ERRORS ON SPEECH PRODUCTION MADE BY THE FIRST AND THE THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION Errors On Speech Production Made By The First And The Third Semester Students Of English Education Department Of Uii In Speaking Class For Academic Year 20

ERRORS ON SPEECH PRODUCTION MADE BY THE FIRST AND THE
THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF UII IN SPEAKING CLASS
FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017

THESIS
Submitted to the Department of Language Studies,
Graduate School of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of Master of Education

By:
AKHADIYATUS SHOLIHAH.TS
S200150013

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE STUDIES
GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2017

i

NOTE OF ADVISOR I

Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum
Lecturer of Magister of Language Study Post Graduate Program Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta

Officially Note of Akhadiyatus Sholihah.TS’s Thesis
Dear,
The Director of Graduate Program of Magister of Language Study of Post
Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Assalamualikum, Wr. Wb.
Having read, examined, corrected, and necessary revised the thesis of:
Name

: Akhadiyatus Sholihah.TS

NIM

: S200150013

Program

: Magister of Language Study

Focus on

: Teaching Approaches

Title
: ERRORS ON SPEECH PRODUCTION MADE BY THE
FIRST AND THE THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF UII IN SPEAKING CLASS FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017
I state that this thesis is approved to be examined by the board of examiners in the
Magister of Language Study of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Wassalamualaikum, Wr.Wb.
Surakarta, January 17, 2017
First advisor

Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum

ii

NOTE OF ADVISOR II

Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D.
Lecturer of Magister of Language Study Post Graduate Program Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta

Officially Note of Akhadiyatus Sholihah.TS’s Thesis
Dear,
The Director of Graduate Program of Magister of Language Study of Post
Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Assalamualikum, Wr. Wb.
Having read, examined, corrected, and necessary revised the thesis of:
Name

: Akhadiyatus Sholihah.TS

NIM

: S200150013

Program

: Magister of Language Study

Focus on

: Teaching Approaches

Title
: ERRORS ON SPEECH PRODUCTION MADE BY THE
FIRST AND THE THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF UII IN SPEAKING CLASS FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017
I state that this thesis is approved to be examined by the board of examiners in the
Magister of Language Study of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Wassalamualaikum, Wr.Wb.

Surakarta, January 17, 2017
Second advisor

Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D.

iii

iv

DECLARATION

I am of the writer of the thesis
Name

: Akhadiyatus Sholihah.TS

NIM

: S200150013

Program

: Magister of Language Study

Focus on

: Teaching Approaches

Title
: ERRORS ON SPEECH PRODUCTION MADE BY THE
FIRST AND THE THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF UII IN SPEAKING CLASS FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017
Certify that this thesis is definitely my own work. I am completely responsible
for its content. I absolutely state that this thesis is no plagiarism or made by
someone else. The other works related to this thesis have been written in the form
of quotation. The sources of this thesis have been listed in the bibliography.

Surakarta, January 17, 2017

Akhadiyatus Sholihah.TS

v

MOTTO

َ ‫ال ِْع ْل ُم بِ اَ اع ام ٍل اكال‬
‫ش اج ِر بِ اَ ثا ام ٍر‬

Knowledge without good deeds is just a
fruitless tree

vi

DEDICATION
This research is dedicated to:
My lovely daddy: H. Trimo Fahrudiono, S.Ag.
&
My lovely Mom: Hj. Siti Hidayati
Whom I respect My lovely daddy and Mom

Through love, patience, and full of optimism in educating me and leading me until
the end of my study in demanding the science in Magister of Language Study
Program, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Gratitude that priceless,
always flows in my lip. The difficulties that I have found never emerge in front of
me, because of your love and your attention that make me stand up to meet the
future to be better.
Allāhummagfirlī ẓunūbī waliwālidaiyyā warḥam
humā kamā rabbayānī ṣagīrah

vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, the researcher wants to say Alhamdulillahi Robbil’alamin,
many thanks to Allah SWT, the Almighty the researcher has been able to
complete this thesis and only with his blessing this thesis can be accomplished.
The researcher is sure that this thesis will not be complete without the help
of the other. The researcher would like to express the deepest appreciation for all
those who have given their hands to finish my thesis. My thanks go to following
persons:

1. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH, M.Hum, as the rector of Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta
2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, as the head of language study program
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
3. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum, the first consultant and Mauly Halwat H.,
Ph.D, the second consultant that have vacated a lot of time to guide me writing
the thesis until the end of the process. “Thanks for your sincere, patience in
guiding me”.
4. Abah and Umi as the source of my support and strength that never lose from
me until the end of making this thesis.
5. Ani Susilawati, M.Hum and Erni Zuliana, M.Pd.I as my oldest sisters and my
lovely youngest sister Malikatun Hasanatil Marwah, thanks for supporting me,
and advising me.
6. All of families that have supported me to finish this thesis.
7. All of friends of Magister Language Study Program (Syakuri, Yafi, Tyas,
Harsiti, Hestu, Dita, Putri, Aini and Hukma), never lose from my mind about
our buffetings that we have crossed. Thank for giving me solution and

viii

motivation, and also all of various side that cannot be told one by one by the
writer.
Finally, the researcher realizes that this research is still far from being
perfect. Therefore, any criticism and suggestion for the improvement of this
thesis will be warmly welcomed.

Surakarta, January 17, 2017
The writer

Akhadiyatus Sholihah.TS
S200150013

ix

TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE ........................................................................................................... i
NOTE OF ADVISOR I ........................................................................................... ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR II ........................................................................................ iii
APPROVAL .......................................................................................................... iv
DECLARATION .....................................................................................................v

MOTTO ................................................................................................................. vi
DEDICATION ...................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .........................................................................................x
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... xii
LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................ xiv
LIST OF CODE .....................................................................................................xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.

Background of the Study........................................................................1
Limitation of the Study ..........................................................................7
Research Problems ................................................................................7
Objective of the Study............................................................................7
Significance of the Study ......................................................................8
Research Paper Organization .................................................................8

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Previous Study .....................................................................................10
B. Underlying Theory ...............................................................................36
C. Theoretical Framework .......................................................................54
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of the Study .................................................................................57
B. Subject and Object of the Study ...........................................................57

x

C.
D.
E.
F.

Data and Data source ...........................................................................57
Technique for Collecting Data .............................................................58
Technique for Analyzing Data .............................................................59
Validity of the Data ..............................................................................61

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Findings ...............................................................................63
B. Discussion of the Findings ...................................................................99
CHAPTER V
A. Conclusion .........................................................................................110
B. Pedagogical Implication .....................................................................114
C. Suggestion ..........................................................................................115
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX

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ERRORS ON SPEECH PRODUCTION MADE BY THE FIRST AND THE
THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF UII IN SPEAKING CLASS FOR ACADEMIC YEAR
2016/2017
AKHADIYATUS SHOLIHAH.TS
S200150013
Language Post Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Email: akhadiyatussholihah.teil@gmail.com
Abstract
This study describes errors on speech production made by the first and the third
semester students of English Education Department of UII in speaking class for academic
year 2016/2017. The aims of this research are to describe the types of errors and
frequency, the dominant error, the similarities and differences, and the error sources made
by the first and the third semester students. This is qualitative research study. In
collecting the data, the researcher collects the audio recording, listens and makes the
script from the audio recording, read the script and identifies the data, selects the data,
and classifies the type of speech error. In analyzing the data, the researcher uses the
theory of Clark and Clark and Dulay, Burt, and Krashen (1982), and James (1998). The
result indicates that the total errors are 294 which contains of speech error 80.61%,
morphological error 7.82% and syntactical errors 11.56% which is made by the first
semester students and The total errors are 322 which contains of speech error 95.05%,
morphological error 2.79% and syntactical errors 2.17% made by the third semester
students. The dominant error of the first semester is silent pause, while filled pause is the
dominant error made by the third semester students. The similarities of errors are silent
pause, filled pause, repeats, unretraced false, retraced false, stutter, interjection, slip of
tongue, word selection, omission of bound morpheme s-es plural, omission of –ing, and
addition of –ing. The error differences made by the first and the third semester students
are in the correction, switching to L1, omission of be as auxiliary verb, of omission of
article, addition of be as auxiliary verb, misordering of noun phrase and misordering of
modal have to. The error sources are cognitive reason and situational anxiety.
Keywords: Errors, Speech Production, Speech Error, Morphological Error, Syntactical
Error.

