.

The major character is sometimes called a protagonist whose conflict with an antagonist may spark the story’s conflict. Supporting the major character are one or more secondary or minor characters whose function is partly to illuminate the major characters. Minor characters are often static or unchanging: they remain the same from the beginning of a work to the end. Dynamic characters, on the other hand, exhibit some kind of change of attitude, of purpose, of behavior of the story progresses.

Setting is the place or location of a story’s action along with the time in which it occurs is its setting. For writer like James Joyce and William Faulkner, setting is essential to meaning. Functioning as more than a simple backdrop for action, it provides a historical and cultural context that enhances our understanding of the characters.

Style is the verbal identify of a writer, as unmistakable as his or her face or voice. Reflecting their individuality, writer’s style convey their unique ways of seeing the

world. In the discussion of the language and style of fiction, we will concentrate on diction, the kind of word choices a writer makes: syntax, the order those words assume in sentences; and the presence or absence of figurative language, especially figures of comparison (simile and metaphor).

Theme is its idea or point formulated as a generalization. The theme of a fable is its moral: the theme of a parable is its teaching: the theme of a short story is its implied view of life and conduct. However, most fiction is not designed primarily to teach or preach. Its theme, thus, is more obliquely presented. In fact theme in fiction is rarely presented at all: it is abstracted from the details of character and action that compose the story.

Theme is related to the other elements of fiction more as consequence than as a parallel element that can be separately identified. A story’s theme, that is arrows out of the relationship of the other elements. Perhaps the most important thing to remember about theme is that it is an abstraction from a story’s complex uses of language to describe and action, epic, setting, and portray character. A statement of theme derives from the particulars embodied in language and action.

2. 2 Characteristics of Romanticism

Frankenstein’s first edition was published anonymously in London in 1818 as the romanticism era and has some elements of the Romantic movement. There is a web sites addressed on http://www.buzzle.com/articles/romanticism-characteristics-of-romanticism.html telling the characteristic of romanticism. Romanticism emerged as a reaction against 'The Age of Enlightenment', which emphasized on reason and logic.

Pioneers of the Romantic period wanted to break away from the conventions of the Age of Enlightenment and make way for individuality and experimentation. The Romantic movement is said to have emerged in Germany, although the main source of inspiration came from the events and ideologies of the French Revolution. The Industrial Revolution, which began during the same period, is also said to be responsible for the development of this movement.

Literature was the first branch of art to be influenced by the waves of Romanticism, although the concepts remain the same in all the art forms. Let us look at some of the characteristics which influenced the Romantics, such as: love of nature, emotion vs. rationality, artist or the creator, nationalism, exoticism, and supernatural. Below is the explanation of this 6 terms :

Love and nature, the Romantics greatly emphasized the importance of nature and the primal feelings of awe, apprehension and horror felt by man on approaching the sublimeness of it. This was mainly because of the industrial revolution, which had shifted life from the peaceful, serene countryside towards the chaotic cities, transforming man's natural order. Nature was not only appreciated for its visual beauty, but also revered for its ability to help the urban man find his true identity.

Emotion vs. rationality, unlike the age of Enlightenment, which focused on rationality and intellect, Romanticism placed human emotions, feelings, instinct and intuition above everything else. While the poets in the era of rationality adhered to the prevalent rules and regulations while selecting a subject and writing about it, the Romantic writers trusted their emotions and feelings to create poetry. This belief can be confirmed from the definition of poetry by William Wordsworth, where he says that

poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. The emphasis on emotions also spread to the music created in that period, and can be observed in the compositions made by musicians like Weber, Beethoven, Schumann, etc. Beethoven played an important role in the transition of Western music from the classical to the Romantic age.

Artist or the creator, as the Romantic period emphasized on human emotions, the position of the artist or the poet also gained supremacy. In the earlier times, the artist was seen as a person who imitated the external world through his art. However, this definition was mooted in the Romantic era and the poet or the painter was seen as a creator of something which reflected his individuality and emotions. The Romantic perception of the artist as the creator is best encapsulated by Caspar David Friedrich, who remarked that "the artist's feeling is his law". It was also the first time that the poems written in the first person were being accepted, as the poetic persona became one with the voice of the poet.

Nationalism, the Romantics borrowed heavily from the folklore and the popular local art. During the earlier eras, literature and art were considered to belong to the high-class educated people, and the lower high-classes were not considered fit to enjoy them. Also, the language used in these works used to be highly lyrical, which was totally different from what was spoken by people. However, Romantic artists took no shame from being influenced by the folklore that had been created by the masses or the common people, and not by the literary works that were popular only among the higher echelons of the society. Apart from poetry, adopting folk tunes and ballads was one of the very important characteristics of Romantic music. As the Romantics became interested and focused upon developing the folklore, culture, language, customs and traditions of their

own country, they developed a sense of Nationalism which reflected in their works. Also, the language used in Romantic poems was simple and easy to understand by the masses.

Exoticism, along with Nationalism, the Romantics developed the love of the exotic. Hence, far off and mysterious locations were depicted in many of the artistic works from that period. Though this was not exactly apposite to the Romantic ideal of Nationalism, separate factions were never formed. Exoticism is also one of the most prominent characteristics in art, along with sentimentality and spirituality.

Supernatural, another characteristic of this movement is the belief in the supernatural. The Romantics were interested in the supernatural and included it in their works. Gothic fiction emerged as a branch of Romanticism after Horace Walpole's 1764 novel The Castle of Otranto. This fascination for the mysterious and the unreal also led to the development of Gothic romance, which became popular during this period.

From the explanation above, we can find some characteristics of Romanticism in the novel ‘Frankenstein’. There are the love of nature where the Victor Frankenstein uses some stuffs from nature like the bone, flesh and etc for creating the monster, emotions vs. rationality which showed by the action of the reason for creating until its effects, the point as the creator where Frankenstein as the creator creates the monster as his creature, exoticism where the novel describes many exotic places as its scene, and supernatural may seem less in the novel but when Victor believe of life by creating the monster, it can be considered as supernatural because he thought as if he were the God who create the Adam by making a life for his creature.

2. 3 Ambition

Ambition a passion that never fails you and will never let you fail it, and this is why it will ultimately cause the downfall of the individual. In this novel, ambition is the main theme because Frankenstein has great dreams of accomplishing certain things that defy a higher order. Ambition drove him to strive for what he wants and never give up on his dreams. Ambition without doubt help or even single handling brought Victor to their dreams. Ambition is the best quality that a person can have, it allowed Victor to achieve what they always wanted. Whatever can bring you to the top, also has the power to make you fall harder then you fell before, being overly ambitious can also destroy a person and people that surrounds this individual. Frankenstein succeeded in accomplishing their deepest desire but this does not mean they have succeeded in achieving happiness.

