The Usage of Indirect Speech Acts in a Book Entitled "Daily Conversation"

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The present writer thanks to the greatest creator, Allah S.W.T, who gives allgifts, blesses helps, and easiness to the present writer to write and to finish the report. However, the report would never be completed without the support of many people.The present writer wants to express the appreciation to:

1. Prof. Dr. H. Moh. Tadjuddin, MA, as The Dean of Faculty of Letters, for giving approval to conduct the Job Training

2. Dr. Juanda, as The Head of English Department; for approval all the documents that the present writer needs for the job training report

3. AsihPrihandini, S.S.,M.Hum., as The Coordinator of Job Training; thank you for your support

4. RetnoPurwani Sari, S.S.,M.Hum., as the present writer’s advisor, thank you for your guidance and valuable advices to accomplish the job training report. You are the best lecture mam

5. Mrs NungkiHeriyati, S.S., M.A., as guardian lecturer for the supports and advices

6. All BalaiBahasa Bandung staffs who gave the opportunity to the present writer to conduct job training there

Special thanks are also dedicated to the present writer’s family and close friends: 1. Beloved family, especially the present writer’s parents, Mr. AgusIrianto and

Mrs.YennySabarudin, thanks for all supports and spirits given to the present writer 2. All my friends, thanks for being good friends to share sadness and pain

CONTENTS

ABSTRACT iv

ABSTRAK v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi

CONTENTS vii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1Background the Topic 1

1.2Scope 2

1.3Objectives 2

1.4Significant to Knowledge 2

1.5The Framework of The Theory 3

1.6Research Method 4

1.7Place and Time 4

CHAPTER II: THE BUSINESS OF BALAI BAHASA 5

OF WEST JAVA PROVINCE

CHAPTER III: THE USAGE 6

OF INDIRECT SPEECH ACTSIN A BOOK ENTITLED “DAILY CONVERSATION”

CHAPTER IV: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 11

REFERENCES 13

APPENDICES 14

1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Topic

Speech acts, which is technical term in linguistics, is the acts of communication which is usually used to make request, asking questions, giving orders, making promises, giving thanks, offering apologizes. In this case, speech acts as an acts of communication gives an idea that a sequence actions perform in the utterance. Yule (1995: 48) suggests, “On any occasion, the action performed by producing an utterance will consists of three related acts; locution, illocution, and perlocution. The action of the utterance will consist of three related acts. Locutionary acts, illocutionary acts, and perlocutionary acts. In this case, the writer will discuss about illocutionary acts.

The reason why the present writer is interested in illocutionary acts in indirect speech actsis that the present writer is interested in the purposes contained in illocutionary acts. For example, when the speaker uses an interrogative sentence but actually the speaker means to give an orderand when the speaker wants to deliver the meaning of the utterance in polite way.Indirect speech acts is frequently used when the speakerdoes not want to embarrass the interlocutor.

Related to the topic under discussion, the scope covers:

1. What illocutionary is applied in utterance with indirect speech acts? 2. What is the aim of the usage of indirect speech acts?

1.3 Objectives

In line with Scope, the objectives of the research are:

1. To describe the illocutionaryapplied in utterance with the indirect speech acts.

2. To identify the aim of the usage of indirect speech acts.

1.4 Significant to Knowledge

The significant to knowledge of this report is to contribute a valuable benefit for students who manage themselves to increase their understanding in comprehending indirect speech acts, who learn the reason why people use indirect speech acts in their utterance, and who are eager to identify the real meaning of the indirect speech acts. The present writer expects this report will give a significant benefit. That in this report the speech act can be used to refuse politely and asking politely in order to avoid conflict in conversation.

3

The present writer uses the theories from J. L. Austin, Kent Bach, John R. Searle, and George Yule.Searle (n.d.: 178)describes indirect speech acts as follows:

“In indirect speech acts the speaker communicates to the hearer more than he actually says by way of relying on their mutually shared background information, both linguistic and nonlinguistic, together with the general powers of rationality and inference on the part of the hearer.”