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Abstrak
Penelitian ini menjelaskan kesalahan pada produksi pidato yang dibuat oleh
mahasiswa semester I dan mahasiswa semester III jurusan pendidikan bahasa Inggris di
UII di kelas speaking tahun akademik 2016/2017. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk
menggambarkan jenis kesalahan dan frekuensi, dominan, persamaan dan perbedaan, dan
sumber-sumber kesalahan yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa semester I dan mahasiswa
semester III. Penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Dalam pengumpulan data, peneliti
mengumpulkan rekaman audio, mendengarkan dan membuat script dari rekaman audio,
membaca naskah dan mengidentifikasi data, memilih data, dan mengklasifikasikan jenis
kesalahan pidato. Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti menggunakan teori Clark dan Clark
dan Dulay, Burt, dan Krashen (1982), dan James (1998). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa total kesalahan 294 yang mengandung kesalahan pidato 80,61%, morfologi error
7,82% dan kesalahan sintaksis 11,56% yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa semester I dan total
kesalahan yang 322 yang mengandung kesalahan pidato 95,05%, kesalahan morfologi
2,79% dan kesalahan sintaksis 2,17% dibuat oleh mahasiswa semester III. Kesalahan
dominan dari semester I adalah jeda diam, sementara jeda isi adalah dominan kesalahan
yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa semester III. Kesamaan kesalahannya adalah jeda diam, jeda
isi, pengulangan, unretraced palsu, menelusuri palsu, gagap, kata seru, keseleo lidah,
pilihan kata, kelalaian terikat morfem s-es jamak, kelalaian -ing, dan penambahan -ing.
Perbedaan kesalahan yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa semester I dan mahasiswa semester III
adalah koreksi, beralih ke L1, penghilangan kata kerja be sebagai kata kerja auxiliary,
pengurangan article, penambahan kata kerja be sebagai kata kerja auxiliary, misordering
dari frase kata benda dan misordering dari modal have to. Sumber kesalahannya adalah
kesulitan kognitif dan keadaan cemas.
Kata Kunci: Kesalahan, Produksi Pengucapan, Kesalahan Pengucapan, Kesalahan
Morfologi, Kesalahan Sintaksis.

xiii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1. The Differences between Previous Studies and Current Study ..................... 18
Table 4.1. The Frequency of Errors on Speech Production Made by the First
Semester Students of English Education Department of UII......................... 82
Table 4.2. The Rank of the Data Errors From the Highest to the Lowest ...................... 84
Table 4.3

The Frequency of Errors on Speech Production Made by the Third
Semester Students of English Education Department of UII......................... 85

Table 4.4. The Rank of the Data Errors from the Highest to the Lowest ....................... 86
Table 4.5. The Results Errors between First and Third Semester Students .................... 87
Table 4.6

The Differences and Similarities of Types of Errors between the First
Semester and the Third Semester ................................................................. 93

Table 4.7. Source of Errors in Speech Production Made by the First and the Third
Semester Students .......................................................................................... 97

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LIST OF CODES

D1SMT3: Data 1 semester 3
D4SMT3: Data 4 semester 3
D3SMT1: Data 3 semester 1
SMT : Semester
SP

: Silent pause

Fp

: Filled pause

Rpt

: Repeat

Uf

: Unretraced false

Rfs

: Retraced false

Cor

: Corrections

Str

: Stutter

Itj

: Interjection

Sot

: Slip of tongue

Eiws

: Error in word selection

Oobm : Omission of bound morpheme
Ootb

: Omission of to be

Atb

: Addition of to be

Ooing : Omission of ing
Aing

: Addition of ing

Oa

: Omission of article

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