According to Napoleon Bonaparte, Great ambition is the passion of a great character. Those endowed with it may perform very good or very bad acts. All depends on the principles which direct them. Everyone dreams about achieving goals and dreams in life that is nearly impossible to grasp due to certain circumstances. Why do some individuals still try in chasing their dreams even though they know that the chances of succeeding are very slim? In the novel Frankenstein, Victor has dreams of achieving goals that defy a high order which promises server consequences. Victor are examples of the individual that were driven by ambition, this ambition was so strong and relentless that it actually allowed Victor achieved their impossible dreams. In Victor’s case he succeeded in creating life and this was all due to being ambitious and determined.

Ambition is the best quality anyone can have, until we crossed the line of chasing a dream and just being obsessed. No one is born with the ambition that makes you obsessed with your goals and dreams in life. Certain incidents must occur to push this person to let ambition make you become obsessed with the goals and dreams in life. Yet, Ambition can be bad if someone allow their ambitious minds to take over. A determined and overly ambitious mind is a blind one.

You may spend your whole life striving for a dream or goal that you have. You work so hard in getting what you think you really want, but when you actually achieved and accomplished you goal or dream. You realized that you’re not happy and lost certain things that are so much more important to you then your so called dream or goal.

Knowledge is power and power can corrupt any human being. Victor and Macbeth had the opportunity to achieve their dreams and goals. This thought corrupted both their minds. Ambition can give bad effect if someone acted on impulse which caused them to do whatever it takes to succeed, which caused them to make mistakes that they regretted towards the end of their lives because they let their ambitious mind blind them of their senses and conscious of what is really important to them and what truly makes them happy. Chasing a dream is good, until the mind is obsessed and is poisoned with the ambition that will change you to a whole new person.

CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE STUDY

3. 1 Research Design

In this thesis, the writer applies the library research by searching and collecting references that contain and support this topic from the library for accomplishing this analysis. The writer collects some information from different books. The writer also applies the online research as well for she knows that some opinions of others may be useful to support her thesis.

The writer also uses intrinsic and extrinsic approach. According to Rene Wellek and Austin Warren in their theory of literature, there are two approaches to analyze a literary work. They are intrinsic approach and extrinsic approach. The intrinsic approach is an analysis approach which analyzes literary works based on the text and the structural points of literary works which comprises the theme, characters, plot, setting, style, and point of view. In other word, we can say that intrinsic approach means the analysis of literary work focusing mainly on the text without being helped by the other disciplines of knowledge, such as psychology, history, philosophy, etc. Whereas, the extrinsic approach is the analysis approach of literary work with the help of the above disciplines of knowledge and external factors such as the biography of the author, society, religion, history, psychology, and so on.

In order to analyze the leading characters’ ambitions in Frankenstein, the writer used the intrinsic approach. The writer does also focuses her analysis on leading

characters’ ambitions is only taken from the text in order to analyzed the ambitions through the leading characters.

3.2 Data Collection

In the process of collecting data, the writer uses some books as the sources of the data. Firstly, the writer read the novel written by Mary Shelley entitled Frankenstein to get the information and to understand about the topic that will be analyzed in this thesis and to find out the ambitions of both leading characters.

Secondly, data is taken from others books as the references which concerned about the ambitions in the novel and some data taken from the internet as supported references. Thirdly, the related books concerning to the subject matter are analyzed.

3.3 Data Analysis

When all the data and information relates to the topic are collected, the writer did the analysis of the data. In analyzing this thesis, the writer uses descriptive method. The descriptive method is a method of analysis which describing and analyzing the data and then giving the interpretation and explanation.

According to John W. Best in his Research in Education (1977), descriptive studies aim to describe anything today, in which there is an attempt at description, record, analysis and interpretations of conditions that currently occur or exist. In this descriptive study, it includes various types of comparisons, and perhaps also to attempt to find a relationship exists between variables; provided that the variables and not undergone a process of manipulation as performed in experimental research. After the

data selected are analyzed, the writer makes the finding of the thesis. Finally, the writer can design the conclusion for this thesis.

Here is the chart for making easy understanding the steps of analyzing this thesis:

Collecting All Necessary Data

Giving Analysis by Related It on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Approach Which Supported by the Exact

Quote

Dividing the Analysis of the Leading Characters’ Ambition

and Its Effect for Making It More Specific

Giving the Conclusion of Each Analysis for Making the Reader

Easier to Understand Reading the Novel

Underlying the Supporting Quote That Related on the Ambition

Giving the Conclusion of the Whole Analysis and Giving the

CHAPTER IV FINDING AND ANALYSIS

Frankenstein is a novel written by Marry Shelley that has ambition as one of major point to be discussed. In this thesis, the writer wants to analyze the ambition of both of leading character, Victor and its monster, and effect of ambitious for both leading character. Victor is a young man that wants to create a human as the ambition his ambition. And the monster as Victor’s creature that wants to kill the Victor and his family for revenge.

The writer will be analyzing the ambition of both character, Frankenstein as the creator and the monster as the creature that leading the story and the conflict. The writer will be analyzing it starting by analyzing the reason of Frankenstein’s ambition, the reason of the monster’s ambition, their ambition and the effect by their ambition. So, this thesis will be divided by this step by the reason of the ambition, the ambition itself and effects of the ambition.

4. 1 Leading Characters’ Ambition

Every action is because of a reason. When someone does something, there must be a reason why he does it. It may a certain reason or ambiguous reason, but it is still called as a reason. The first analysis of this chapter is analyzing the reason why Frankenstein is being obsessed to create a man, thought the man he create is more like monster and normal man, and the reason of his creature, the monster, which that leading

story with conflict between the creator and the creature. Frankenstein and the monster are described as the leading characters that build up the story and the conflict of the story.

4.1.1 Frankenstein’s Ambition

Frankenstein has a family that consists of his complete parents, Elizabeth – his more than a sister-, a young brother, and Clerval- his close friend. His temper is sometimes violent and his passion vehement and eager desire to learn. He desires to learn the secret of heaven and earth whether it is outward substance of things or the inner spirit of nature and mysterious soul of man.

He desires to learn the physical secret of the world to state those facts which he led to his predilection for that science. By chance, he finds the book of Cornelius Agrippa which demonstrates the wonderful facts that making him in enthusiasm. Here is the start why Frankenstein is being ambitious. The first one is because of his father by saying,

“Ah! Cornelius Agrippa! My dear Viktor, do not waste your time upon this; it is a sad trash.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 30).

His father is only saying it without explain why he call Cornelius Agrippa. He doesn’t explain that principle of Agrippa has been exploded and modern system has been introducing the greater power. It makes him continue to read with greatest avidity. This is also happening in real world, when a father tell his son to not do something without telling the reason, his son will learn the reason by trying it again by himself.

