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Table 3. Derivatives of “tembang”
No. Affix + word
derivative
1 n- + tembang
nembang 2
ma- + tembang matembang
3 ka- + tembang
katembang 4
pa- + tembang patembang
5 pi- + tembang
pitembang 6
sa- + tembang satembang
7 a- + tembang
atembang 8
pra- + tembang pratembang
9 pari- + tembang
paritembang 10
pati- + tembang patitembang
11 maka- + tembang
makatembang 12
saka- + tembang sakatembang
13 kuma- + tembang
kumatembang 14
-um- + tembang tumembang
15 -in- + tembang
tinembang 16
-el- + tembang telembang
17 -er- + tembang
terembang 18
-a + tembang tembanga
19 -ang + tembang
tembangang 20
-in + tembang tembangin
21 -an + tembang
tembangan 22
-e + tembang tembange
23 -ne + tembang
tembangne 24
-n + tembang tembangn
25 -ing + tembang
tembanging 26
pa-an + tembang patembangan
27 ma-an + tembang
matembangan 28
ka-an + tembang katembangan
29 bra-an + tembang
bratembangan 30
n-ang + tembang nembangang
31 n-in + tembang
nembangin 32
ka-ang + tembang katembangang
33 ka-in + tembang
katembangin 34
ma-ang + tembang matembangang
35 ma-in + tembang
matembangin 36
pa-in + tembang patembangin
37 pa-ang + tembang
patembangang The administrator can choose the appropriate words from the derivatives by checking
the checkbox on the right side of the system. The administrator can enter information of each selected words to be added to the Balinese word data dictionary in database. This
process is done one by one for each selected word. This process will be discussed in the next section. Figure 8 shows the trials of morphological process that occur in the
application server.
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Figure 8. The Trials of Morphological Process on Application Server 4.2. Process of Adding the Word Translation
Derivatives which are generated in the morphological process can be selected the appropriate words. Administrator further can insert the information of each selected word
such as types of the word, Rasa Bahasa in Balinese, and the translation of the word in Indonesian. This process can be illustrated in a flowchart in Figure 9.
Figure 9. Process of Inserting the Word Information Data
Derivative along with informations given are stored in the ‘tb_kamusindobali’
table of database system. This data plays an important role on the translation process. By inserting the translation and other information of these words, the
Balinese word dictionary data in ‘tb_kamusindobali’ table will increase. These
additions make a changes to the database server which must be communicated to the client application. The information update is sent to the client application through
the web server Manajemen Update Module by the administrator, so that the client can download the update. This process on the client application is also managed by
Hasil pembentukan kata
Start Start
Selected Derivatives
derivative Selected
Derivatives derivative
j ß number of derivatives
i ß 1
j ß number of derivatives
i ß 1
i = j i = j
DR ß derivative[i]
DR ß derivative[i]
Save DR and its translation on
tb_kamusindobali Save DR and its
translation on tb_kamusindobali
DR and its translation
DR and its translation
i ß i + 1
i ß i + 1
End End
T Word type, Rasa
Bahasa, Translation of DR in Indonesia
Word type, Rasa Bahasa, Translation
of DR in Indonesia F
Integer : i, j String : DR
Array of String : derivative Integer : i, j
String : DR Array of String : derivative
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Manajemen Update Module on this side. Thus, the database on the client application and server application will always be the same.
4.3. Implementation of Binary Search Methods on Translation Process
Implementation of binary search method occurs in the database system. Structure of the database system is designed in order to manage the searching process of data can be
executed using Binary Search method. The structure of the database system consists of several tables that play a role in the translation process. The data stored in the tables on
database plays a central role in the translation process.
Figure 10. The Translation Process with a Binary Search Method
Figure 10 shows the flow of the translation process that occurs in the system. Stored data in the database tables plays a central role in the translation process. The translation
process generally begins with reading the user input and split it into word per word. Each word is then searched its translation in database system according to the target language is
selected by the user. The words of the translation result are then combined to produce a translation accordance to input.
Input word is matched with a list of words in ‘kata_bali’ column of ‘tb_katabali’ table
before it is searched for its translation on ‘tb_kamusindobali’ table. Searching process of
input word in this table is not based on rowid. Indexes are created in order to help this process can be done by Binary Search method.
