Studi Kasus Produksi Bersih Pada Industri PengaIengan Ikan Tuna Di PT. Biak Mina Jaya - Papua 2003
�
v
00;
STUD! KASUS PRODUKSI BERSm PADA
NDUSTRI PENGALENGAN KAN TUNA
! T. BIAK NA JAVA
Oeh:
KlADITAMA
F40
23
FAKULTAS TENOLGIPERTANIAN
NSTITUT PERTANIAN BGOR
BGOR
SKRPSI
Sebagai Salab Satu Syarat Unk Memeroleh Gelar
SAUANATEKNOLGI PERTANIAN
Pala Jn Tenoloi Insi en
Faknltas Tenologi Pertanian
stitut Pertanian Bogor
Oleh:
l DTA
F03498030
203
FAKULTASTENOLGIPERTANIAN
NSTTUT PERTANIAN BGOR
BGOR
NSTITUT PERTANIAN BGOR
FAKULTAS TEKNOLGIPERTANAN
STUDI KASUSPRODUKSI BERSII
PADA NDUSTRI PENGALENGAN IKAN TUNA
I PT. BIAK MNAJAYA
SPSI
Seai Salah au Syantt Uk Memeroleh Gelar
SARJANA TENOLGI PERTANIAN
Pada Jan Tenoloi Indosri Peamao
Faknltas Teknoloi Peaniao
;it Pernian Bogor
Oleh:
I DTA
F03498030
Dilahirkan i Biak a tangal20 Jaori 1980
Taoggal Lulos : 31 Maret 203
Kiki adiama (F03498030). Studi Kasus Prduksi Brsih Pada Indusri
PenaIn n Tuna i T. Biak n. Ja
Ppa 2003. bh
-
RINGKASAN
Pan n n. dlm I. r ua dlm indusri
memrikn masukkan devis. ng cukup bsar bai n. l ll ujuan
untuk mkinkn amfhidp masyt Indonsia, n n, dmpk
neatif dori kn trsebut menhosiIkn kontibusi limbah yang dapot
mki lnknan.
Tujuan dn nelition i adolah untuk mkidkikasi rsiko linngn
yang diimbuIkn olh industi enIkn n tuna di T. Biak a Jya
dengan mnprkenalkn don mkerapkon konsp Produksi h kepada
an yang ln aa a eisiksi ytg opimal dalm l
penggnnoan sumber y, pngmanan sumer r dn modisi pross.
Pkeliian diIaksnokn ada eush pros prduksi dngn kn
engomaton dan man pada taup-tauap proses produksi yng mmpyi
eluong dolm enplkasion konsep Prduksi Bersih.
Brdaakan enn yang din, tertapat herapa tauap dalm
pross prduki yng dpt dieisiksikn k eisinsi Iimah yng dihasiIkn
maupun konsumsi keri seloma pross rlansung. Nraa bohon engolkgon
n tuna rbasis 10.000 kg n bko una ku er hari. Pan oir
dolam proses r 10.000 kg tuna eko yong diakumulsi dari pross pelunakn
mpoi riliasi d uk k stilSi k ebnyak 37.633,2 litrlhi
Sanitosi mrupkon kegiotan yng paling banyak mkgkonsumsi oir
k 15.013,2 Iitrlhori. Pross n mn air yk
10008,9 liter/hri, penyiongon, ngukuan n pmbersiuan mosing-masing
mkknsnsi air shyak 2502,2 litrlhari. Stam ytg disiln dri dua tit
boilr mnbotnhkn oir shanyk 5004,4 Iitrlhri untuk kpasitS produksi
10.000 kg una heku
Pada aat penyiongan menghasiIkan jroan sbonyok 727,5 kg. Tahap proes
dsi mnan limah pdt n n pros pnyitgn b
pross pmrsihon ikon se!elah melwai tbap pkgukosan. Pnbrsiuan n
mkhasilkan kouibosi Iimbah pdt yng g iogi d..n jmnlh l
kelhon sesar 3262,7 kg per 100.000 g tuna eku
Rkomdasi ytg diusuIkn pda nn limah dalah denan
mengurani komsi air pada proses produksi. Pmkain air pada proses
mershn r 6,4 % i ol gan oir pada pross naIkn
ikan tuna. Penghematn oir dapt dilokukon sompi mki 6,6 % dkan a
mupkn pros mbn mujadi dua Jap, ... konsnsi oir
mg dari 2502,2 literhri mkjadi 834 litrlhori.
