THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANIMATION FILM ON STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY AT NARRATIVE TEXT OF THE EIGHT GRADE OF SMPN 11 MALANG

ii

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANIMATION FILM ON

STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY AT NARRATIVE TEXT OF

THE EIGHT GRADE OF SMPN 11 MALANG

THESIS

By:

ANJARI SHOLIHAH

201110100311271

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

i

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANIMATION FILM ON

STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY AT NARRATIVE TEXT OF

THE EIGHTH GRADE OF SMPN 11 MALANG

THESIS

By:

Anjari Sholihah 201110100311271

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

i

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANIMATION FILM ON

STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY AT NARRATIVE TEXT OF

THE EIGHTH GRADE OF SMPN 11 MALANG

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve

Sarjana Degree in English Education

By:

Anjari Sholihah 201110100311271

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

ii

iii

This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang and accepted as

one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education on September 2, 2015

Approved by:

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang

iv

ORIGINALITY DECLARATION

The undersigned:

Name : AnjariSholihah Student ID number : 201110100311271 Program of Study : English Department

Faculty : Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

I declare that the work presented in this thesis was carried out by myself and does not incorporate without acknowledgement any material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge this thesis does not contain any material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in text.

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MOTTO AND DEDICATION

“The Best Human is Who Has Benefit for the Human”

(Hr.Bukhori Muslim)

“Kegagalanhanyaterjadibilakitamenyerah”

DEDICATION:

This research is dedicated for:  My lovely Allah SWT and prophet Muhammad SAW who always guides and gives strength for me.  My beloved mother Siti Maryam and father AhsinAshari also my only brother Afif Abdul Fatah AA. Thanks for all support, trust, finance and encouragement.  Thanks to my sweet friends, Santi, Alifiyanti, Wiwin, and Ariesta for your love and support.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamu’alaikumWr.Wb.

In the name of Allah, the most Merciful, the lord of universe, because of Him, the researcher could finish this graduating paper as one of the requirement for SarjanaPendidikan degree in English Department of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang 2015.

Peace and salutation are always sent to the Prophet Muhammad SAW who was brought us from the Jahilliyah era to Islamic era.

The researcher realize that this final project with title “The Effectiveness

of Animation Film on Students’ Writing Ability at Narrative Text of the Eighth Grade of SMPN 11 Malang”, would not have come to its final without generous

help, support, advices and prayers of others. Many people have helped and contributed their ideas and time in completing this final project and it would be impossible to mention all of them. However I would like to express my sincerest gratitude and appreciation to:

1. Dr. Masduki, M.Pd and Drs. Mas’udi, M.Ed who have been very helpful, kind in giving advises, ideas, and gave valuable time during the process of this thesis writing.

2. All of lecturers in English Department of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education. Thanks for all guidance, knowledge, support, and etc.

3. Ibu Tri SusetyoRahayu who have been very helpful during my research. 4. SMPN 11 Malang which help the process of conducting this research

vii

5. My beloved family, my father and my mother also my brother thanks for all.

6. Thanks for my friends Santi, Alifiyanti, Wiwin, and Ariesta for all love and support.

viii

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANIMATION FILM ON STUDENTS’

WRITING ABILITY AT NARRATIVE TEXT OF THE EIGHT GRADE OF SMPN 11 MALANG

ABSTRACT

This research was investigated to know the significant effect of students’

score of using animation film on writing narrative text of the eighth grade of

SMPN 11 Malang. It was conducted based on the fact that students’ writing score

were lower than standard minimum of the school and also students found difficulties in understanding the material easily. The researcher tried to presents animation film in teaching writing especially in narrative text. It was because animation film made students fun and enjoyable in teaching and learning process. This research used Quasi-experimental design to investigate whether or

not animation film could improve students’ writing ability in narrative text. In

experimental research, the class was divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group was given treatment using animation film and control group taught without animation film. The population of this research was all students of the eighth grade of SMPN 11 Malang which consisted of 8 classes. The researcher took 2 classes as the sample of this research, 8C and 8D which 8C consisted of 30 students as the experimental group and 8D which consisted of 29 students as the control group. The ability both of classes were equal in pre-test. The instrument of this research in collected data used pre-test and post-test.

