Overview 459 5.2 Part Organization 460 Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
6.1 Overview 547 6.2 Part Organization 551
CHAPTER 22 Initial-Value Problems 553 22.1 Overview 555 22.2 Euler’s Method 555 22.3 Improvements of Euler’s Method 561 22.4 Runge-Kutta Methods 567 22.5 Systems of Equations 572 22.6 Case Study: Predator-Prey Models and Chaos 578 Problems 583 CHAPTER 23 Adaptive Methods and Stiff Systems 588 23.1 Adaptive Runge-Kutta Methods 588 23.2 Multistep Methods 597 23.3 Stiffness 601 23.4 MATLAB Application: Bungee Jumper with Cord 607 23.5 Case Study: Pliny’s Intermittent Fountain 608 Problems 613 CHAPTER 24 Boundary-Value Problems 616 24.1 Introduction and Background 617 24.2 The Shooting Method 621 24.3 Finite-Difference Methods 628 Problems 635 APPENDIX A: MATLAB BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS 641 APPENDIX B: MATLAB M-FILE FUNCTIONS 643 BIBLIOGRAPHY 644 INDEX 646 CONTENTS xi McGraw-Hill Digital Offerings Include: McGraw-Hill Create™ Craft your teaching resources to match the way you teach With McGraw-Hill Create™, www.mcgrawhillcreate.com, you can easily rearrange chapters, combine material from other content sources, and quickly upload content you have written like your course syllabus or teaching notes. Find the content you need in Create by searching through thou- sands of leading McGraw-Hill textbooks. Arrange your book to fit your teaching style. Create even allows you to personalize your book’s appearance by selecting the cover and adding your name, school, and course information. Order a Create book and you’ll receive a complimentary print review copy in 3–5 business days or a complimentary electronic review copy eComp via email in minutes. Go to www.mcgrawhillcreate.com today and register to experience how McGraw-Hill Create™ empowers you to teach your students your way. McGraw-Hill Higher Education and Blackboard Have Teamed Up Blackboard, the Web-based course-management system, has partnered with McGraw-Hill to better allow students and faculty to use online materials and activities to complement face-to-face teaching. Blackboard features exciting social learning and teaching tools that foster more logical, visually impactful and active learning opportunities for students. You’ll transform your closed-door classrooms into communities where students remain connected to their educational experience 24 hours a day. This partnership allows you and your students access to McGraw-Hill’s Create™ right from within your Blackboard course—all with one single sign-on. McGraw-Hill and Blackboard can now offer you easy access to industry leading technology and content, whether your campus hosts it, or we do. Be sure to ask your local McGraw-Hill represen- tative for details. Electronic Textbook Options This text is offered through CourseSmart for both instructors and students. CourseSmart is an online resource where students can purchase the complete text online at almost half the cost of a traditional text. Purchasing the eTextbook allows students to take advantage of CourseSmart’s web tools for learning, which include full text search, notes and highlight- ing, and email tools for sharing notes between classmates. To learn more about CourseSmart options, contact your sales representative or visit www.CourseSmart.com.Parts
» Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» Motivation 1 1.2 Part Organization 2 Overview 123 2.2 Part Organization 124
» Overview 205 3.2 Part Organization 207 Overview 321 4.2 Part Organization 323
» Overview 459 5.2 Part Organization 460 Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» New Chapters. Overview 547 6.2 Part Organization 551
» New Content. Overview 547 6.2 Part Organization 551
» New Homework Problems. Overview 547 6.2 Part Organization 551
» Numerical methods greatly expand the
» Numerical methods allow you to use
» PART ORGANIZATION Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» CONSERVATION LAWS IN ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
» NUMERICAL METHODS COVERED IN THIS BOOK
» CASE STUDY IT’S A REAL DRAG CASE STUDY continued
» CASE STUDY continued Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» Use calculus to verify that Eq. 1.9 is a solution of
» Use calculus to solve Eq. 1 for the case where the ini-
» The following information is available for a bank account:
» Rather than the nonlinear relationship of Eq. 1.7, you
» For the free-falling bungee jumper with linear drag
» For the second-order drag model Eq. 1.8, compute the
» The amount of a uniformly distributed radioactive con-
» A storage tank Fig. P contains a liquid at depth y
» For the same storage tank described in Prob. 1.9, sup-
» Apply the conservation of volume see Prob. 1.9 to sim-
