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CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter discusses about the methods applied in this research. It includes Research Design, Area Determination Method, Research Subjects
Determination Method, Data Collection Method, and Research Procedure.
3.1 Research Design
This research is intended to improve grade VIII-C students’ reading comprehension achievement at MTs N Arjasa by using Cooperative Learning
technique: Numbered Heads Together NHT Technique. The best research design of this research is Classroom Action Research CAR because it is applying to
solve the reading comprehension problems faced by the students. Elliot 1991:69 states that an action research is the study of a social situation, with a view to
improve the quality of the action. Further, McMillan 1992:69 defines that a classroom action research is a type of applied research that their purpose is to
solve a specific classroom problem or make decision at a single local site. In other words, Classroom Action Research CAR is an appropriate research design that
has a function to solve the problems faced by the students and the teacher in the classroom.
In this research design, the researcher worked collaboratively with the English teacher of MTs N Arjasa. The collaboration of the researcher and the
English teacher had functions in finding and defining four steps in each cycle. There were 1 planning of the action, 2 implementation of the action, 3
observation, and 4 data analysis and reflection of the action. In this research, each cycle delivered two meetings fist meeting and
second meeting. The cycle would be continued if the result of teaching reading comprehension by using Numbered Heads Together Technique had not achieved
the standard mean score in this research 75 or higher.
25 The design of the research presented in the following diagram:
Diagram 3.1 The Design of The Classroom Action Research
Adapted from Lewin, 1980, in Elliot, 1991:70
The illustrations of the diagram above are explained in the following procedures. 1. Interviewing the English teacher of MTs N Arjasa to identify and find the
research problem as the preliminary study. Then, observing the class when the English teacher conducting the reading class.
2. Finding out the school document that is used as supporting data The names of the research subject, the students’ scores in the last English daily test, and the
English curriculum and Syllabus. 3. Planning the action constructing the lesson plans meeting 1 and meeting 2
for the first cycle and a reading test which is done collaboratively with Mrs. Irnawati S, Pd as the English teacher.
Preliminary study
• Interview
• Fact finding initial problem
identification •
Problem Identification The results have
not achieve the research target
Revising some necessary aspects
which made Cycle 1 failed to achieve the
research goal
Implementing of the action
• Teaching Reading by
using NHT Technique •
Observing
Planning of the action
• Constructing lesson plan
• Preparing the test
• Preparing the observation
checklist and the interview guide
Analysis and Reflection
• Cycle stopped
• Reporting the
result The results achieve the
target of the research
26 4. Implementing the first cycle that is teaching reading comprehension
achievement by using NHT Technique done by the researcher. 5. Observing the classroom activity based on the observation checklist done by
the English teacher while the researcher implementing the action in the first cycle.
6. Determining the criteria of success of this research 7. Administering a reading comprehension test to the research subjects after the
action of the first cycle is done it was done on the third meeting. 8. Analyzing the observation results and the reading comprehension test’ result
in the first cycle quantitatively and decide the scores in the score levels, then describing the results qualitatively.
9. Reflecting the results of the first cycle observation and the reading test done by the researcher and the English teacher through discussion and feedback.
10. If the result of the action in cycle 1 achieves the research target, the researcher stopped the action, but if the action of the first cycle could not full fill the
criteria of success in this research, the action would be continued to the next cycle by revising some aspect that makes the 1 cycle fail.
3.2 Area Determination Method
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