His teacher, M. Krempe as the professor of natural philosophy is also doing the same thing with his father. When he asks Frankenstein about several questions concerning Frankenstein’s progress in the different branches of science appertaining to

natural philosophy, Frankenstein mention about Agrippa again. Here is the M. Krempe’s reaction:

“The professor stared. “Have you,” he said, “really spent your time in studying such nonsense? …continued M. Krempe with warmth, “every instant that you have wasted on those books is utterly and entirely lost and useless names. Good God! …I little expected, in this enlightened and scientific age, in find a disciple of Albertus Magnus and Paracelsus. My dear sir, you must begin your studies entirely anew.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 37)

His father and M. Krempe, both of them are saying that learning Agrippa theory is only wasting the time. There is no difference of his father and M. Krempe. But when Frankenstein says about Agrippa to M. Waldman as his other professor, M. Waldman tells the reason. He says that the ancient teachers of this science promise impossibilities and perform nothing but the modern master promise very little and perform miracle. But what they have said about Agrippa don’t make Frankenstein believe them easily. Their reaction seeing what Frankenstein has studied make Frankenstein’s mind filled with one thought, one conception, one purpose. Then he has ambition to be the pioneer, exploring unknown powers, and finding out the mystery of the creation.

Mr. Waldman, the one Frankenstein ask advice concerning the book he should procure. One day M. Waldman shows him his laboratory, after Frankenstein has been successfully showing his progress in natural philosophy, and explains him how to uses his various machines and gives Frankenstein list one book Frankenstein request. Yet, M. Krempe still love mocking Frankenstein about Agrippa:

“Professor Krempe often asked me, with a sly smile, how Cornelius Agrippa went on? whilst M. Waldman expressed the most heartfelt exultation in my progress.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 42)

Sly smile of M. Krempe doesn’t make him down from his believe of Agrippa while M. Waldman expresses the most heartfelt exultation in his progress. Hence, he has been having a strong passion of the Agrippa due to, since the first no one tells him why.

For those all reason, Frankenstein is being interested with science especially about questioning where the life comes from by analyzing structure of the human frame, and any animal endued with life. Moreover, he is only studying the natural philosophy but also psychology and finally success in discovering the cause of generation and life. The awful fact is that he claim that his vision not mad at all:

“Remember, I am not recording the vision of a madman. The sun does not more certainly shine in the heavens than that which I now affirm is true. Some miracle might have produced it, yet the stages of the discovery were destined and probable.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 44)

This is something to be questioning. Human should have vision for making their life have passion. Everyone can dream anything and make his vision comes true. Yet, there is moment when someone has to be questioning his vision especially the effect of vision because by having vision, it makes people have ambition and being ambitious. The most horrible image of vision is when the owner of that vision is claim that it is not a vision of a madman. That makes the owner of the vision has no more doubt that his vision is right and not asking the effect again.

“Winter, spring, and summer passed away during my labours; but I did not watch the blossom or the expending leaves- so deeply was I engrossed in my occupation.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 48)

He is being obsessed with his experiment by collecting and arranging the materials. He collects bones with a profane fingers and all material that can be

combining being one to make his creature. Since all the material is taken from the nature, it shows one of Romanticism characteristic by having ‘love of nature’. From the quotation above, Frankenstein looks like have being engages, heart and soul, in one pursuit with his experiment until he forget the time passes just for making his creation complete. Here is how Frankenstein described his creation:

“His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath, his hair was of lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of pearly whiteness; but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun-white sockets in which were set, his shriveled complexion and straight black lips.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 50)

When he is in the process of making his creation, he doesn’t feel afraid or gloomy feeling seeing his creation. This is because his think that ‘his new species’ would bless him as its creator and source. This is also one of the Romanticism characteristics where there is the creator and the creature. He says that no father could claim the gratitude of his child as complete as he should deserves (Page 46). Yet, when he is success and his creator opens his eyes, Frankenstein is being afraid of seeing his creator because he is only seeing the miserable monster and he leaves his creation in his apartment at the time. In conclusion, there are some reason why Frankenstein is being ambitious to create the man. But, he lost all of his ambition when he is success create it and the fact show him the true image of his creation. His creation seems like a monster with all the wretched body. He is even as the creator being afraid seeing the size the form of his creature.

4.1.2 The Monster’s Ambition

Frankenstein’s creature is having very awful appearance like a monster, his height is superior human and his joint is suppler. When he has gone from Frankenstein’s house, he spends his day roaming through the valley and the forest. He starts to learn from Frankenstein, in his time, he learn many things from human especially from when he hide under the house of his cottagers in Ingolstadt and he admire the perfect forms of the cottagers, their grace, beauty and delicate complexions. Ironically, when he views himself in transparent pool, he is only seeing that he is only reality monster which make him filled with bitterest sensation of despondence and mortification.

He is totally lonely, having no friend and having no relation. When he finds Frankenstein, he says all of his condition about his lonely, and his question about who actually he is. He tells his tale about the first time he feel light, hunger, thirst and darkness and no distinct ideas occupied his mind all those all which make him confused. Until he is questioning his friend and relation because no father who has watched his infant days and no other who has blessed him with smiles and caresses:

“From my earliest remembrance I had been as I then was in height and proportion. I had never yet seen a being resembling me or who claimed any intercourse with me. What was I? The question again recurred, to be answered only with groans.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 120)

This is because he has never seeing anyone looking like him, nor the size of the body and this is also because every people he meet is only looking him as a monster. He is only getting bad treatment by human and finally stays living in the forest. He is totally lonely and has no one to ask his identity.

Being ignorance by human due to his ‘deformity’ with a figure hideously deformed and loathsome, he is looking for Frankenstein, as his creator, to ask Frankenstein his right for life. He knows that Frankenstein is his creator, which he considers as his ‘father’ because Frankenstein is the one who have given him a life.

“Like Adam, I was apparently united by no link to any other being in existence; but his state was far different from mine in every other respect. He had come forth from the hands of god a perfect creature, happy and prosperous, guarded by the especial care of his creator; he was allowed to converse with and acquire knowledge from beings of a superior nature, but I was wretched, helpless, and alone.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 129)

He says himself as Adam. This can be happening by seeing the story that he is alone and no one is like him. If the monster is the Adam so Frankenstein can be considering as the God who give a life. Here, in the beginning of his life, he is described with his good nature and his virtuous. Yet, he is still alone.