» THE MATLAB ENVIRONMENT ASSIGNMENT
» MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» GRAPHICS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» OTHER RESOURCES Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» CASE STUDY EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS CASE STUDY continued
» Manning’s equation can be used to compute the veloc-
» It is general practice in engineering and science that
» You contact the jumpers used to generate the data in
» Figure Pa shows a uniform beam subject to a lin-
» M-FILES Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» INPUT-OUTPUT Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» NESTING AND INDENTATION Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» PASSING FUNCTIONS TO M-FILES
» CASE STUDY BUNGEE JUMPER VELOCITY CASE STUDY continued
» Economic formulas are available to compute annual
» Two distances are required to specify the location of a
» Develop an M-file to determine polar coordinates as
» Develop an M-file function that is passed a numeric
» Manning’s equation can be used to compute the velocity
» The volume V of liquid in a hollow horizontal cylinder of
» Develop a vectorized version of the following code:
» Based on Example 3.6, develop a script to produce an
» ERRORS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» Digital computers have magnitude and precision limits on their ability to represent
» Arithmetic Manipulations of Computer Numbers
» TRUNCATION ERRORS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» TOTAL NUMERICAL ERROR Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» BLUNDERS, MODEL ERRORS, AND DATA UNCERTAINTY
» a Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» OVERVIEW Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» ROOTS IN ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
» GRAPHICAL METHODS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» BRACKETING METHODS AND INITIAL GUESSES
» BISECTION Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» FALSE POSITION Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» CASE STUDY GREENHOUSE GASES AND RAINWATER CASE STUDY continued
» Locate the first nontrivial root of sinx = x
» Determine the positive real root of lnx
» A total charge Q is uniformly distributed around a ring-
» For fluid flow in pipes, friction is described by a di-
» Perform the same computation as in Prob. 5.22, but for
» SIMPLE FIXED-POINT ITERATION Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» NEWTON-RAPHSON Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» SECANT METHODS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» BRENT’S METHOD Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» MATLAB FUNCTION: Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» POLYNOMIALS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» CASE STUDY PIPE FRICTION CASE STUDY continued
» CASE STUDY continued CASE STUDY continued
» Use a fixed-point iteration and b the Newton-
» Use a the Newton-Raphson method and b the modi-
» Develop an M-file for the secant method. Along with
» Develop an M-file for the modified secant method.
» Differentiate Eq. E6.4.1 to get Eq. E6.4.2. a
» Perform the identical MATLAB operations as those
» In control systems analysis, transfer functions are
» Use the Newton-Raphson method to find the root of Given a
» INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» MULTIDIMENSIONAL OPTIMIZATION Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» CASE STUDY EQUILIBRIUM AND MINIMUM POTENTIAL ENERGY
» Employ the following methods to find the minimum of
» Consider the following function:
» Develop a single script to a generate contour and
» The head of a groundwater aquifer is described in
» Recent interest in competitive and recreational cycling
» The normal distribution is a bell-shaped curve defined by
» Use the Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» Given the following function:
» The specific growth rate of a yeast that produces an
» A compound A will be converted into B in a stirred
» Develop an M-file to locate a minimum with the
» Develop an M-file to implement parabolic interpola-
» Pressure measurements are taken at certain points
» The trajectory of a ball can be computed with
» The deflection of a uniform beam subject to a linearly
» The torque transmitted to an induction motor is a func-
» The length of the longest ladder that can negotiate
» MATRIX ALGEBRA OVERVIEW Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» SOLVING LINEAR ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS WITH MATLAB
» CASE STUDY CURRENTS AND VOLTAGES IN CIRCUITS CASE STUDY continued
» Five reactors linked by pipes are shown in Fig. P.