Listik mpakan mkn ..eri yang mmiIii biya i r
sbingga pin perlu pkghn dkan uorpn dpot mnghnta biaya
ngolahan. Eneri littik yng bilang r 73.87 % n a eisi..si
nnanIistik yng dopat diln seear 26,13 %.
Pmbangunt lasi r uItg limbh yang kmsn wn
a invstSi yng idak terlalu bsor Rp. 1.932.108 yang akn mkan air
b k 32.400 liter.
Ta nng siniicantly in he big ale culd cotibutd he states
frein exchane. This way also increase ndonesian ns of living. In the
hr hand, it culd rie e neif inle by prducing wate to e
envirnmnt.
This resarch proposed to identiy the risk actor efetd the envirorunent
which cousd by canning tuna iny in T. ik a Jaya by inducing nd
applying the Claner Prductin concept to the company that basd n optimm
eicincy in uing the resources, e the waste ncin, d mdiid e
prcess. The rch have bn done in all pruction prcess by doing
bervain d masuring 11 evine stp of io prss by aplying
cleaner prduction cncept.
Basd n the observaion, there e several phases in the prduction
ss t could e eicintly efrt in he wate eicient or cnsume he
enery alng he prcess. e balance of tuna canning materials e 100 kg
roen tuna ish raw matriJ.s vy y. The using of watr in prces of
100 kg oen tuna which accumulated rom thawing prcess until steriliation
prss including tcy aniain 37633.2 litr/dy.
Fact' sanitaion is the most activite prcess tht consumd water for
ot 15013.2 litr/day, the thawing prss ndd wateIs fr at
1008.9 liter/dy, butchering, pr-cooking and claning prcess, each of them
nds watr about 2502.2 hter/dy, while wae hase a caning edd watr
only 10 liter/day. The steam prduced from wo oiler Wlits nedd watr aout
54.4 litr/day fr 100 kg n tuna cpacity prducin.
n the butcheriog phae resulted enrails as fd abut 727.5 kg. The
hr prduction phae prcess at ncd waste eside btchering phae are
cleaning phase prcss ater throu. the preong phae. deaning the ih are
e most cotibuing phase t prdt hihest olid waste with toal amonh
about 3262.7 kg per 1000 kg ozen tuna.
Rmmendain sud to henhng the e e y e he
consumtion of water in prducion prcess. The using of water in the claning
prcess aout 6.4 % frm water uing tal in he tna nng. Rencment of
water could e made lil rach 66.6 % by assembling devidd the prcess into
two phase, o he cnsntion of watr ould e m 2502.2 liter/dy uil
834 litr/day.
Elecricity constitute enery income hat have big cost enery Wltil
comsmpin nnomiing wih he t ning prcessing t
Elcricity enery that lost as big as 73.77 % and y to eiciency use elicity
as big as 26.13 %
The recorded waste rycling installaion with small invstation for about
Rp. 1932108 will prduce 3240 htr clan watr.
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH
Lf£STan N"a6i
Papa� .ama� an a �pqu tersayao . q'erima psih atas �ii
sag an antuan ag teai di6pn. Buat s..E.a
..asii
I6u fVastiti
6antanna seama in.
q'eman
aat. §asama sear.a in.
ai.
6antuan yag teai di6epn seta
' .a
Mpo' Da, P4� lilt. NOt, qe
' (pr
§6ersaaanya seaa n. qem 'reso any UnfOTaetta6k menOes.