The indirect speech act potentially leads tomisunderstanding in the conversation; the converser does not catch the idea. So, an account of such act, it follows, will require such things as an analysis of mutually shared background information about the conversation, as well as of rationality and linguistic conventions.

Linguistically, an utterance consists of three related action; locution, illocution, and perlocution (read also Yule, 1995: 48). Locutionary act may be defined as performance of an utterance; the performance of speech acts itself. For example, I am saying to you “Don’t go into the water!” Here the locutionay act covers distinct phonetics, syntactic and semantic features. Meanwhile, illocutionary acts is a term in linguistics introduced by the philosopher John L. Austin in his investigation of the various aspects of speech acts. For example, in uttering the locution, “Is there any salt?” at the dinner table, one may thereby perform the illocutionary act of requesting salt. In here, the indirect relation is performed between structure and function of locutionary acts. Finally, perlocutionary act, sometimes called perlocutionary effect, is a speech act, as viewed at the level of its psychological consequences, such as persuading,

convincing, scaring, enlightening, inspiring, or otherwise getting someone to do or realize something. When the participant of conservation understands the illocutionary acts of the utterance, he may meet the expectation.

In indirect speech acts, it is important for speakers to be knowledgeableon mutually shared background information.

1.6 Research Method

The present writer uses the analytic descriptive method in this report. According to Whitney (1960), “Analytic descriptive method is fact-finding with the proper interpretation. In that method, the present writer could compare the data and the case. Determining and analyzing are also used in this method”. The data taken from the book entitled ‘daily activity’.

1.7 Place and Time

This job training was held in BalaiBahasaProvinsiJawa Barat. It is located on Jl. Sumbawa No. 11, Bandung, West Java. The writer’s responsibility is to make a book in English about a daily conversation and it was started from 09.00 until 15.00 for two months 15th July until 16th September 2013.

5 CHAPTER II

BALAI BAHASA OF WEST JAVA PROVINCE

2.1 BalaiBahasaof West Java Province

BalaiBahasaof West Java Province is located at Jl. Sumbawa No. 11 ,

Bandung. It is a government institution which carries out the research, and

development of language and literature.

2.2 Job Position in BalaiBahasaof West Java Province

In BalaiBahasa, the present writer acted as an author for two months, and

was assigned to make a book about daily activity; that book will be printed.

Therefore, for two months, the present writer managed to make the book entitled

“DailyConversation” as the project of the job training.

2.3 Responsibility

During the job training in BalaiBahasaof West Java Province,the present

writer has responsibility to make a children book on daily conversation. After two

CHAPTER III

THE USAGE OF INDIRECT SPEECH ACTS IN A BOOK ENTITLED “DAILY CONVERSATION”

3.1 The Analysis of Indirect Speech Acts Searle(1969:42) mentions that:

“One difference is that the sounds or marks one makes in

the performance of an illocutionary act are

characteristically said to have meaning, and a second related difference is that one is characteristically said to mean something by the utterance of those sounds or marks”

The action is performed to convey a certain intention. In speech acts, the intention may be defined as illocutionary.

For illustrating the illocutionary and indirect speech-acts ideas, the data presented from the book, “Daily Conversation”, cover the phenomenon and the requirements. From the detailed analysis, it is noted that the speaker wantsto deal the conversationmore polite by conveying the meaning indirectly.. Unfortunately, the idea of politeness is not the only reason why people performed their ideas through indirect speech acts. The two data presented may cover the alternative idea of indirect speech acts.

7 Data 1:

Someday, Doni was trying to draw a horse, but he was not really good at it. So his drawing did not look like a horse.After he finished drawing he showed his picture to Wildan, but Wildan did not know what the object in the picture was because it was too strange to identify.

Doni : Hey wil, what’s up! Willy : Hey don, what’s up!