“Remember that I am thy creature; I ought to be thy Adam, but I am rather the fallen angel, whom thou drivest from joy no misdeed. Everywhere I see bliss, from which I alone am irrevocably excluded. I was benevolent and good; misery made me a friend. Make me happy, and I shall again be virtuous.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 96)

He admits that Frankenstein is his creator and he is only a creature. He says he is fallen angel is may as the message that he should ‘fall’ and keep stay in the ‘heaven’, or in this case may mean he should be never exist. Yet, like a story of Adam and Eve, everything has done is done and can’t be canceled. He is already exist, alone and having miserable body although he is benevolent and good. He is only request to Frankenstein

for making him happy and he will be virtuous again. Here is his description about his companion:

“You must create a female for me with whom I can live in the interchange of those sympathies necessary for my being. This you alone can do, and I demand it of you as a right which you must not refuse to concede.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 146)

He requests a female for him because if he is the Adam, he needs friend like Eve for his companion. A female for him is needed to make him has friend to talk, to share and to live together and for interchanging each day look of affection and kindness. This is only can be done by Frankenstein as his father, his creator and his ‘God’. At that time, Frankenstein agrees to make a female for him.

“For the first time, also, I felt what the duties of a creator towards his creature were, and that I ought to render him happy before I complained of his wickedness. These motives urged me to comply with his demand.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 98)

Having hearing the full tale of the monster, he began to feel his duty as the creator to the creature to give the creature happiness and it makes him want to fulfill the monster request to create his companion since the monster request is only create a female and he has been promising to exile for the human habitation because in fact, the monster blames Frankenstein for the hateful day he receives from society. He blames Frankenstein because he is only get pain in life. One he finds Frankenstein, he tells his entire story and his complain.

“Accursed creator! Why did you form a monster so hideous that even you turned from me in disgust? God, in image; but my form is a filthy type of yours, more horrid even from the very resemblance. Satan had his

companions, fellow devils, to admire and encourage him, but I am solitary and abhorred.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 130)

He curses Frankenstein that gives him life but only alone without any companion. Formally, this is true because any animate thing need friend to be with especially human. Yet, he may not a human but he is life and has feeling so it is no wonder if he asks any friend. It can be consider as basic requirement. He make Frankenstein has to promise to create one like him to be his companion:

“We may not part until you have promised to comply with my requisition. I am alone and miserable; man will not associate with me; but one as deformed and horrible as myself would not deny herself to me. My companion must be of the same species and have the same defects. This being you must create.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 144)

After hearing his entire tale, Frankenstein agrees to create a female for the monster because he knows he has duty for making his creature happy. Surely after the monster promise to only stay with his female and live in exile.

“Turning to him, therefore, I said. “I consent to your demand, on tour solemn oath to quit Europe for ever, and every other place in the neighborhood of man, as soon as I shall deliver into your hand a female who will accompany you in your exile.”(David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 149)

But in the process of making the female, he feels more darkness inside and all prejudice what the monster will do with his female. Here is the emotion and rationality takes the part. He feels darker because of his emotion towards the monster so he keeps delaying the time for making the female yet he still make it as his duty or it can be called as imperative since he says that “I was the slave of my creature (Page 156). Though, when in its progress, he stops his work because of the prejudice that shows his

rationality. He know that monster has sworn to quit the neighborhood and hide himself in desert but his companion, the female monster, has not make that promise and she may become thinking and reasoning animal and refuse to compact made before her creation. Frankenstein even thinks that they two, the monster and the female monster, may hate each other and other prejudices:

“They might even hate each other; the creature who already lived loathed his own deformity, and might he not conceive a greater abhorrence for it when it came before his eye in the female form? She also might turn with disgust from him to the superior beauty of man; she might quit him, and he be again alone, exasperated by the fresh provocation of being deserted by one of his own species. (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 169)

The monster is totally in anger seeing Frankenstein break his promise. For all those reason, the monster decides to make a revenge to Frankenstein due to create him like monster, being alone and break his promise to create a female for him. He knows he is fearless and powerful so he will be able to do his revenge and make Frankenstein feel the pain of being alone too. At that time, the abhorrence totally fills his heart.

“I may die, but first you, my tyrant and tormentor, shall curse the sun that gazes on your misery. Beware, for I am fearless and therefore powerful. I will watch with the witness of a snake, which I may sting with its venom. Man, you shall repent of the injuries you inflict. (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 172)

The monster began to make treatment to Frankenstein that he will repent of the injuries he inflict to the monster by being alone and being hated by human. The advantage for the monster is that he is more powerful than normal people so he is being fearless. Here is the start of his revenge for making Frankenstein know how the feeling of being alone.

In conclusion, the monster is being ambitious to make revenge because Frankenstein breaks his promise to create a female for him to accompany him in his lonely day. He is being lonely is also affected by the reaction of the people when seeing him. For those reasons, he has ambition to make Frankenstein pays his mistake for creating the miserable monster who has no friends.

4. 2 The Effect of the Ambition

Frankenstein has claimed that his vision is not a vision of a madman, so in this part, the writer will be analyzing the effect of his vision, his ambition. The monster kills Frankenstein family one by one. The first one victim is his brother, William. Actually this is happening before the monster finding Frankenstein, saying his request and Frankenstein break it. Frankenstein knows the death of William from his father letter, Alphonse Frankenstein:

“William is dead!-That sweet child, whose smiles delighted and warmed my heart, who was so gentle, yet so gay! Victor, he is the murdered!” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 65)

This is happening by the time the monster leave Frankenstein’s apartment, looking for friend and finding William. He thinks that young people is unprejudiced due to still have living too short time to have imbibed a horror of deformity so he should be able to seize him and educate him as his companion and friend. Yet, when William sees the monster, he struggle violently and cry by saying that his father is Alphonse Frankenstein, the monster commit his eternal revenge to Frankenstein and William is his first victim.

The second victim is Justine. The monster bents over her and place the portrait securely in one of the folds of her dress and this is written as he evidence that Justine kills William for getting the portrait. She also commits the murder although she doesn’t kill William. She declares her quilt by make a lying confession. She trusts that God raises her weakness and give her courage to endure the worst by leaving the sad and bitter world so she doesn’t fear to die due to the pang is past and she died because of it.

The death of William and Justine, which is in this case is innocent, has been giving him sorrow and pain for his mind. He has wandered like an evil spirit for he has committed deeds of mischief beyond description of horrible. Yet, his heart is overflowed with kindness and the love of virtue with self-satisfaction so he began life with benevolent intentions and thirsts for the moment when he should put them in practice and make himself useful to his fellow beings.

He starts his new life as well and then he meets the monster. Here is the scene where the monster tells his tale and asks Frankenstein for making a female for his companion. Frankenstein rejects it and the revenge began. Frankenstein starts losing one by one of his family again. The third victim of his creature, the monster is Clerval, his beloved friend. He sees the lifeless of Henry Clerval before him. For him, the examination, the presence of the magistrate and witnesses, passed like a dream from his memory when he sees the lifeless of Clerval.

