v
TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstrak i
Abstract ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Content v
List of Table viii
List of Figure ix
List Abbreviations x
1.0 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Project title 1
1.2 Background of project
1 1.3
Problem Statement 3
1.4 Objective of the Study
4 1.5
Scope of the Study 4
1.6 Chapter outline
5
2.0 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 7
2.1 Vibration
7 2.1.1 Measurement
7 2.1.2 Direction
8 2.1.3 Displacement, velocity and acceleration
9 2.1.4 Magnitude
9 2.1.5 Frequency
10 2.1.6 Parameters are used for exposure assessment
11 2.1.7 Whole body responses to vibration and shocks
12
vi 2.2
Health risks, signs and symptoms 13
2.2.1 Effect of whole body vibration on the human body 13
2.2.2 Lower back pain and back, shoulder or neck disorders 13
2.3 Tool equipment for calculating daily exposure
15 2.3.1 Hardware
15 2.3.2 Software
16 2.3.3 Daily exposure nomogram
16 2.3.4 Daily exposure graph
17 2.3.5 Exposure points system
17 2.4
Daily exposure worked 18
2.4.1 Daily exposure: A8 where there is just one task 18
2.4.2 Daily exposure: A8 where there more than one task 19
2.4.3 Daily exposure: VDV where there is just one task 21
2.4.4 Daily exposure: VDV where there more than one task 22
2.4.5 Daily exposure: A8 using the exposure points system 23
2.4.5.1 If have acceleration value in ms
2
23 2.4.5.2 If have points per hour data
23 2.5
Standard 24
2.5.1 International 24
2.5.2 EU Directive 24
3.0 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
25
3.1 Background methodology
25 3.2
Introduction 27
3.3 Literature review
27 3.4
Whole body vibration at work 28
3.4.1 Risk assessment basic 29
3.4.2 Assessing daily exposure 31
3.4.2.1 Exposure duration 31
3.4.2.2 Vibration magnitude 32
vii 3.4.2.3Daily exposure calculation
37
4.0 CHAPTER 4 : RESULT AND DISCUSSION 38
4.1 Result from questionnaire
38 4.2
Result measurement data 40
4.2.1 Data from stamping machine 80 ton 41
4.2.2 Data from stamping machine 250 ton 47
4.3 Discussion comparison between result and NIOSH
51
5.0 CHAPTER 5: PREVENTION SUGGESTION 54
