Chapter 2
Stakeholders
2.1 Types of Stakeholders
The number and types of stakeholders is changing with the changing Arctic cli- mate and environment. Being more ice free during summers allows increased
vessel traffic following new routes, increased surveying and research work, in- creased exploration work, or increased tourism among other things. With the
generally increasing human activity, chances of disasters and emergencies also increase, making first responders a key user group of an SDI for the Arctic. At
the same time, the Arctic is home of indigenous people who should be consid- ered key stakeholders on indigenous peoples see also Appendix
F .
There are multiple, orthogonal ways to describe relevant stakeholders in the context of an SDI for the Arctic. Here, we have differentiated the range of stake-
holders into five classes. The stakeholders summarized under each class often have some level of influence on each other, illustrated by the circular arrows
10
Chapter 2. Stakeholders
11 connecting the classes as illustrated in figure
2.1 . The classes are not mutually
exclusive, and many organizations or individuals are members of more than one class. The wide class of end-users includes all consumers of products pro-
vided by the other classes such as e.g. data and services, products in the form of reports and statistics, policies and regulations etc. The second class aggregates
all data producers or creators, data providers, data brokers, and value added re-sellers
. This large group is of particular relevance for this pilot, as it is re- sponsible for one of the main goods of the Arctic SDI, the data. The third group
covers data processors such as GIS or mapping experts. These experts create products such as analyses, reports, statistics, or maps using data provided by
the previous group. The fourth group is somewhat orthogonal to the previ- ous three. The hardware, storage- and computing service providers provide
the necessary infrastructure for data exchange and processing. The last group again is orthogonal to the ones described before. Policy makers lay out the
necessary rules and guidelines for a successful operation and governance of an Arctic SDI.
F
IGURE
2.1: Types of Stakeholders
The stakeholders classified in one or many of these five classes come from a wide range of organizations. An already long, though still non-exclusive, list is
provided in table 2.1
.
Chapter 2. Stakeholders
12
Stakeholders
Federal, state, provincial, local, or territorial governments Indigenous peoples governments and organizations
Arctic Council and related boards and groups Co-management boards
Land and water boards Land use planners and surveyors
Non-Governmental Organizations NGOs Councils such as Arctic Council or Inuit Circumpolar Council
Standards Developing Organizations Software developers
Native corporations Oil and gas or mining companies
Utility companiesorganizations Shipping and cruise ship companies
Fishing companies Port managers and harbormasters
Insurance companies Search and rescue officials
Researchers from various fields such as climate, conservation Archaeology, marine, hydrology, ecology, and geological science
Academic and educational institutions K-12 programs
Mapping and GIS experts Diplomatic and national security officials
T
ABLE
2.1: Overview of the Arctic Data Stakeholders
A number of organizations from this long list has been identified as potential collaboration partners for the Arctic Spatial Data Pilot or have been emphasized
by responders to the ArcticSDP RFI as particularly relevant. Still, the ArcticSDP welcomes any organization or individual willing to support the goals and ob-
jectives of this pilot. These include:
• Indigenous agencies, Metis, Inuit, First Nations • Organizations such as Government of Nunavut, Nunavut Geoscience,
Nunavut Planning Commission, Nunavut Impact Review Board, Nunavut water board, and Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated and Regional Inuit
Associations, and other organizations to ensure the full engagement with Arctic Indigenous Peoples as emphasized by the recent Arctic Observing
Summit ISAC,
2016 .
Chapter 2. Stakeholders
13 • Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, Department of Natural Resources
Canada, Canadian Space Agency, Canadian Circumpolar Institute • US Geological Survey USGS, Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC,
and the US National Aeronautical and Space Agency NASA • Arctic Regional Hydrographic Commission working group on Arctic Ma-
rine Spatial Data Infrastructure • International Arctic Science The Arctic Data Committee ADC of the In-
ternational Arctic Science Committee IASC, Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks SAON, and the Arctic Portal.
• International Antarctic Science The Standing Committee on Antarctic
Data Management SCADM of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Re- search SCAR; and the Southern Ocean Observing System SOOS.
• International Cryosphere Science Climate and Cryosphere CliC • International Polar Operations The International Ice Charting Working
Group IICWG and Polar View Earth Observation. • United States The National Snow and Ice Data Center NSIDC, the In-
teragency Arctic Research Policy Committee IARPC Arctic Data Coor- dination Team, the Alaska Data Integration Working Group ADIwg, the
NSF-funded Antarctic and Arctic Data Consortium a2dc, the Arctic Re- search Mapping Application, the Arctic Observing Viewer, and the Bar-
row Area Information Database.
• Canada Polar Knowledge Canada, the Canadian Cryospheric Informa- tion Network CCIN, the Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre
at Carleton University, Polar Data Catalog, and the Canadian Consortium for Arctic Data Interoperability CCADI.
• Europe EU-PolarNet and the European Space Agency ESA. • Asia Japans National Institute of Polar Research NIPR
• Canadian Consortium for Arctic Data Interoperability A list of individuals that can help facilitate contact and engagement of a number
of organizations is provided in Annex A
.
Chapter 2. Stakeholders
14
2.2 Business needs of Stakeholders