“I gasped for breath, and throwing myself on the body, I exclaimed, “Have may murderous machinations deprived you also, my dearest Henry, of life? Two I have already destroyed; other victims await their destiny; but you, Clerval, my friend, my benefactor-“. (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 181)

The death body of Clerval lay down into the room and by seeing the death body of Clerval giving him a sensation of horror, he even cannot reflect on that terrible moment without shuddering and agony. Having been conversing with several person in the island he has inhabited about the death body of Clerval has been found make him perfectly tranquil as to the consequences of the affair. Then he lay for two month on the point of the death. This is adding terror for his soul and makes him confess something, “I called myself the murderer of William, of Justine, and of Clerval. (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 181)” though it’s not totally true because the murderer is the monster but he is the creator of the monster. When his father visits him, he also confesses it to his father:

“Alas! My father,” said I, “how little do you know me. Human beings, their feelings and passions, would indeed be degraded if such wretch as felt pride. Justine, poor unhappy Justine, was as innocent as I, and the suffered the same charge; she died for it; and I am the cause of this – I murderer her. William, Justine, and Henry – they all died by my hand.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 190)

His father, sometimes, only think that Frankenstein feel deeply the degradation of being obliged to answer a charge of murder, and he endeavored to prove to Frankenstein the futility of pride because during his imprisonment, his father has often heard him make the same assertion and sometimes seem to desire an explanation. Moreover, the death of Clerval is not the last terror of the monster since the monster has been treating Frankenstein that the monster will be with Frankenstein on his wedding night with Elizabeth.

“It is well. I go; but remember, I shall be with you on your wedding-night.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 172)

The monster treats Frankenstein by the time he rejects the monster’s request. His words keep ringing in Frankenstein’s ears. He began thinking of his beloved Elizabeth with her tears and endless sorrow, and it makes him has a resolve to not fall before the monster without a bitter struggle. He has made promise to his father to marry Elizabeth because of his father request to, as least, make their misfortunes being seem less and he do his promise. Frankenstein has been calm during the wedding day but soon as night obscure the shape of the objects, a thousand fears arose in his mind and every sound terrified him. Seeing the agitation of Frankenstein, Elizabeth asks it and Frankenstein earnestly entreated her to retire and resolving not too join her until he has known something of the situation of the monster who has been treating him. And suddenly, he hears a shrill and dreadful scream and comes into Elizabeth’s room and finding the death body of Elizabeth:

“Great God! Why did I not then expire! Why am I here to relate the destruction of the best hope and the purest creature of earth? She was there, lifeless and inanimate, thrown across the bed, her head hanging down and her pale and distorted features half covered by her hair. Everywhere I turn I see the same figure – her bloodless arm and relaxed from flung by the murderer on its bridal bier.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 201)

Seeing this, he feels senseless of the ground and saying that life is obstinate and clings closest where it is most hated. The monster mark of the fiend’s grasp is on her neck and the breath has ceased to issue from her lips. By the overflowing misery he felt that the excess of agitation that he endure make him incapable of any exertion. As the memory of past misfortune press upon him make him began to reflect the cause, the monster he has created, the miserable creation whom he has sent abroad into the world for his destruction. The last murder is Frankenstein as the victim:

“That is also my victim!” he exclaimed: “In murder my crimes are consummated: the miserable series of my being is wound to its closet Oh, Frankenstein! Generous and self – devoted being! What does it avail that I now ask thee to pardon me? I, who irretrievably destroyed thee by destroying all thou lovedst. Alas! He is cold, he cannot answer me.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 227)

Frankenstein is killed by the monster for completing his revenge as his last murder. In this scene, the monster is only able to see the cold died body of Frankenstein. Those all victims are William, and Justine, Clerval, Elizabeth and Victor as his creator.

Meanwhile, for the monster, since the first time the feelings of revenge and hatred filled his bosom, and he does not strive to control them, bit allow himself to be borne away by the stream and he bent his mind towards injury and death. The nearer he approaches to Frankenstein habitation, the more deeply he feels the spirit of revenge enkindled in his heart. Since, Frankenstein rejects his request he began angry. He has power to make Frankenstein wretched that the light of day will be hateful to Frankenstein. He kills one by one Frankenstein family to make revenge and finally kill Frankenstein.

“Farewell! I leave you,and in you the last of humankind whom these eyes will ever behold. Farewell, Frankenstein! …and if yet, in some mode unknown to me, thou hadst not ceased to think and feel, thou wouldst not desire againt me a vegeance greater than that which I fell. Blasted as thou wert, my agony was still superior to thine, for my bitter sting of remorse will not cease to rankle in my wound until death shall close them forever.” (David Campbell Publisher Ltd.,1992 : 231)

In conclusion, this novel shows us that having blind ambition can make the owner of the ambition killed by the ambition itself starting by the self-terror until losing the one we loves. This can be called a tragic comedy since Frankenstein is the creator and the

monster is the creature but the creature gives terror to the creator and kills the creator at the end.

At the end of the story, the monster cries with sad and solemn enthusiasm and saying that he shall die because he has not felt anything again and these butning misiries will be extincent. In the end of the monster life, he seem still having virtous by not letting Frankeinsten being worse by following his ambition to desire revenge toward him althought the way is by killing him unless Frakeinstein doesn’t seek his extinction, he might not cause greater wretchednes. Then he commits suicide by thinking that his spirit will sleep in peace and saying farewell to the world. This may be better for him since of he keep alive, he will stay lonely.

CHAPTER V

SUGGESTION AND CONCLUSION

5.1 Conclusion

Having analyzed the ambition of the leading characters in the novel “Frankenstein”, the writer has found some conclusion. The first is by analyzing the reason of the both characters, the writer found reason Frankenstein’s ambition is only because of a simple mocking answer of question and he is being more ambitious to learn about it and the monster’s reason is because of being alone so he needs friend to be his companion to share. Though, since Frankenstein creates the monster as his ambition, the monster has lived alone and has made him asking a female for his companion. Frankenstein reject it, the misfortunes began. The victims are died one by one as the effect of revenge from the monster because Frankenstein doesn’t want to create a companion for him.

Actually, the writer thinks that those all happening because Frankenstein is over obsessed to create a man, in this case being like a monster, and can’t give love and favor to his creature. Creating a man as a creature is like the God who create human. The effect of his creation is killing his family, giving him terror and pain and finally killing himself show that people can’t be fully controlling the creature and finally it only gives the creator destruction. Here is why before people make something, they should think what will happen to their creation and the effect for his own life.