» SOLVING SMALL NUMBERS OF EQUATIONS
» MATLAB M-file: Operation Counting
» PIVOTING Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» TRIDIAGONAL SYSTEMS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» CASE STUDY MODEL OF A HEATED ROD CASE STUDY continued
» Given the system of equations
» Given the equations Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» An electrical engineer supervises the production of three
» Develop an M-file function based on Fig. 9.5 to im-
» GAUSS ELIMINATION AS LU FACTORIZATION
» CHOLESKY FACTORIZATION Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» MATLAB LEFT DIVISION Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» Use Cholesky factorization to determine [U] so that THE MATRIX INVERSE
» Norms and Condition Number in MATLAB
» CASE STUDY INDOOR AIR POLLUTION CASE STUDY continued
» Determine the matrix inverse for the system described
» Determine A Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» Determine the Frobenius and row-sum norms for the
» Use MATLAB to determine the spectral condition num-
» Besides the Hilbert matrix, there are other matrices
» Use MATLAB to determine the spectral condition
» Repeat Prob. 11.10, but for the case of a six-
» The Lower Colorado River consists of a series of four a
» A chemical constituent flows between three reactors a
» LINEAR SYSTEMS: GAUSS-SEIDEL Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» NONLINEAR SYSTEMS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» CASE STUDY CHEMICAL REACTIONS
» Use the Gauss-Seidel method to solve the following
» Repeat Prob. 12.3 but use Jacobi iteration.
» The following system of equations is designed to de-
» Solve the following system using three iterations with a
» MATHEMATICAL BACKGROUND Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» PHYSICAL BACKGROUND Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» THE POWER METHOD Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» CASE STUDY EIGENVALUES AND EARTHQUAKES CASE STUDY continued
» Repeat Example but for three masses with the m’s =
» Use the power method to determine the highest eigen-
» Use the power method to determine the lowest eigen-
» Derive the set of differential equations for a three
» Consider the mass-spring system in Fig. P. The fre-
» STATISTICS REVIEW Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» RANDOM NUMBERS AND SIMULATION
» LINEAR LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» LINEARIZATION OF NONLINEAR RELATIONSHIPS
» COMPUTER APPLICATIONS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» CASE STUDY continued CASE STUDY continued CASE STUDY continued
» Using the same approach as was employed to derive
» Beyond the examples in Fig. 14.13, there are other
» The concentration of E. coli bacteria in a swimming
» Rather than using the base-e exponential model
» Determine an equation to predict metabolism rate as a
» On average, the surface area A of human beings is
» 2.12 2.15 2.20 2.22 2.23 2.26 2.30 Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» An investigator has reported the data tabulated below
» Develop an M-file function to compute descriptive
» Modify the Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» Develop an M-file function to fit a power model.
» Below are data taken from a batch reactor of bacterial
» A transportation engineering study was conducted to
» In water-resources engineering, the sizing of reser-
» Perform the same computation as in Example 14.3,
» POLYNOMIAL REGRESSION Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» GENERAL LINEAR LEAST SQUARES
» QR FACTORIZATION AND THE BACKSLASH OPERATOR
» NONLINEAR REGRESSION Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» CASE STUDY FITTING EXPERIMENTAL DATA CASE STUDY continued
» Fit a parabola to the data from Table 14.1. Determine
» Fit a cubic polynomial to the following data:
» Use multiple linear regression to derive a predictive
» As compared with the models from Probs. 15.5 and
» Use multiple linear regression to fit
» The following data were collected for the steady flow
» In Prob. 14.8 we used transformations to linearize
» Enzymatic reactions are used extensively to charac-
» The following data represent the bacterial growth in a
» Dynamic viscosity of water μ10
» Use the following set of pressure-volume data to find
» Environmental scientists and engineers dealing with
» It is known that the data tabulated below can be mod-
» hr Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» CURVE FITTING WITH SINUSOIDAL FUNCTIONS
» CONTINUOUS FOURIER SERIES Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» FOURIER INTEGRAL AND TRANSFORM
» DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM DFT
» THE POWER SPECTRUM Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» CASE STUDY SUNSPOTS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» The pH in a reactor varies sinusoidally over the course
