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CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter presents the research methods applied in this research. This research used classroom action research with cycle model. The research area was
determined by purposive method based on some considerations explained more in this chapter. Shortly, this chapter covers research design, area determination method,
subject determination method, operational definition of the terms, data collection method, research procedure, and data analysis method. Each point is presented
respectively below.
3.1 Research Design
This research was intended to improve the students’ reading comprehension achievement of narrative text by using pictures in series. Therefore, the research
design used in this research was classroom action research. According to Elliot 1991:69 action research is the study of a social action which is conducted to improve
the quality of action within it. Specifically, McMillan 1992:12 states that classroom action research is a type of applied research to solve a specific problem in the
classroom and make a decision at single local site. In conducting this research, the researcher collaborated with the English
teacher of class X2 at SMAN Rambipuji, Jember. The collaboration was focused on identifying the students’ problems in reading comprehension, carrying out the action,
doing observation and evaluation, and reflecting the action. The action research was conducted in cycle that had four stages of activities, namely 1 planning of the action,
2 the implementation of the action, 3 the classroom observation and evaluation 4 the reflection of the action Lewin, 1980 in Elliot, 1991:70. They should be
conducted in each cycle. The design of this classroom action research was illustrated in the following diagram.
The Model of the Classroom Action Research
Adapted from Lewin, in Elliot, 1991:70
The process consisted of activities which were done collaboratively with the English teacher. Those activities were as follows.
1. Interviewing the English teacher in order to get the first-hand information related to the students’ problems in reading comprehension, the teaching and learning
process, and the media and material used to teach reading comprehension.
Preliminary Study
1. Interviewing the English teacher.
2. Doing class observation.
3. Fact finding of the classroom’
problems. 4. Determining the
action.
Implementing:
1. Teaching reading using
pictures in series.
2. Doing class observation.
3. Administering reading test.
Planning the Action:
1. Preparing the materials.
2. Constructing the lesson plan.
3. Preparing observation guide.
4. Determining the criteria of success.
The results achieved the
research target Revising some aspects
which made the cycle I failed
Reflecting:
1. Analysis 2. Reflection
3. Evaluation The results did not
achieve the research target
Doing cycle 2 to know the consistency of the
result
2. Doing class observation to know the class situation while the teaching learning process of reading comprehension was in progress.
3. Obtaining the document about the names of respondents and their previous reading test score.
4. Finding out the problems to be investigated. 5. Finding out the appropriate action to solve the students’ problem in reading
comprehension. 6. Preparing the materials, constructing lesson plans for the first cycle meeting 1 and
meeting 2, constructing reading test and constructing observation checklist. 7. Implementing the action in the first cycle, that was teaching reading using pictures
in series. In meeting 1 cycle I the researcher taught the students and the English teacher became the observer. In meeting 2 cycle I the English teacher taught the
students while the researcher was as the observer. 8. Administering a reading comprehension test.
9. Analyzing the result of observation followed by analyzing the result of the students’ reading test statistically.
10. Reflecting the result of data analysis and drawing conclusion to answer the research problem. If the results of the first cycle had not achieved the research
target, the second cycle was conducted by revising some aspects. Then, if the results of the first cycle had achieved the research target, the second cycle was also
done to see the consistency of the results.
3.2 Area Determination Method
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