T-test computation is used to analyze the data using SPSS 16 versions of windows. The result of T-test computation found that value was 4.217 and t-table with level of significant 5% with df 57 was 2.00, and the significant value was found .000. Since t-value was more than t-table, the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. Significant value .000 was less than .05, it meant null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. It meant, Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and teaching

writing narrative text by using animation film improved the students’ writing

ability at narrative text of the eighth grade of SMPN 11 Malang.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL ... ii

LEGALIZATION ... iii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vi

ABSTRACT ... viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ix

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of The Study ... 1

1.2. Statement of Problems ... 5

1.3. Purposes of Study ... 5

1.4. Hypothesis ... 1.5.Significance of the Research ……….. 6

1.6. Scope and Limitation ... 7

1.7. Definition of Key Terms ... 7

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1.The Definition of Writing ... 9

2.2.The Importance of Writing ... 11

2.3.Writing Narrative Text ... 12

2.3.1.The Generic Structure of Narrative Text ... 13

2.3.2.Language Features of Narrative Text ……… 16

2.4. Animation Film ... 16

2.5. The Advantages of Animation Film in Teaching Writing ……... 17

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1.Research Design ... 20

3.2. Variable of Research ... 21

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3.4. Data Collection …………... 22

3.5. Research Instrument ………... ... 23

3.6.Treatment ………. 24

3.6.1. The Activities of Experimental Group ……….. 25

3.6.2. The Activities of Control Group ………... 27

3.7.Data Analysis ... 29

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1.Research Findings ... 30

4.1.1 The Pre-test Result of Experimental Group ... 30

4.1.2 The Post-test Result of Control ……… 32 4.2. Discussion ... 34

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conclusion ... 37

5.2. Suggestion ... 38

REFERENCES ... 39

xi REFERENCES

Akmala,Tatum Ariesya. 2010. The Use of Animated Film to Improve Students’ Ability

in Writing Narrative Text A Classroom Action Research at The Tenth Grade

of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Pemalang. Unpublished Skripsi. Semarang:

English Language Education of Walisongo State Institute for Islamic Studies Semarang

Amartin, N. 2010. The Use of Short Video To Improve The Ability of Second Year

Students in Writing Descriptive Text At SMPN 01 Kromengan Malang.

Unpublished. Malang: FKIP UMM

Ary, et. al. 2010. An Introduction to Research in Education (eighth edition). Belmont: Wadsworth.

Bowker, Natilene. 2007. Academic Writing: A Guide to Tertiary Level Writing.

PalmerstonNorth: Massey University

Brown, Douglas. 2003. Language Assessment Principles and Classroom Practices.

San Francisco, California: Pearson Longman

Fetzer, Nancy. 2006. Narrative Text Organization. Article: UK

Hairi, Sohibul. 2010. Improving Writing Skill of Narrative Text through Animation

Movie of Grade Eleven Students at Madrasah Aliyah Al Maarif Singosari.

Unpublished Skripsi. Malang: English Department of UNISMA

Handayani, S. 2014. Improving Writing Skill of Narrative Text of The Eleventh Graders of SMA Negeri 7 Malang Through Animation Film. Unpublished. Malang: FKIP UNISMA

Harmer, Jeremy. 2002. The Practice of English Language Teaching. Cambridge, UK: Longman

Harmer, Jeremy. 2007. The Practice of English Language Teaching 3rd Edition.

England: Pearson Education Limited

Ruis, Nuhung.2009. Instructional Media. Jakarta: language teachers and education personel

Sudjana, Nana and Rivai Ahmad. 2009. Media Pengajaran. Bandung: Sinar Baru Algensindo

Syafiatis, Laily S. 2010. Using Film to Improve the Ability in Writing the

Story.(

http://english.fkip.uns.ac.id/index.php/research/7-research- mahasiswa/102-the-use-of-animation-movies-to-improve-students-writing-skill-of-narrative-text-an-action-research, accessed at 23rdApril, 2014) Wachidah, Siti et.al. 2014. Bahasa Inggris, When English Rings a Bell. Jakarta:

Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan

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Whison, E, George. 1980. Let’s Write English. Revised Edition. Canada: Van Nostrand Reinhold Ltd

1

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

In this chapter the researcher discusses about backgroud of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the research, hypothesis, significance of the research ,scope and limitation, and also the definition of the key terms.