» The solar radiation for Tucson, Arizona, has been tab-
» Use MATLAB to generate 64 points from the function
» INTRODUCTION TO INTERPOLATION Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» NEWTON INTERPOLATING POLYNOMIAL Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» LAGRANGE INTERPOLATING POLYNOMIAL Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» INVERSE INTERPOLATION Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» EXTRAPOLATION AND OSCILLATIONS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» Given the data Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» Use the portion of the given steam table for super-
» The following data for the density of nitrogen gas ver-
» Ohm’s law states that the voltage drop V across an
» The acceleration due to gravity at an altitude y above
» INTRODUCTION TO SPLINES Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» LINEAR SPLINES Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» CUBIC SPLINES Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» PIECEWISE INTERPOLATION IN MATLAB
» MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTERPOLATION Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» CASE STUDY HEAT TRANSFER CASE STUDY continued
» A reactor is thermally stratified as in the following
» The following is the built-in
» Develop a plot of a cubic spline fit of the following
» The following data define the sea-level concentra- a
» NEWTON-COTES FORMULAS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» THE TRAPEZOIDAL RULE Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» SIMPSON’S RULES Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» HIGHER-ORDER NEWTON-COTES FORMULAS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» INTEGRATION WITH UNEQUAL SEGMENTS
» OPEN METHODS MULTIPLE INTEGRALS
» CASE STUDY COMPUTING WORK WITH NUMERICAL INTEGRATION CASE STUDY continued CASE STUDY continued
» Derive Eq. 19.4 by integrating Eq. 19.3. Evaluate the following integral:
» INTRODUCTION Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» ROMBERG INTEGRATION Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» GAUSS QUADRATURE Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» MATLAB Functions: If the error is larger than the tolerance,
» CASE STUDY ROOT-MEAN-SQUARE CURRENT CASE STUDY continued
» Evaluate the following integral a analytically,
» Evaluate the following integral with a Romberg inte-
» Evaluate the double integral Compute work as described in Sec. 19.9, but use the
» Suppose that the current through a resistor is de-
» km 1100 1500 2450 3400 3630 4500 km 5380 6060 6280 6380 Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» HIGH-ACCURACY DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» RICHARDSON EXTRAPOLATION Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» DERIVATIVES OF UNEQUALLY SPACED DATA
» DERIVATIVES AND INTEGRALS FOR DATA WITH ERRORS
» PARTIAL DERIVATIVES Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION WITH MATLAB
» CASE STUDY VISUALIZING FIELDS CASE STUDY continued
» Develop an M-file to obtain first-derivative estimates
» Develop an M-file function that computes first and
» A jet fighter’s position on an aircraft carrier’s runway
» Use the following data to find the velocity and accel-
» A plane is being tracked by radar, and data are taken
» Use regression to estimate the acceleration at each
» The normal distribution is defined as
» The following data were generated from the normal Use the
» The objective of this problem is to compare second-
» The pressure gradient for laminar flow through a con-
» The following data for the specific heat of benzene
» The specific heat at constant pressure c
» OVERVIEW IMPROVEMENTS OF EULER’S METHOD
» RUNGE-KUTTA METHODS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» CASE STUDY PREDATOR-PREY MODELS AND CHAOS
» Develop an M-file to solve a single ODE with Heun’s
» Develop an M-file to solve a single ODE with the
» Develop an M-file to solve a system of ODEs with
» Isle Royale National Park is a 210-square-mile archi-
» The motion of a damped spring-mass system
» Perform the same simulations as in Section 22.6 for ADAPTIVE RUNGE-KUTTA METHODS
» MULTISTEP METHODS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» STIFFNESS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» MATLAB APPLICATION: BUNGEE JUMPER WITH CORD
» CASE STUDY PLINY’S INTERMITTENT FOUNTAIN CASE STUDY continued
» Given Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» THE SHOOTING METHOD Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHODS Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB fo
» A cable is hanging from two supports at A and B
» In Prob. 24.16, the basic differential equation of the
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