2. Theory of Conflict
According to Holman and Harmon in A Handbook to Literature, conflict is the struggle that grows out of the interplay of the two opposing focus in the plot
1986: 107. They also state that conflicts may occur in various situations as described below.
a. A struggle against nature
It presents the character‘s struggle when they deal with the natural forces
such as hurricane, flood, storm, earthquake, tornado, landslide and etc. b.
A struggle against another person It presents the
character‘s struggle when they deal with another character. c.
A struggle against society It presents the character‘s struggle when they deal with a society‘s value
systems. d.
A struggle against fate or destiny It presents the
character‘s struggle when they deal with their creator, God. It shows the struggle of the character when they try to change their own fate or
destiny. Stanton in An Introduction to Fiction divides conflict in to two, internal
and external conflict. a.
Internal Conflict This kind of conflict is identified by the term Man vs. Himself. It takes
place inside the protagonist, meaning that heshe is arguing with himselfherself. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
He spends the entire story arguing with himself about what to do before something finally happens that forces him to make a decision.
b. External Conflict
This conflict is happens when the protagonist has trouble and conflict against the others characters. The protagonist is opposed by another character.
Frequently he fights with a single person or more than one 1965: 16.
3. Theory of Message
An Introduction to the Study of Literature book which was written by
Henry Hudson states that a good message is a message that discloses new a large possibility they do not realize, most writers would try to tell and to show those
possibilities by using their work. A good messages does not tend to follow general pattern or norm but it creates new pattern based on human values 1958: 23
According to Beaty and Hunter, in their book New Worlds of Literature, a
message is defined as the real meaning or some easy conclusion that can be simply stated or summarized inside a work of art 1989: 899. Therefore, message
can be said as the whole idea of the work of art. The other theory of message comes from Sinclair which said that:
Messages is something important in the story, message can evaluate us for better life. Message is defined as an idea that someone tries to
communicate to people. It is also the meaning, thought or idea that is intended to express Sinclair, 1956: 490.
From the quotation above, message can be defined as a tool for the reader to understand about the meaning of life. It makes the reader to appreciate life
because life only comes once and it will be not repeated again. Therefore, it makes us a better person who can solve problems wisely.
C. Theoretical Framework
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