I e u us.
qin 35. ats �6ersaaanna seCa2 4 taiun in. �ep n touci gs
Warga Ponoi.utri ; p. M'Sari. Ci6en. Cstine, Bi6, an
Mag Vi..
Juat Jerin, a.sii atas 6antuan an aup,san mentaC seria
peatan an {uii sayag ag teai di6eripn seCama in.
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
KATA PENGANTAR
DAFTAR ISI
iv
...........................................................................
.......................................................................................
DAfAR TABEL .
.
.....................................................................
DATAR GAMBAR
........................................
.
x
1
...................................
................................................................................
A. LATAR BELAKANG
...................................
B. TUJUAN PENELITIAN
II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
.
1
_1
...............................
2
...... ...........................................................
C. RUANG LNGP PENELITIAN
_2
.................................................
J
......................................................................
A. PRODUKSI BERSm
B. N TUNA
_vi
......
..............................................................................
DAIAR IAMPIRAN
L PENDAlJLUAN
.
vi
....................
.
......................
.
J
........................
12
........................................ ......................................
Penyimpanan Beku ...
......... ........ 14
.
b. Pelelehan (wing) ...... . .. ... ... ............... . .. ....... ..... . . . ......... ... 14
.
.
.
c.
Penyiangan (Butchering) " ......
d.
Pn Al (Pre-cooking) ..... . ... ... . .. " ................ ................. 15
e.
Pendinginan (Cooling) .................................... ...............
f
Pembersihan (Cleaning)
... .......... 15
.
............ ......... 16
g. Pengisian ke dalam Kaleng
.. 17
h. Sterilisasi ......... ..................
D. ANALISIS ENERGI
..... 17
m. METOOL-I PENELITIAN
....................
20
..........................................................
......
.
20
....................................................
B. TEKNIKPENGUMPULAN DATA
C. TEK ANALISA DATA
18
.
...............................................
A. KERANGKA PEN
....... 16
21
..................................................
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....21
.......................................
D. WAKTU DAN TEMPAT PELAKSANAAN .......................................11
V. RASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ...
...
. . ... .
. KEADAAN UMUM PERUSAHAAN
..
....
..
.....
. .
_
....
1.
ejh n Perkembangan Pan. .
2.
srisi Umwn s n dk ..
3.
Sa n a n•
.
.
•.
. . .
b. Penyianan
..
... . . . . . .
Pelelehan .
..
... . ... .....
..
.......
.
.....
... . . . . . . . . .
. . .. . . .
. ..
. . ..
. . . ...
23
.
3
..
....
......
. . . . .
.
.
....
..
....
............
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 23
. . . . . . . . .
.. .
.. ... . . .
26
.. . .
.... ........... ............ ............ ........... .... ... .... .... 28
B. PROSES PRODUKSL ... ... .
1. Desripsi Proses
...
..
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.....
..
.
. . .
. . .
...
.
........
.
.......
..
......
.
......
. .
.
.....
...
.......
. 29
..
'" ... ... '" .... ........ ...... . .. ........... . ... ......... 29
. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . .
.. .
.
. .... . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . .
..
.... .
.
. .
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.
.
. . .
.. . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .
. . .... . . . . . ..
..
. . . . . . .
. . . 29
. . .. . . . . ... . .. . . . .. ..29
.
c . Pemn Aw.1 ...... ... ......... ... . . . ......... ............... ..................30
.
Pendininan
.
..
.. .
. . . . . . ... ... . . . . . . .. .
.. .
. .... .
. .
.
. ..
. .. .
. . . . .
.. . .
.. .. . . .... . ... ... 30
e. Pembersihan ........................ ... ... ...... ............ ... ... ......... ........3 1
.
Pengisian ke lm Kateng
g. Penambaban Medi•
h. Eausing
. .
encucian aleng
J.
Steritiasi
2. Sanitasi
.
..
. . .
C. PEMBAHASAN
.. . . . . . .
.
..
... . . .
. ..
.. .
.
. .. . . ...... . . . . . .
.
. .
. . . . . .. ...
.. .. . . . .... . . .3 1
.. . .