Doni : I have good news, you must want to know it. Willy : What is that, I’m curious.

Doni : I just realize that wildan never seen a horse before. Willy : Really? How could you state that?

Doni : This morning, I drew a horse and showed to wildan, and then he said ‘what the hell is that?’

Willy : Oh, never mind.

Analysis 1:

In the first conversation, Doniwas trying to draw a horse and showed it to Wildan. After that, he showed the picture to Wildan.Wildan was surprising and said “What the hell is that?” And Donithought that Wildan had never seen a horse, because the picture that Doni showed to Wildan was the picture of the horse. Then Doni said that Wildan hadnever seen a horse before to Willy. Willy was surprised. Then after doni told to Willy that Wildan had never seen a horse, Doni also showedthe picture that he made to Willy. After Willy known the picturethat

Wildan had seen is made by Doni, Willy said “Oh, never mind.” That is because Willy had already seen the picture that is made by Doni and it's so bad, that is not even looked like a horse.In the conversation above, it can be seen that the purpose of the conversation of Doni to Willy is to embarrass Wildan who had never seen a horse, thought Doni.The first conversation between Doni and Wildan is ‘indirect speech act’ when Wildan said ‘what the hell is that?’ It did not mean that Wildan did not know a horse. But the picture that was made by Doni was very strange and completely not like a horse. So, Wildan did not realize that it was a picture of a horse. Based on that conversation we know that Wildan wants to tell you that the picture that is made by Doni was very bad with a more polite way. The politeness is taken account to avoid a conflict that may be arisen in the conversation.

9

On a sunny Sunday, Ryan was watching his favorite TV shows. Then his brother came and stood in front of the TV.

Ryan: What are you doing? Rere: I'm calling for a while. Ryan: Oh, okay.

After five minutes

Ryan: should you call in the front of TV?

Analysis 2:

Based on the conversation in the data 2, it wasnoted that Ryan had just asked his sister to move out. Ryan did not want his sister standing in the front of the TV while he was watching it.That was because Ryan wanted to make his sisterrealized that her position was disturbing Ryan. Ryan did not use a declarative sentence but he used an interrogative sentence.That was because Ryan wanted to make his sister realize that she was disturbing Ryan. Then the indirect speech acts in the conversation above was done by Ryan, so that Ryan intention might be known by his sister.

In this sub chapter, thepresent writerexplains the problem that was faced during conducting the job training, and so the solutionof the problems. The problem happened when the present writer made theconversations, the present writer was confused when putting the context into the conversation. That problem could be solved by the presentwriter; by entering the context in the sentence that was made by the present writer.

11

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

4.1 Conclusions

From the discussion in the chapter three, the present writer gives a conclusion that: when there is a conversation between two persons and the one of person does not know what the other person means, it will make him shamed. To save his face, indirect speech acts, conducting indirect relationship between structure and function, is performed. This action will follow a certain illocution, for example persuading.

Concerning to the analysis of data, the illocution of indirect speech acts performed, are: (1) convincing others that the drawing illustrates a horse, and (2) getting the other participant, Rere, realize that the action is disturbing and, of course, move from in front of the tv. Otherwise, the aims of the actions are conducting politeness and minimalizing the conflict.

4.2 Suggestions

From this research, the present writer knows that this research is still too far from completeness. The present writer expects the readers for the next research may discuss about locutionary or perlocutionary on how the type of relationship may potentially effect on the perlocutionary. Therefore, it can help people who need the information about those types.