1.1Background of the Study

English is the essential language in the world. Most countries use English as the communication tools. In Indonesia although English is not the first language, it is learnt from kindergarten until university. According to Tarigan (1950, in Novia 2012:

1), ‘English language skill has four components, i.e.; listening, speaking, reading, and writing skill’. Writing is one of the four language skills that are very important to learn. Writing as one of the language skills, has given an important contribution to human work. There are so many records of recent activities that can be read. Recently, there are many new information that is transferred by using discourse or article from newspaper, magazine, and internet. It means that writing plays very important in the role in the modern society. According to Harmer (2004: 31), writing is a way to produce language and express idea, feeling, and opinion. It means writing is very important in our life.

Walters 1983 (in Yatimah, 2014: 1), ‘writing is the last and perhaps most

2

needs ideas about how to write a paragraph well with good writing. However, Handayani (2013: 1), in her research said that writing is more complex and difficult to teach. It is because writing is not only about grammatical mastery, but also about how the content connects each other.

Many students are unconfident in writing. Harmer (2007: 329) claims that, students are extremely unconfident and enthusiastic in writing. There may be many reasons for this, one of them is because students never use their second language in writing. Moreover, students cannot find ideas and they do not know what they want to write. So it can be said that students are less of motivation, and they practice rarely. Therefore, students often face difficulties to show their ideas in writing, and finally they are not interested in writing.

Writing is an ability that needs creation from our mind. Using creative narration will make the readers enjoy in reading the writing. Such as according to Wishon (1980: 378), knowing the pattern of creative narration will help a person to read the stories easier and enjoyable. The term knowing the pattern in Wishon’ statement means that a writer has to know how to write correctly.

From the explanation above, the researcher concludes that writing has an important role in human life. People must know how to write by using pen. Because writing is important, human being needs to learn how to write correctly. They can learn writing in school or other educational institution.

3

Teachers need to help the students build their writing habit. So, they can recognize writing as a normal part of classroom practice and they can come to write task with much enthusiasm as they do in other activities. One way to build students’ writing habit is of course, to give them interesting and enjoyable task to do in the teaching and learning process.

Considering this explanation, teachers must resolve the students’ interest in writing. One of ways to solve such problem in developing writing skill is practice. In addition, the teachers need to motivate the students and also create an interesting method such as visual aids in order to make students become interested in writing class. So, they will have big enthusiasm in teaching and learning process of writing class. According to Kreidler (1965:1) visual aid can be useful to the language teacher because it:

a) creates situation which are outside the classroom walls b) introduces the students to unfamiliar culture aspects

c) gives reality to what might be misunderstood verbally by the students d) changes situations quickly and easily in a drill

e) provides decoration for the classroom

Basically, teachers can use all kinds of visual aid but they must pay attention to the importance of the visual aid and which one is appropriate to the teaching and learning process. Any kinds of visual aid used by teachers have to make the

4

students feel comfortable. Therefore, visual aid used has to be appropriate with the material taught, so the students can easily understand the lesson.

According to Novia (2010) in her thesis, “The use of short video to improve the ability of second year students in writing descriptive text at SMPN 01 Kromengan Malang”. The result of her research showed that using short video as a teaching media in teaching writing descriptive text, made students more easily to understand the material in teaching and learning process. They also felt happy in the class and interested in the material given by a teacher using that short video.

Also, Handayani (2014) in her research about, “Improving writing skill of narrative text of the eleventh graders of SMA Negri 7 Malang trough animation

movie”. The result of her research showed that using movie as a teaching media in writing narrative text, made students easy to understand the material well. Because, students not only heard but also saw. Her research design used a classroom action research.

The differences of both two previous studies and this research are in the text,

students’ grade, and also the research design. This research is conducted at

narrative text at eight grade of junior high school and uses the experimental research.

Based on the situation at SMPN 11 Malang, the researcher can conclude that visual aid has an important function that the teacher can use in teaching and learning process. It also gives the students an opportunity to extend their ability

5

and explore their talent. For example, by using English songs, films, comics, and other mediums makes learning English is more fun. One of medias that can be used in teaching and learning is film especially animation film. So, the researcher

chooses the title “The Effectiveness of Animation Film on Students’ Writing

Ability of Narrative Text of the Eighth grade of SMPN 11 Malang”.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Based on the background above, the problem in doing this research formulates

in the form of a question “Does the animation film improve the students’ writing ability of narrative text of eight grade of SMPN 11 Malang?”