...... ...... ... ... ..................... ... ..... ...... . ... ......32
...
. ..
.
....
.....
.
.
.
.....
1. Pemahaman Prduksi Bersih ..
.
.. . .
..
. . . . . . . .. .
. .
..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ..
.. . . . .
.
. .. ... . . . . . . .. . . . .. . ..
I.
.
. . . . .
...
...... . . . ... . . .
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... . . .
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. ..
. . .
.. .
.. .
. . .
. . . . . . . .... ..... ..
.
. . . . . ..
.. . ..
.
.
..
. . . . . ..... . . .
. . . .
.....
. . .
32
.
..33
...33
.. . . . .
. . . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . .. . . . . .33
.......
. . . . . . .. .
...
......
. . . . .
.. .
.
...
.
.
...
...............
.
. .. . . . . . . ... .
. . .
. . . ..
. . .
. . .
.8
..
......
... . . .
. . .
... . 38
2. Kemungkinan Aplikasi Prduksi Bersih da Indusri Penalenan n
Ta
•.
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .. .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
. . . . .
39
si ................ .................. ...... ............ ... ......... ...... ......40
b. TeknologilProses
. . . . . . ... . . .
. . . . . .
. . .
. . .
... . . .
. . .
..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .
. . . . . . .
..40
3. Manajemen Penggunaan Air .................... ............ ...... ......... ........... 43
.
4. Man.jemen Pengolaban Limbah
4.•. Mdiikasi AlaI
.. . . . .
.... . . . . . . ... .
. . . .
4.b. Usaha aUf Ulang Limbah
5. Eneri
. . . . . .
.. . . .
. .
. . .
..
5.1.1. Lisrik
. . . . . . .... . . .
... . . .
.
...
. . .
..... . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . .
. .... .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . ... . . . .... .. . . . . . .. . . . .
5 . 1. Anatisis Data
. . .
.. .
. . . . . .
.. . .
.. .
. . .
46
... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . ... .. . . &
. . ... . . . . . . ... . .. . . . . .... .
. . .
..
. ... ..50
. .. . . . . .. .... .. . .. . . . ..... . . . . .... . . . . . . . 5 2
..... . . . . . .... . .
... ...
. . . . . . . . .
. .. .. . ..
.
.. .
.
. . .....
. ....
. . . . .
. .. .
. . . .. ... . . . ..... .
...... . . . . .... ... .
. . .
.. . . . .
53
56
5.1.2. Bahan Bakar ...... ...... " . ... ...... ... '" ...... ...... ............ ....... 57
5 . 2. Peluang Penhematan n Konservasi energi ............ '" ...... ......... 5 8
5.2.1. Efisiensi Penggunaan Energi Listrik '.. ............ " . ... ............ 5 8
5.2.2. Eisiensi PenanEneri n r ......... ...... ... ........59
6. Analisis Finansial ......... ...... ...... " . ............ " . ............... ................ 60
6.1. Asumsi-asumsi ... ................. ......... . ' . '............... ' ......... .... ,.. 60
_
.
6.2. Perhitungan Nilai Penghematan
6.3. Kaasitas Prduksi
"
.... ............... ...... " ....... ........... 61
...... ... ............ ... ............ ... ... ............ ... ... 61
6.3.1. Daur 1ang PenanLimbah Cair ...... ............ ............ 61
.
6.4. Analia Biaya
... ...... ......... ... ........
. .
.. " . ......... ... '" ...... ......... 62
6.4.1. Biaya Investasi ......... ". ... ...... ... " . ... ........................ ....62
6.4.2. Biaya Produksi (Oerasi) .................. ..................... ... ....6 2
6.4.3. aan Nilai Penghemaan ......... ......... ...... ..................62
v. KESMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. ESMPUAN
B. SARAN
..............
...................
.
...
.
...
4
.
........................................... ....
.
.
...
.......
. . .
..
..
...........
. .
..
..
.
...
.
4
.......
65
................................................................................. ....