24

CURRICULUM VITAE

1. Student’s Profile

a. Name : Muhammad Fandryanto

b. Address : Aspol Pusdikmin POLRI Bandung

c. Place and date of birth : Bukittinggi, 11th, July 1992

d. Sex : Male

e. Religion : Islam

f. Phone : 085777750806

g. E-mail : mfandryanto@yahoo.com

2. Education Background

a. Formal Education

No. Year Institution

1 1998 – 2004 SDN GEDEBAGE

2 2004 – 2007 SMPN 51 BANDUNG

3 2007 – 2010 SMAN 1 BOJONGSOANG

b. Informal Education

No. Year Event Certified

1 2011 Feminist, Feminine and Text Seminar Yes

2 2011 Semiotics : Literature and Media Seminar and

Workshop

Yes

3 2011 Public Speaking Seminar Yes

4 2011 Copywriting Seminar and Workshop Yes

5 2012 English Contest Yes

6 2012 Talkshow “Kreatif Menulis, Rezeki Tak Akan

Habis” Bersama Raditya Dika

Yes

7 2012 Hari Sastra Yes

8 2012 English Literary Internal Training of

Education

Yes

9 2012 Character Building Training Yes

10 2013 Translation Workshop Yes

26

c. Competency

There are some competencies that the writer has, they are as follow:

• Good at English both oral and written.

• Operating Computer (Ms. Office, Adobe Photoshop, Macromedia,

Internet)

• Gaming

d. Organization and work experiences

No Year Organization

1 2010 – 2011 Member of FUNCO

2 2011 – 2012 Member of SADAYA UNIKOM

10

In this sub chapter, thepresent writerexplains the problem that was faced during conducting the job training, and so the solutionof the problems. The problem happened when the present writer made theconversations, the present writer was confused when putting the context into the conversation. That problem could be solved by the presentwriter; by entering the context in the sentence that was made by the present writer.

11 CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

4.1 Conclusions

From the discussion in the chapter three, the present writer gives a

conclusion that: when there is a conversation between two persons and the one of

person does not know what the other person means, it will make him shamed. To

save his face, indirect speech acts, conducting indirect relationship between

structure and function, is performed. This action will follow a certain illocution,

for example persuading.

Concerning to the analysis of data, the illocution of indirect speech acts

performed, are: (1) convincing others that the drawing illustrates a horse, and (2)

getting the other participant, Rere, realize that the action is disturbing and, of

course, move from in front of the tv. Otherwise, the aims of the actions are

12 4.2 Suggestions

From this research, the present writer knows that this research is still too

far from completeness. The present writer expects the readers for the next research

may discuss about locutionary or perlocutionary on how the type of relationship

may potentially effect on the perlocutionary. Therefore, it can help people who

24

CURRICULUM VITAE

1. Student’s Profile

a. Name : Muhammad Fandryanto

b. Address : Aspol Pusdikmin POLRI Bandung

c. Place and date of birth : Bukittinggi, 11th, July 1992

d. Sex : Male

e. Religion : Islam

f. Phone : 085777750806

g. E-mail : mfandryanto@yahoo.com

2. Education Background a. Formal Education

No. Year Institution

1 1998 – 2004 SDN GEDEBAGE

2 2004 – 2007 SMPN 51 BANDUNG

3 2007 – 2010 SMAN 1 BOJONGSOANG

25 b. Informal Education

No. Year Event Certified

1 2011 Feminist, Feminine and Text Seminar Yes

2 2011 Semiotics : Literature and Media Seminar and Workshop

Yes

3 2011 Public Speaking Seminar Yes

4 2011 Copywriting Seminar and Workshop Yes

5 2012 English Contest Yes

6 2012 Talkshow “Kreatif Menulis, Rezeki Tak Akan Habis” Bersama Raditya Dika

Yes

7 2012 Hari Sastra Yes

8 2012 English Literary Internal Training of Education

Yes

9 2012 Character Building Training Yes

10 2013 Translation Workshop Yes

26 c. Competency

There are some competencies that the writer has, they are as follow: • Good at English both oral and written.

• Operating Computer (Ms. Office, Adobe Photoshop, Macromedia, Internet)

• Gaming

d. Organization and work experiences

No Year Organization

1 2010 – 2011 Member of FUNCO

2 2011 – 2012 Member of SADAYA UNIKOM