5.2 Suggestion

The writer thinks that one of the reason why the monster being isolated is being prejudice. People are often afraid for something they haven’t known at all. So the writer suggest to not only look something by its cover and being open minded. And as the focus of this thesis, it seems that having ambition is a good one because it gives passion for people but keep thinking in the right side and thinking future the effect of the ambition because mostly when someone totally ambitious of something, they forget about the effect. Moreover, hopefully, this thesis can describe effect of mad ambition well.

REFERENCES

De almeida, Hermione, 1981. Byron and Joyce through Homer. London and Basingstoke : THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD.

Eagleton, Terry, 1943. Literary Theory: an introduction: anniversary edition. Hongkong Jabrohim, (ed.). 2001. Metodologi Penelitian Sastra. Yogyakarta : PT. Prasetia Widia Pratama.

Peck, John and Martin Coyle, 1947. Literary Terms and Criticism. London : Macmillan Education Ltd.

Rees, R.J. 1973. English Literature : An introduction for Foreign Readers. Basingstoke and London : THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD.

Shelley, Mary, 1992. Frankeinstein or the Modern Prometheus. London : David Campbel Publisher Ltd.

Wellek, Rene and Warren, Austin, 1977. Theory of Literature. New York, London : Harcourt Javanovich Publisher.

Whitla, William, 1934. The English Handbook : A guide to literary studies. Singapore : Ho Printing Singapore Pte Ltd.

____________.July 2013. Ambition. Retrieved from http://www.customwritings.com/blog/sample-essays/essay-ambition.html

____________.July 2013. Fiction Writing. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiction_writing

______________. October , 18th 2012 at 12:40. Frankenstein. Retrieved from http:///H:/Frankenstein.htmm

____________.October 16th 2012 at 13:40. Literature. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_literature. 

____________.July 2013. Romanticism characteristics. Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/romanticism-characteristics-of-romanticism.html 

APPENDICES i. Author’s Biography and works

MARY SHELLEY

   

Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, later known as Mary Shelley, was born in Somers Town, London, England, on the 30th of August 1797. She was the daughter of William Godwin, a journalist, philosopher and novelist, and Mary Wollstonecraft, educator and feminist philosopher which was to die only 11 days after her birth, from puerperal fever. She and her four years older half-sister Fanny Imlay, were raised and educated by her father who encouraged them to write from early age. Mary Shelley became an essayist, biographer, short story writer, and novelist, famous for her novel Frankenstein: or The Modern Prometheus, from 1818. Similar to her mother, Shelley led a complicated private life and suffered much ostracism due to her affair with the married man Percy Bysshe Shelley, which was later to become her husband. Shelly also lost three of her children prematurely until the birth of her only surviving child Percy Florence, born in 1819. Shelley's husband also died prematurely sailing into a

storm. Shelley herself died on the 1st of February 1851, after struggling through her last years most likely with a brain tumor.

When Mary Shelley was four years old, her father married Mary Jane Clairmont, their neighbor, who had already two children of her own. His new wife was disliked by most of Godwin's friends and she and Mary did not get along. From an early age, Mary was encouraged by her father to write letters and she took an early liking to writing. She was also encouraged to embrace her father's sociopolitical liberal views and theories and was mostly informally educated, at home. Mary Shelley had access to her father's library, had a governess and a daily tutor. She was later sent to stay with William Baxter, a known radical, and his family in Scotland. At the age of fifteen, she was described by her father as "singularly bold, somewhat imperious, and active of mind. Her desire of knowledge is great, and her perseverance in everything she undertakes almost invincible."

In 1814, with seventeen years old, Mary Shelley started a relationship with Percy Bysshe Shelley, one of her father's political admirers and a married man. Percy was also helping Godwin financially and, due to his admiration for Godwin's political thought, he was alienated from his aristocratic surroundings. Percy and Mary Shelley started meeting secretly at her mother's grave and when her father discovered, he tried to finish the relationship, without success. The couple travelled to France with Mary's step sister Claire Clairmont and only returned when there was no money left. Upon their return, Mary Shelley was pregnant and her father, to her surprise, refused any help. Percy was constantly leaving home, escaping from creditors and also at the time Percy's wife gave birth to their son and Percy seemed to want Mary Shelley to have an affair with his

friend Hogg. They left to Geneva with Claire Clairmont in 1816, to spend the summer with Lord Byron, Claire's affair at the time. The bad weather confined them to the house and they spend much of their time talking about galvanism and reading ghost stories which prompted her to write the first sketch of what was to become her most famous novel Frankenstein: or The Modern Prometheus.

Soon after Mary, Percy and Claire returned to England, Mary's sister and Peter's wife Harriet suicide in the space of two months. Percy was advised by his lawyer to marry Mary which he did at the end of 1816. In the following year Percy was declared morally unfit by the Chancery Court and lost custody of his children with his deceased wife Harriet. The Shelley's, Claire Clairmont and her new baby Alba, daughter of Lord Byron, moved to a large building on the river Thames, where Shelley gave birth to Clara, her third child. In the same year, once more afraid of creditors, they all left to Italy without intention of ever returning. After leaving Alba with Lord Byron, who agreed to raise her with the condition that her mother would have nothing more to do with her, the group wandered around Italy, socializing, writing, and accumulating friends that would often travel with them. The lightness of their existence came to an end with the death of Shelley's two children in 1818 and 1819 which left her devastated and alienated from her husband. Her spirits only lifted with the arrival of their fourth child, Percy Florence, by the end of 1819. During their time in Italy, Mary Shelley wrote prolifically, most noticeably the plays Midas and Proserpine, the novel Matilda, and Valperga, a historical novel, the latter being written in an attempt to help her father's finances. Mary Shelley had to still cope with her husband's interests in other women although she had her share of men around her.

The trio moved to Naples and there were accused by Paolo and Elise Foggi, servants that they had engaged in Naples, for registering a two-month old baby as Percy's and Shelley's daughter, when they claimed it was actually Claire's daughter. There has been much speculation about what actually happened in Naples, without final conclusion. The baby died in the beginning of 1820.

In 1822 Mary Shelley was pregnant again and they moved to Villa Magni, an isolated place at the Bay of Lerici. There Claire learned that her daughter Alba had died in a convent at Bagnacavallo. Mary Shelley was herself depressed in such isolated surroundings, miscarried and almost died from it. Percy spend more time with his Jane Williams, whom he idolized, than with his debilitated wife. The other playtime for Percy was a new sailing boat which ended up on killing him in a storm. Following the death of her husband, Mary Shelley spend much of her time translating poems by Byron but her finances were in precarious state. She moved back to England where she stayed first with her father and was later able to live alone, thanks to an allowance by Percy's father, Sir Timothy Shelley. They disagreed over her son's education which made her financial situation complicated yet again. She enjoyed a stimulating social life in the circles of her father but was still ostracized by many for her relationship with Percy. She moved to London in 1824 to be close to Jane Williams, with whom she was probably in love with. At the time she was working on The Last Man and famously rejected a marriage proposal by John Howard Payne by claiming that having been married to a genius she could only marry another one.