V. DAFTAR PUSTAKA .........................................................................6
v
00;
STUD! KASUS PRODUKSI BERSm PADA
NDUSTRI PENGALENGAN KAN TUNA
! T. BIAK NA JAVA
Oeh:
KlADITAMA
F40
23
FAKULTAS TENOLGIPERTANIAN
NSTITUT PERTANIAN BGOR
BGOR
SKRPSI
Sebagai Salab Satu Syarat Unk Memeroleh Gelar
SAUANATEKNOLGI PERTANIAN
Pala Jn Tenoloi Insi en
Faknltas Tenologi Pertanian
stitut Pertanian Bogor
Oleh:
l DTA
F03498030
203
FAKULTASTENOLGIPERTANIAN
NSTTUT PERTANIAN BGOR
BGOR
NSTITUT PERTANIAN BGOR
FAKULTAS TEKNOLGIPERTANAN
STUDI KASUSPRODUKSI BERSII
PADA NDUSTRI PENGALENGAN IKAN TUNA
I PT. BIAK MNAJAYA
SPSI
Seai Salah au Syantt Uk Memeroleh Gelar
SARJANA TENOLGI PERTANIAN
Pada Jan Tenoloi Indosri Peamao
Faknltas Teknoloi Peaniao
;it Pernian Bogor
Oleh:
I DTA
F03498030
Dilahirkan i Biak a tangal20 Jaori 1980
Taoggal Lulos : 31 Maret 203
Kiki adiama (F03498030). Studi Kasus Prduksi Brsih Pada Indusri
PenaIn n Tuna i T. Biak n. Ja
Ppa 2003. bh
-
RINGKASAN
Pan n n. dlm I. r ua dlm indusri
memrikn masukkan devis. ng cukup bsar bai n. l ll ujuan
untuk mkinkn amfhidp masyt Indonsia, n n, dmpk
neatif dori kn trsebut menhosiIkn kontibusi limbah yang dapot
mki lnknan.
Tujuan dn nelition i adolah untuk mkidkikasi rsiko linngn
yang diimbuIkn olh industi enIkn n tuna di T. Biak a Jya
dengan mnprkenalkn don mkerapkon konsp Produksi h kepada
an yang ln aa a eisiksi ytg opimal dalm l
penggnnoan sumber y, pngmanan sumer r dn modisi pross.
Pkeliian diIaksnokn ada eush pros prduksi dngn kn
engomaton dan man pada taup-tauap proses produksi yng mmpyi
eluong dolm enplkasion konsep Prduksi Bersih.
Brdaakan enn yang din, tertapat herapa tauap dalm
pross prduki yng dpt dieisiksikn k eisinsi Iimah yng dihasiIkn
maupun konsumsi keri seloma pross rlansung. Nraa bohon engolkgon
n tuna rbasis 10.000 kg n bko una ku er hari. Pan oir
dolam proses r 10.000 kg tuna eko yong diakumulsi dari pross pelunakn
mpoi riliasi d uk k stilSi k ebnyak 37.633,2 litrlhi
Sanitosi mrupkon kegiotan yng paling banyak mkgkonsumsi oir
k 15.013,2 Iitrlhori. Pross n mn air yk
10008,9 liter/hri, penyiongon, ngukuan n pmbersiuan mosing-masing
mkknsnsi air shyak 2502,2 litrlhari. Stam ytg disiln dri dua tit
boilr mnbotnhkn oir shanyk 5004,4 Iitrlhri untuk kpasitS produksi
10.000 kg una heku
Pada aat penyiongan menghasiIkan jroan sbonyok 727,5 kg. Tahap proes
dsi mnan limah pdt n n pros pnyitgn b
pross pmrsihon ikon se!elah melwai tbap pkgukosan. Pnbrsiuan n
mkhasilkan kouibosi Iimbah pdt yng g iogi d..n jmnlh l
kelhon sesar 3262,7 kg per 100.000 g tuna eku
Rkomdasi ytg diusuIkn pda nn limah dalah denan
mengurani komsi air pada proses produksi. Pmkain air pada proses
mershn r 6,4 % i ol gan oir pada pross naIkn
ikan tuna. Penghematn oir dapt dilokukon sompi mki 6,6 % dkan a
mupkn pros mbn mujadi dua Jap, ... konsnsi oir
mg dari 2502,2 literhri mkjadi 834 litrlhori.
