Meeting of the student representatives
One student from each group discussion will invited to discuss the block activities with members of the block planners every Saturday, in block-coordinator’s room.
Meeting of the facilitators The meeting between block planners and facilitators will take every Saturday after meeting
of the student representatives, in block-coordinator’s room.
Assessment in this thema consists of: SGD
: 5 Paper review article : 15
Final examinations : 80.
Final exam will be carried out on Monday, 29
th
November 2015. There will be 100 questions consisting mostly of Multiple Choice Questions MCQ and some other types of
questions. The minimal passing score for the assessment is 70. The requirement for taking the final exam:
- join 75 of total student activities - uniform: white shirt, black trouserskirt, shoes
- bring student ID card with photo - be present 15 minute before examination starting time
Other than the examination score, your performance and attitude during group discussions will be considered in the calculation of your average final score.
Udayana University Departement of Medicine Education, DME
14
10. ASSESSMENT METHOD MEETING OF THE STUDENT REPRESENTATIVES AND
MEETING OF THE FACILITATORS
1.
The hormone action
The endocrine system uses hormones to convey information between different tissues. Hormones derive from the major classes of biologic molecules, this can be proteins
including glycoproteins, peptides or peptide derivatives, amino acid analogs, or lipids. Endocrine hormones are part of a large complement of small intercellular signaling
molecules.
The system of internal hormone secretion is subject to complex regulatory mechanisms that govern receptor activity and hormone synthesis, release, transport,
metabolism, and delivery to the target cells. Hormones bind specifically to hormone receptors and translate the signal into biologic activity. The receptors can be expressed on
the cell surface or within the cell.
Hormone response is regulated by hormone concentration. This in turn is governed by hormone production, efficiency of delivery and metabolism. The classic disorders of the
endocrine system arise from state of excess or deficiency of hormones, however resistance to hormones also play a role. Disorders of the endocrine system will discuss in each part of
the gland.
2. Pituitary gland and hypothalamus
The pituitary gland lies on the base of the skull in a portion of the sphenoid bone called the sella tursica. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland form a unit which exerts control over the
function of several endocrine glands: thyroid, adrenal, and gonads, as well as a wide range physiologic activities. This unit constitutes a paradigm of neuroendocrinology: brain-
endocrine interactions.
The hypothalamic hormones can be divided into those secreted into hyppophysial portal blood vessels and those secreted by the neurohypophysis directly into the general
circulation. The hypophysiotropic hormones regulate the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones, include growth hormone-releasing hormone GHRH, thyrotropin-releasing
hormone TRH, corticotrophin-releasing hormone CRH, and gonadotropoin-releasing hormone GnRH. The six major anterior pituitary hormones are adrenocorticotropic
hormone ACTH, growth hormone GH, prolactin PRL, TSH, LH, and FSH. The posterior pituitary hormones are antidiuretic hormone ADH and oxytocin.
Hypothalamic and pituitary lesions present with a variety of manifestations, including pituitary hyper- and hyposecretion, sellar enlargement, and visual loss.
PRL hypersecretion is the most common endocrine abnormality due to hypothalamic-pituitary disorders, and PRL is the hormone most commonly secreted in
excess by pituitary adenoma. GH-secreting adenomas are second in frequency to prolactinoma and cause the classic syndromes of acromegaly and gigantism.
The major effect of ADH is to increase the water permeability of the luminal membrane of the collecting duct in the kidney. Diabetes insipidus is a disorder resulting from
deficient ADH action and is characterized by the passage of amounts of very dilute urine.
3. Pancreas and Diabetes mellitus