During the last 20 years of her life, Mary Shelley was very busy editing and writing. She published Perkin Warbeck in 1830, Lodore in 1835, and Falkner in 1837.

She contributed frequently to ladies' magazines and after her father's death she planned to write his memoirs but ended up giving up on it. She also promoted Percy's poetry and was devoted to her son Percy Florence. From 1939 Shelley's health started to decline, preventing her from work and she died most likely of a brain tumor on the 1st of February 1851.

Mary Shelley's most famous novel, Frankenstein: or The Modern Prometheus, was released anonymously when she was only 21 years old. Only from its second edition, five years later, was her name to appear as the author. It was initially thought that the author was her husband Percy, as the book was dedicated to William Godwin, his political hero. The work came out of a competition proposed by Lord Byron in the summer of 1816 so as who could write the best horror story. The central idea came to Shelly in a dream where she saw a student putting together parts of a man's body and working through a big engine to animate it. She first wrote a short story but Percy encouraged her to expand it into a novel. The novel had at the center of its plot a failed attempt at artificial life, by the scientist Frankenstein, which produced a monster. The work is considered to be a mixture of science fiction, gothic novel, and having elements from the Romantic movement. It was partly inspired by the electrical experiments conducted on dead and living animals by the italian physicist Giovanni Aldini. Frankenstein: or The Modern Prometheus is also seen as a warning about the transformations of man under the Industrial Revolution. In what is the chronological end of the novel's story, even if the scene belongs to the beginning of the book, Frankenstein warns about the terrible effects of letting oneself be driven by ambition and loosing control over its own possibilities.

ii. Summary of Frankenstein

An English explorer, Robert Walton, is on an expedition to the North Pole. In letters to his sister Magaret Saville, he keeps his family informed of his situation and tells about the difficult conditions on the ship. One day when the ship is completely surrounded by ice, a man in bad condition is taken aboard Victor Frankenstein. As soon as his health allows it, he tells Walton the story of his life.

He grew up in Geneva, Switzerland as the eldest son of a higher-class family. He was brought up with an orphan, Elizabeth and also had two younger brothers. He did not have many friends, Henry Clerval being the only exception. At the age of nineteen, Frankenstein became interested in natural philosophy, electricity, chemistry and mathematics. After the death of his mother, who succumbed to scarlet fever, Frankenstein left for Ingolstadt, Germany, to attend university. There, his interest in natural philosophy quickly became an obsession. He was particularly fascinated with the human frame and the principle of life. After four years of fanatic studying, not keeping in contact with his family, he was able to "bestow animation upon lifeless matter" and created a monster of gigantic proportion from assembled body parts taken from graveyards, slaughterhouses and dissecting rooms. As soon as the creature opened his eyes, however, the beauty of Frankenstein's dream vanished: it became a horrible creature. He realised he made a mistake in creating this monster and fled from his laboratory. On his return the next day, the monster had disappeared. Victor was consequently bedridden with a nervous fever for the next months, being nursed back to health by his friend Clerval. On the eve of the return to his parental home, he received a

letter that his youngest brother had been found murdered. On his way home, Frankenstein saw the daemon he has created and immediately realised that it is he who is responsible for his brother’s death. Frankenstein decided not to tell his family about the daemon because they would simply dismiss it as insane. As he arrived home, he was informed that the murderer of his brother had been found. The accused was Justine, a good friend of the family. When Justine has been found guilty and has been hanged, Frankenstein's heart was tortured. He could not stay in the house and started wandering in the alpine valleys. There, Frankenstein was confronted with his creation that tells him his life story.

After leaving Frankenstein's laboratory, he went to the village where he was insulted and attacked by the frightened villagers. He eventually went to the country and found refuge in a hovel next to small house inhabited by an old, blind man and his two children. By observing the family and by reading their books, the monster learnt how to speak and read. He felt compassion for the family who has to struggle to get by, and anonymously did chores for them. Longing for some kindness and protection, he decided to meet his hosts. He got into a pleasant conversation with the blind man but his children return unexpectedly. Horrified by his appearance, they beat him and he fled the house. Completely disillusioned, the monster was filled with rage and decided to find his creator. By chance he met Frankenstein's younger brother in the forest. As soon as he discovered that the boy "belongs to the enemy" he choked him. He also placed a portrait in the lap of a sleeping young girl, Justine, thereby incriminating her with his crime.

The daemon's only request from Frankenstein was that he should create another being: a female to accompany him. If Frankenstein complies, he and his bride will stay away from other people and keep to themselves in the wild. Frankenstein saw some justice in the monster's arguments and also felt that he has a duty towards his fellow man, so he agreed to the daemon's request. Victor left for England to finish his work accompanied by his friend Clerval, promising to marry Elizabeth on his return. When the work on his second creation was advanced, he started to question his promise. He was afraid that they might hate each other, or that they might produce a whole race of these creatures. When the monster visits to check on the progress, Frankenstein destroyed his work. The monster swore revenge and promised to be with him on his wedding night. The following day a body was found and Frankenstein was accused of murder. He was taken to the body, which he identified as Henry Clerval. He was eventually cleared of all charges and returned to Geneva in a very bad condition. Frankenstein married Elizabeth after promising her to tell her his horrifying secret the following day. Remembering the monster's threat, Frankenstein was convinced that he would be killed that night. The monster, however, kills Elizabeth instead. Frankenstein lost another family member as his father died after hearing the news about Elizabeth's death. Frankenstein had now lost every sensation except for revenge. He followed the monster everywhere which eventually led him to the Arctic region, where he was taken aboard Walton's ship.

After telling Walton his story, Victor asks him to kill the monster if he dies before he can do it himself. The ship has in the mean time been freed from the ice and pressured by his crew, Walton has decided to abandon his trip and return home. Victor's

The trio moved to Naples and there were accused by Paolo and Elise Foggi, servants that they had engaged in Naples, for registering a two-month old baby as Percy's and Shelley's daughter, when they claimed it was actually Claire's daughter. There has been much speculation about what actually happened in Naples, without final conclusion. The baby died in the beginning of 1820.

