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4. Theory of Psychology
This section is divided into two parts. The first part is the theory of motivation. The second part is the explanation of Hierarchy of Needs.
a. Motivation
This part will discuss the theory of motivation and is divided into two. The
first part is the definition of motivation. The second part is the types of motivation.
1 Definition of Motivation
Motivation is the need or reason for doing something. Deeply, Petri 1980 in her book Motivation, Theory and Research defines motivation as:
The concept we use when we describe the forces acting on or within an organism to initiate and direct behavior. The concept of motivation is also
used to explain differences in the intensity of behavior. More intense behaviors are considered to be the result of higher levels of motivation pp.
3-4.
Based on the definition above, it can be concluded that motivation is an action from inside of human being that forces them to do some behavior more intense.
Motivation is also part of human being’s behavior. Some experts have proposed that motivation is the result of physical
needs, such as food, water, sex, avoidance of pain, and so on. Motivation makes people keep struggling and keep them focus. They avoid themselves from failure
and losing their way to gain the goal. Motivation also leads people to action of a specific behavior that supports people in process to achieve their goal in life
Petri, 1980: 4. Beck 1978 states that motivation is generally considered to be some
kind of shifting, various and dynamic activi ty that emerges in a human being’s
13 life. Motivation leads people to doing something in certain strategies to achieve
what they want and gives influences on someone’s behavior in herhis life.
Consequently, being motivated, people will keep struggling in completing their goal in life. Motivation refers to factors within an individual person that active,
maintain, and direct behavior toward a certain goal in life p. 9. 2
Types of Motivation There are two types of motivation as explained by Huffman, Vernoy, and
Vernoy 2000. They are intrinsic and extrinsic motivation p. 377. Intrinsic motivation is the person
’s goal and a desire to act for his own purpose. This motivation comes from someone’s pleasure. He or she will do something that he
or she likes to do. While extrinsic motivation is a desire to act as a result of external rewards. It means that heshe does something to get reward and also get
satisfaction. Shehe does something because shehe should do it not because heshe loves it.
b. Hierarchy of Needs
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