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in this context it means a geisha’s financial patron; with whom she is involved emotionally, sexually and economically. The relationship between a geisha and
her danna starts when a man proposes himself as the geisha’s danna and then hold a ceremony as ‘husband and wife’ in a teahouse. When a man becomes a
geisha’s danna, he has many obligations toward the geisha and her okiya. The man is obliged to pay the geisha’s debt to the okiya, pay her schooling and cover
her expenses of make up, kimono, jeweleries or even apartment. Perkins stated that Japanese social customs differentiate between wives,
who were dutiful mothers and home managers, and women who provided sensual pleasures. Men are not stigmatized for seeing prostitutes, unless they fall in love
and neglect their family duties. Geisha are not considered as a threat to marriages in the Japanese culture. Actually, the relationship between a man and his geisha is
not based on love and is not meant to disturb the man’s marriage and family. Generally, a wife knows who her husband’s geisha is, and in fact, during the
Obon Festival and New Year’s celebration, a geisha will visit the house of the important customers and bring presents for the wife 58-59.
C. Theoretical Framework
The writer uses three theories and a review of Japanese culture to answer the problem formulation in this study. The theory of critical approach is used to find
an appropriate approach to analyze the novel Memoirs of a Geisha, which is PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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socio-cultural approach. The theory of character and characterization are used to describe Nitta Sayuri’s type of character and Nitta Sayuri’s character traits in the
novel. In addition, a review on Japanese culture is used to help the writer in describing Nitta Sayuri’s life as a geisha that influence her character traits and the
implementation of gimu in her life. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methodology that is used in the study. This chapter is divided into three parts. The first part is the subject matter of the study.
The second part is the approach that is used to do the study. The third part is the procedure of doing the study. The subject matter discusses the content of the
novel and the focus of the analysis. Then in the approach, the writer discusses the approach that is used and applied to analyze the study. Last, the writer discusses
the procedure that focuses on the procedures of gathering data and arranging the data in writing this thesis.
A. Subject Matter
As the subject of the study, the writer chose Golden’s novel Memoirs of a Geisha. This novel was first published by Chato and Windus in Great Britain in
1997. In fact, this novel has been published for several times. In 1998, Vintage Books published this novel in London. The Second Vintage Contemporaries
Edition was published by Vintage Books in August 2000. The novel has also been translated into more than 21 languages. The edition that is used in this study is an
edition that was published by Vintage books in 1998. The copy right was the year of 1997 by Arthur Golden.
Arthur Golden’s
Memoirs of a Geisha consists of 453 pages, which is divided into 35 chapters. The central character in this novel is Nitta Sayuri, an
25 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