Listik mpakan mkn ..eri yang mmiIii biya i r
sbingga pin perlu pkghn dkan uorpn dpot mnghnta biaya
ngolahan. Eneri littik yng bilang r 73.87 % n a eisi..si
nnanIistik yng dopat diln seear 26,13 %.
Pmbangunt lasi r uItg limbh yang kmsn wn
a invstSi yng idak terlalu bsor Rp. 1.932.108 yang akn mkan air
b k 32.400 liter.
Ta nng siniicantly in he big ale culd cotibutd he states
frein exchane. This way also increase ndonesian ns of living. In the
hr hand, it culd rie e neif inle by prducing wate to e
envirnmnt.
This resarch proposed to identiy the risk actor efetd the envirorunent
which cousd by canning tuna iny in T. ik a Jaya by inducing nd
applying the Claner Prductin concept to the company that basd n optimm
eicincy in uing the resources, e the waste ncin, d mdiid e
prcess. The rch have bn done in all pruction prcess by doing
bervain d masuring 11 evine stp of io prss by aplying
cleaner prduction cncept.
Basd n the observaion, there e several phases in the prduction
ss t could e eicintly efrt in he wate eicient or cnsume he
enery alng he prcess. e balance of tuna canning materials e 100 kg
roen tuna ish raw matriJ.s vy y. The using of watr in prces of
100 kg oen tuna which accumulated rom thawing prcess until steriliation
prss including tcy aniain 37633.2 litr/dy.
Fact' sanitaion is the most activite prcess tht consumd water for
ot 15013.2 litr/day, the thawing prss ndd wateIs fr at
1008.9 liter/dy, butchering, pr-cooking and claning prcess, each of them
nds watr about 2502.2 hter/dy, while wae hase a caning edd watr
only 10 liter/day. The steam prduced from wo oiler Wlits nedd watr aout
54.4 litr/day fr 100 kg n tuna cpacity prducin.
n the butcheriog phae resulted enrails as fd abut 727.5 kg. The
hr prduction phae prcess at ncd waste eside btchering phae are
cleaning phase prcss ater throu. the preong phae. deaning the ih are
e most cotibuing phase t prdt hihest olid waste with toal amonh
about 3262.7 kg per 1000 kg ozen tuna.
Rmmendain sud to henhng the e e y e he
consumtion of water in prducion prcess. The using of water in the claning
prcess aout 6.4 % frm water uing tal in he tna nng. Rencment of
water could e made lil rach 66.6 % by assembling devidd the prcess into
two phase, o he cnsntion of watr ould e m 2502.2 liter/dy uil
834 litr/day.
Elecricity constitute enery income hat have big cost enery Wltil
comsmpin nnomiing wih he t ning prcessing t
Elcricity enery that lost as big as 73.77 % and y to eiciency use elicity
as big as 26.13 %
The recorded waste rycling installaion with small invstation for about
Rp. 1932108 will prduce 3240 htr clan watr.
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH
Lf£STan N"a6i
Papa� .ama� an a �pqu tersayao . q'erima psih atas �ii
sag an antuan ag teai di6pn. Buat s..E.a
..asii
I6u fVastiti
6antanna seama in.
q'eman
aat. §asama sear.a in.
ai.
6antuan yag teai di6epn seta
' .a
Mpo' Da, P4� lilt. NOt, qe
' (pr
§6ersaaanya seaa n. qem 'reso any UnfOTaetta6k menOes.
I e u us.
qin 35. ats �6ersaaanna seCa2 4 taiun in. �ep n touci gs
Warga Ponoi.utri ; p. M'Sari. Ci6en. Cstine, Bi6, an
Mag Vi..
