Thesis statement: Women’s double shift in the paid
describe or explain layouts, geographic relationships, or connections between objects or parts of a system. Listeners find it natural to think in terms of left to
right, top to bottom, north to south, and back to front. Spatial patterns can be used to structure both informative and persuasive
speeches. Student speakers have successfully used spatial patterns to inform listeners about the relationships between components of nuclear reactors, the
layout of a new library, and the four levels of forest vegetation. In persuasive speeches, students have relied on spatial patterns to argue that solar energy is
sufficient to heat homes, that urban sprawl is increasing in the United States, and that global climate change will have devastating effects on the Antarctic,
Africa, and Asia.
Thesis: Our campus includes spaces for learning, socializing, and living. Main Point 1: At the center of our campus are the classroom buildings.
Main Point 2: Surrounding the classroom buildings are places for students to eat and socialize.
b. Husbands’ reasons for not doing more work in the home are that they are tired after work, they
dont feel men should do many home chores, and their wives dont expect them to help out more.
3. Working wives tend to do more homemaking and child care chores, regardless of which spouse earns
more in the job outside the home. a. Consider Jeremy and Nancy. She earns 65 of
the familys income, and she does 80 of the child care and home chores.
b. Sociologist Arlie Hochschild found that 2 out of 10 husbands in two-worker families do 50 of
the work involved in homemaking and child care.
Transition: Now that we’ve seen what the double shift is,
let’s consider its effects. B. The double shift harms women’s health and creates
marital stress. 1. The double shift harms womens physical and
psychological health. a. Research shows that women who work outside of
the home and do most of the homemaking and child care suffer sleep deprivation, reduced
immunity to infections, and increased susceptibility to illnesses.
b. A recent study by the American Medical Association found that working women who do
the majority of homework are more stressed, depressed, and anxious.
2. The double shift also erodes marital satisfaction. a. Women resent husbands who dont contribute
a fair share to home life.
FIGURE 16.1
A Formal Outline Continued
Continued