In 1822 Mary Shelley was pregnant again and they moved to Villa Magni, an isolated place at the Bay of Lerici. There Claire learned that her daughter Alba had died in a convent at Bagnacavallo. Mary Shelley was herself depressed in such isolated surroundings, miscarried and almost died from it. Percy spend more time with his Jane Williams, whom he idolized, than with his debilitated wife. The other playtime for Percy was a new sailing boat which ended up on killing him in a storm. Following the death of her husband, Mary Shelley spend much of her time translating poems by Byron but her finances were in precarious state. She moved back to England where she stayed first with her father and was later able to live alone, thanks to an allowance by Percy's father, Sir Timothy Shelley. They disagreed over her son's education which made her financial situation complicated yet again. She enjoyed a stimulating social life in the circles of her father but was still ostracized by many for her relationship with Percy. She moved to London in 1824 to be close to Jane Williams, with whom she was probably in love with. At the time she was working on The Last Man and famously rejected a marriage proposal by John Howard Payne by claiming that having been married to a genius she could only marry another one.

During the last 20 years of her life, Mary Shelley was very busy editing and writing. She published Perkin Warbeck in 1830, Lodore in 1835, and Falkner in 1837.

She contributed frequently to ladies' magazines and after her father's death she planned to write his memoirs but ended up giving up on it. She also promoted Percy's poetry and was devoted to her son Percy Florence. From 1939 Shelley's health started to decline, preventing her from work and she died most likely of a brain tumor on the 1st of February 1851.

Mary Shelley's most famous novel, Frankenstein: or The Modern Prometheus, was released anonymously when she was only 21 years old. Only from its second edition, five years later, was her name to appear as the author. It was initially thought that the author was her husband Percy, as the book was dedicated to William Godwin, his political hero. The work came out of a competition proposed by Lord Byron in the summer of 1816 so as who could write the best horror story. The central idea came to Shelly in a dream where she saw a student putting together parts of a man's body and working through a big engine to animate it. She first wrote a short story but Percy encouraged her to expand it into a novel. The novel had at the center of its plot a failed attempt at artificial life, by the scientist Frankenstein, which produced a monster. The work is considered to be a mixture of science fiction, gothic novel, and having elements from the Romantic movement. It was partly inspired by the electrical experiments conducted on dead and living animals by the italian physicist Giovanni Aldini. Frankenstein: or The Modern Prometheus is also seen as a warning about the transformations of man under the Industrial Revolution. In what is the chronological end of the novel's story, even if the scene belongs to the beginning of the book, Frankenstein warns about the terrible effects of letting oneself be driven by ambition and loosing control over its own possibilities.

ii. Summary of Frankenstein

An English explorer, Robert Walton, is on an expedition to the North Pole. In letters to his sister Magaret Saville, he keeps his family informed of his situation and tells about the difficult conditions on the ship. One day when the ship is completely surrounded by ice, a man in bad condition is taken aboard Victor Frankenstein. As soon as his health allows it, he tells Walton the story of his life.

He grew up in Geneva, Switzerland as the eldest son of a higher-class family. He was brought up with an orphan, Elizabeth and also had two younger brothers. He did not have many friends, Henry Clerval being the only exception. At the age of nineteen, Frankenstein became interested in natural philosophy, electricity, chemistry and mathematics. After the death of his mother, who succumbed to scarlet fever, Frankenstein left for Ingolstadt, Germany, to attend university. There, his interest in natural philosophy quickly became an obsession. He was particularly fascinated with the human frame and the principle of life. After four years of fanatic studying, not keeping in contact with his family, he was able to "bestow animation upon lifeless matter" and created a monster of gigantic proportion from assembled body parts taken from graveyards, slaughterhouses and dissecting rooms. As soon as the creature opened his eyes, however, the beauty of Frankenstein's dream vanished: it became a horrible creature. He realised he made a mistake in creating this monster and fled from his laboratory. On his return the next day, the monster had disappeared. Victor was consequently bedridden with a nervous fever for the next months, being nursed back to health by his friend Clerval. On the eve of the return to his parental home, he received a

letter that his youngest brother had been found murdered. On his way home, Frankenstein saw the daemon he has created and immediately realised that it is he who is responsible for his brother’s death. Frankenstein decided not to tell his family about the daemon because they would simply dismiss it as insane. As he arrived home, he was informed that the murderer of his brother had been found. The accused was Justine, a good friend of the family. When Justine has been found guilty and has been hanged, Frankenstein's heart was tortured. He could not stay in the house and started wandering in the alpine valleys. There, Frankenstein was confronted with his creation that tells him his life story.

After leaving Frankenstein's laboratory, he went to the village where he was insulted and attacked by the frightened villagers. He eventually went to the country and found refuge in a hovel next to small house inhabited by an old, blind man and his two children. By observing the family and by reading their books, the monster learnt how to speak and read. He felt compassion for the family who has to struggle to get by, and anonymously did chores for them. Longing for some kindness and protection, he decided to meet his hosts. He got into a pleasant conversation with the blind man but his children return unexpectedly. Horrified by his appearance, they beat him and he fled the house. Completely disillusioned, the monster was filled with rage and decided to find his creator. By chance he met Frankenstein's younger brother in the forest. As soon as he discovered that the boy "belongs to the enemy" he choked him. He also placed a portrait in the lap of a sleeping young girl, Justine, thereby incriminating her with his crime.

The daemon's only request from Frankenstein was that he should create another being: a female to accompany him. If Frankenstein complies, he and his bride will stay away from other people and keep to themselves in the wild. Frankenstein saw some justice in the monster's arguments and also felt that he has a duty towards his fellow man, so he agreed to the daemon's request. Victor left for England to finish his work accompanied by his friend Clerval, promising to marry Elizabeth on his return. When the work on his second creation was advanced, he started to question his promise. He was afraid that they might hate each other, or that they might produce a whole race of these creatures. When the monster visits to check on the progress, Frankenstein destroyed his work. The monster swore revenge and promised to be with him on his wedding night. The following day a body was found and Frankenstein was accused of murder. He was taken to the body, which he identified as Henry Clerval. He was eventually cleared of all charges and returned to Geneva in a very bad condition. Frankenstein married Elizabeth after promising her to tell her his horrifying secret the following day. Remembering the monster's threat, Frankenstein was convinced that he would be killed that night. The monster, however, kills Elizabeth instead. Frankenstein lost another family member as his father died after hearing the news about Elizabeth's death. Frankenstein had now lost every sensation except for revenge. He followed the monster everywhere which eventually led him to the Arctic region, where he was taken aboard Walton's ship.

After telling Walton his story, Victor asks him to kill the monster if he dies before he can do it himself. The ship has in the mean time been freed from the ice and pressured by his crew, Walton has decided to abandon his trip and return home. Victor's

health eventually deteriorates and he dies. Just after his death, Walton finds the monster hanging over Victor's body. The daemon speaks of his sufferings. Because of all the murders he has committed, he now hates himself. Since his creator is dead, he decides it is time that he too will rest in death. After stating that he will build a funeral pile for himself, he leaves the ship and disappears on his ice-raft in the darkness.