Start Start
Balinese Text BT, Target
Language TL Balinese Text
BT, Target Language TL
word ß split BT into word
word ß split BT into word
i = j i = j
W ß word[i]
W ß word[i]
IDB ß select id_katabali
of W in tb_katabali using binary search
IDB ß select id_katabali
of W in tb_katabali using binary search
i ß i + 1
i ß i + 1
End End
T F
Integer : i, j,IDB,k,m String : BT, TL, W, result
Array of String : word, output Array of Integer : IDI
Integer : i, j,IDB,k,m String : BT, TL, W, result
Array of String : word, output Array of Integer : IDI
i ß 1
j ß number of word
i ß 1
j ß number of word
IDI ß select id_kataindo
of IDB from tb_kamusindobali
IDI ß select id_kataindo
of IDB from tb_kamusindobali
IDB found IDB found
output ß W
output ß W
TL = Indonesian
TL = Indonesian
output ß select
kata_indo of IDI[0] from tb_kataindo
output ß select
kata_indo of IDI[0] from tb_kataindo
X X
k = m k = m
IDB ß select id_katabali
of IDI[k] with TL in tb_kamusindobali
IDB ß select id_katabali
of IDI[k] with TL in tb_kamusindobali
T k
ß 1 m
ß number of IDI k
ß 1 m
ß number of IDI
IDB found? IDB found?
T k
ß k+1 k
ß k+1 output
ß select kata_bali of IDB from tb_katabali
output ß select kata_bali
of IDB from tb_katabali y
y output
ß W output
ß W
F F
T
F T
F Result
ß join all outputs Result
ß join all outputs Show result
Show result
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The structure of the database system consists of several indexes. Index is created in order to make the search of data that is not based on rowid in the translation process can
be done with Binary Search method. O ne of index that is created named ‘idx_katabali’.
This index contains data of ‘kata_bali’ column which is taken from the ‘tb_katabali’ table. Figure 11 shows an illustration of the search process of input word in
‘tb_katabali’ table with the help of
‘idx_katabali’ index. The search is conducted with input in the form of the word “gede”.
kata_bali rowid
aben 5
ageng 1
agung 2
gede 3
taluh 4
rowid id_katabali
id_jeniskata kata_bali
1 1
3 ageng
2 2
3 agung
3 3
3 gede
4 10
1 taluh
5 13
1 aben
Figure 11. Word Searching on Index using Binary Search
kata_bali column contains data of Balinese words which plays an important role in the translation process. Input word are matched with the data in this column to find its ID in
id_katabali column and the ID of its word type in id_jeniskata column. These data are then used to find the translation of the input word in the tb_kamusindobali table. Several
other indexes are also made to make the further searching process is still being done by Binary Search method until it produce the translation result.
4.4. System Trials
Translator mode on the client application can receive input from user in the form of word, combination of words phrases, sentences, paragraphs or text in Balinese.
Translation process occur in this mode generally begins with reading the user input and split it becomes word per word. Each word is matched by words that are stored in the
database. Then the matched word is searched the translation in Balinese word dictionary according to the selected target language. Searching results of each word then combined
into sentences or paragraphs according to user input and then displayed as a result of the translation. The process of matching and searches performed to the data in the database is
done with Binary Search methods. Blue words on the translation result are the words that are successfully translated by the system and can be clicked to see the options of
alternative words. The alternative word is another word that is also become the translation of the word that is entered by user.
Explicit relationship that connect sense of the word helps explore the word translation by navigating lexical relations [9]. The application has an alternative words feature where
user can view other alternative words which are also the translation result of the inputted word. This option words can be viewed by clicking on the blue word of the translation
result. The example is when use r translates the sentence “Meme miara bebek” into
Indonesian then the translation result is “Ibu memelihara itik”. The words of the
translation result coloured blue can be clicked to see whether the alternative words are available or not. The word
“itik” as the translation of the word “bebek” in the example case has the other alternative word that is
“bebek” which can be viewed by clicking on the
word “itik” as shown in Figure 12.