Juat Jerin, a.sii atas 6antuan an aup,san mentaC seria
peatan an {uii sayag ag teai di6eripn seCama in.
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
KATA PENGANTAR
DAFTAR ISI
iv
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DAfAR TABEL .
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DATAR GAMBAR
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x
1
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A. LATAR BELAKANG
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B. TUJUAN PENELITIAN
II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
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C. RUANG LNGP PENELITIAN
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A. PRODUKSI BERSm
B. N TUNA
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DAIAR IAMPIRAN
L PENDAlJLUAN
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12
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Penyimpanan Beku ...
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b. Pelelehan (wing) ...... . .. ... ... ............... . .. ....... ..... . . . ......... ... 14
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c.
Penyiangan (Butchering) " ......
d.
Pn Al (Pre-cooking) ..... . ... ... . .. " ................ ................. 15
e.
Pendinginan (Cooling) .................................... ...............
f
Pembersihan (Cleaning)
... .......... 15
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............ ......... 16
g. Pengisian ke dalam Kaleng
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h. Sterilisasi ......... ..................
D. ANALISIS ENERGI
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m. METOOL-I PENELITIAN
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B. TEKNIKPENGUMPULAN DATA
C. TEK ANALISA DATA
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A. KERANGKA PEN
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D. WAKTU DAN TEMPAT PELAKSANAAN .......................................11
V. RASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ...
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. KEADAAN UMUM PERUSAHAAN
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ejh n Perkembangan Pan. .
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srisi Umwn s n dk ..
3.
Sa n a n•
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b. Penyianan
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Pelelehan .
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B. PROSES PRODUKSL ... ... .
1. Desripsi Proses
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c . Pemn Aw.1 ...... ... ......... ... . . . ......... ............... ..................30
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Pendininan
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e. Pembersihan ........................ ... ... ...... ............ ... ... ......... ........3 1
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Pengisian ke lm Kateng
g. Penambaban Medi•
h. Eausing
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encucian aleng
J.
Steritiasi
2. Sanitasi
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C. PEMBAHASAN
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1. Pemahaman Prduksi Bersih ..
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2. Kemungkinan Aplikasi Prduksi Bersih da Indusri Penalenan n
Ta
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si ................ .................. ...... ............ ... ......... ...... ......40
b. TeknologilProses
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3. Manajemen Penggunaan Air .................... ............ ...... ......... ........... 43
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4. Man.jemen Pengolaban Limbah
4.•. Mdiikasi AlaI
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4.b. Usaha aUf Ulang Limbah
5. Eneri
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5.1.1. Lisrik
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5 . 1. Anatisis Data
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53
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5.1.2. Bahan Bakar ...... ...... " . ... ...... ... '" ...... ...... ............ ....... 57
5 . 2. Peluang Penhematan n Konservasi energi ............ '" ...... ......... 5 8
5.2.1. Efisiensi Penggunaan Energi Listrik '.. ............ " . ... ............ 5 8
5.2.2. Eisiensi PenanEneri n r ......... ...... ... ........59
6. Analisis Finansial ......... ...... ...... " . ............ " . ............... ................ 60
6.1. Asumsi-asumsi ... ................. ......... . ' . '............... ' ......... .... ,.. 60
_
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6.2. Perhitungan Nilai Penghematan
6.3. Kaasitas Prduksi
"
.... ............... ...... " ....... ........... 61
...... ... ............ ... ............ ... ... ............ ... ... 61
6.3.1. Daur 1ang PenanLimbah Cair ...... ............ ............ 61
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6.4. Analia Biaya
... ...... ......... ... ........
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.. " . ......... ... '" ...... ......... 62
6.4.1. Biaya Investasi ......... ". ... ...... ... " . ... ........................ ....62
6.4.2. Biaya Produksi (Oerasi) .................. ..................... ... ....6 2
6.4.3. aan Nilai Penghemaan ......... ......... ...... ..................62
v. KESMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. ESMPUAN
B. SARAN
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65
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V. DAFTAR PUSTAKA .........................................................................6