11 ii is psychoanalysis study. So, psychology has a deeply correlation to literature.
It helps us to get a deeply analysis and understanding to literary works.
2.4 The Definition of Emotion
Emotion is clearly one of the most vitally important phenomena to study psychology. Etymologically, the word emotion is a composite formed from two
Latin Words exout, outward + movement, action, gesture. This classical formation refers to the immediate nature of emotion as experienced by all,
indeed living organism. In psychology and common use, emotion is an aspect of a person’s
mental state of being, normally based in or tied to the person internal physical and external social sensory feeling. Love, hate, courage, fear, joy, sadness,
pleasure, and disgust can all be described in both psychological and physiological terms. Emotion is the realm where thought and psychology arc
inextricably entwined and where the ‘self’ is inseparable from our individual perceptions of value and judgment toward our selves and others. Emotion is
sometimes regarded as the antithesis of reason; as is suggested by phrases such as appeal to emotion or don’t let you emotions take over. It must be recognized
that emotional reaction often produce internal state and cognitive streams undesirable to the individual feeling, which shehe may control but often cannot,
or at least produce consequences or thoughts which shehe may later regret or disagree with, but during the emotional state could not control with hisher other
12 principles. Thus one of the most distinctive and perhaps challenging facts about
human being is the potential for both opposition and entanglement between will, emotion, and reason.
Much of what is said about emotions, as well as the history of what has been said about them, is conditioned by culture and even politics. That is to say
specific emotional responses, as well as a group’s interpretation of their significance, may be influenced by cultural norms of propriety, For instance,
love hate, and the desire for vengeance are treated very differently in differing societies. This methodological relativity is entirely different from the question
of emotions, whether emotions are universal or are culturally determined. Many researchers would agree that a vast proportion of human behavior, no matter
how close to the lowest biological substrates - including sexual behavior, food consumption, feeling in response to psychological changes and responses to
environmental conditions - are conditioned based on social surroundings and non-human environmental factors. Thus, it is not difficult to defend the position
that emotion is, to a high degree dependent on social phenomena, expectations, norms, and conditioned behavior of the group in which and individual lives.
Clearly, then, the influence of politics, religion, and socio-culture customs can be easily traced or hypothesized, or perhaps not. Among many pertinent
examples: behaviors or activities considered highly cruel in some societies may
13 in fact provoke responses of enjoyment in others; or, sexual acts considered
highly desirable in some cultures world provoke shame or disgust in other. http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiEmotion
. As a part of psychology, emotion is regarded as feeling to our
experiences in life. Parkinson gives definition of emotion. He defines emotion as a relatively short-term, evaluative state focused on a particular intentional
object a person, an event, or a state of affairs. It consists of anger, fear, love, and hate Parkinson and Colman, 1995: 19.
According to “The Encyclopedia of Knowledge” 1993: 22, emotions are biopsychological reactions of an individual to important events in his or her
life. These reactions involve special kinds of feeling, widespread psychological changes, impulses to action, and sometimes overt behavior.
Crider and friends add that the meaning of emotion is categorized into the three meaning. Those meaning are a characteristic of feeling or subjective
experience, a pattern of psychological arousal, and a pattern of overt expression Crider, Goethas, Kavanaugh, Solomon, 1983: 144.
Emotion is the basic instruments of survival and adaptation. They give someone motive power to live, to move, and to strive that is essential in
individual survival, in maintain of community, and in the development of cii1ization. So, in general, emotion is aroused when a person or animal regards
something as good or bad. They also help organized experienced, direct and
14 sustain action, and communicate action. They signal that something important is
happening. An emotion needs not to be aroused by something in the outside world. Emotion can arise from biological, sensory, or cognitive sources of
person. The Encyclopedia Americana International 1997: 309 gives the
following description of emotion: “An emotion can be described as a person’s acute of relatively short-life
reaction that is revealed in his behavior as well as felt in his conscious experience. An emotion is accompanied by widespread changes n
psychological functioning — increased pulse and breathing rates, for examples. An emotion is usually initiated as reaction to factors outside the
individual circumstances in his environment”.
Everyone has emotion. And it is very important in our lives. Actually people think of emotion as feeling which is experienced. They may experience
specific feelings or emotions. Emotion is a strong feeling state; such as excitement, distress, happiness,
sadness, love, hate fear, or anger arising subjectively and directed toward a specific object, with psychological and behavioral components.
It is also supported by Davidoff’s description that defines an emotion as seemingly spontaneous and uncontrollable internal state characterized by
subjective feelings and psychological arousal, which guide expressive gestures and subsequent behavior Davidoff 1983: 307.
15 Emotion or feeling is a part of consciousness. Philosophers define
feeling as the emotional effect that any mental or physical activity produced upon reason A person might feel good or bad about something and the feeling
might be pleasant or unpleasant. The term feeling is commonly used to mean experiencing’, believing, or touching.
Furthermore, Lazarus as quoted by Parkinson 1995: 6 characterized emotion based on the different evaluation of the situation; there are positive
emotions and negative emotions. Positive emotions such as happiness, pride and love are associated with primary appraisals that the situation is beneficial to
personal concerns, whereas negative emotions such as anger, fear, and sadness suggest that the situation is being appraised as detrimental to the individual.
In general, emotion is another word feeling. Some common emotions are anger, fear, love, grief, jealousy, hurt, disappointed and joy. We may have these
feelings or emotions in response to things that there are going on at the moment or when we remember something that happened in the past. Frequently, we also
experience psychological changes, such as feeling hot; having or beet faster; changes in our breathing; knotting in our stomach; etc when we feel emotions.
The description emotion above gives clearer explanation about the dimension as the stream of psychological study. And from the categorizing of
emotion will be focus only love that is concluded as the beneficial to personal concerns.
16
2.5 The Description of Love