1.3Purpose of the Research

The purpose of this research is to investigate whether animation film can

improve the students’ writing ability of narrative text of the eight grade of SMPN 11 Malang.

1.4Hypothesis

This research is to answer the question about whether yes or not the effectiveness of using animation film as the media in writing narrative text. To get the answer of the question, the researcher should propose alternative hypothesis (Ha) and null (Ho) as below:

(Ho): Animation film cannot improve the students’ writing ability at narrative text

6

(Ha): Animation film can improve the students’ writing ability at narrative text of

the eight grade of SMPN 11 Malang

1.5Significance of the Research

The result of this research is expected to give benefits to other people such as (a) English teacher, (b) the students, and (c) the other researcher. Those benefits can be explained as follow:

(a) For the teachers

The findings of the research method can be used as a consideration in selecting the appropriate method or ways in teaching and learning process for junior high school especially for improve students’ writing ability of narrative text. Besides, it can be used to vary such activities of writing that support and motivate their students.

(b) For the students

The finding of the research can improve their writing ability and motivate the students that writing is not difficult.

(c) For the next researchers

The finding of this research can be used as one of the references in conducting research on English language teaching, especially in implementation of the use of animation film in writing narrative text.

7

1.6Scope and Limitation

The scope of this research is using animation film as the media in improving

the students’ ability in writing narrative text. The researcher limits this research at the eighth grade of SMPN 11 Malang.

1.7Definition of Key Terms

In order to avoid misunderstanding about the term used in this research, the researcher think that it necessary to explain:

1. Effectiveness

Effectiveness is to measure of the ability of a program, project, or task to produce specific desire effect or result that can be quantitative measured, Bernadi 2004 (in Latifah 2011: 3). In this research, it is affective when the treatment

shows as gives the increase on the students’ achievement. It can also be seen from the condition of the class, the students participant, and students respond are part of process should be observed to know whether this treatment effective or not.

2. Writing

Writing is the ability of students to write and express their idea in narrative. 3. Narrative Text

Narrative text is used to amuse, entertain, and deal with actual experience in different ways. Narrative text is a piece of text tells a story that consist of

8

orientation, complication, and resolution. Narrative text deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point, which in turn finds a resolution. 4. Animation Film

Animation is cartoon that represents an important events in politics or important public figure; the comic strip; a pictorial design drawn on strong paper as a study for a picture intended to be painted in the same size.

Film is motion picture; motion pictures as a form of entertainment or an art; a showing of one or more motion pictures (Pei 1976, in Yatimah 2012: 11).

Animation film is process of giving the illustration of movement to drawings, models, or animate object.

Teachers need to help the students build their writing habit. So, they can recognize writing as a normal part of classroom practice and they can come to write task with much enthusiasm as they do in other activities. One way to build students’ writing habit is of course, to give them interesting and enjoyable task to do in the teaching and learning process.

Considering this explanation, teachers must resolve the students’ interest in writing. One of ways to solve such problem in developing writing skill is practice. In addition, the teachers need to motivate the students and also create an interesting method such as visual aids in order to make students become interested in writing class. So, they will have big enthusiasm in teaching and learning process of writing class. According to Kreidler (1965:1) visual aid can be useful to the language teacher because it:

a) creates situation which are outside the classroom walls b) introduces the students to unfamiliar culture aspects

c) gives reality to what might be misunderstood verbally by the students d) changes situations quickly and easily in a drill

e) provides decoration for the classroom

Basically, teachers can use all kinds of visual aid but they must pay attention to the importance of the visual aid and which one is appropriate to the teaching and learning process. Any kinds of visual aid used by teachers have to make the

students feel comfortable. Therefore, visual aid used has to be appropriate with the material taught, so the students can easily understand the lesson.

According to Novia (2010) in her thesis, “The use of short video to improve the ability of second year students in writing descriptive text at SMPN 01 Kromengan Malang”. The result of her research showed that using short video as a teaching media in teaching writing descriptive text, made students more easily to understand the material in teaching and learning process. They also felt happy in the class and interested in the material given by a teacher using that short video.

Also, Handayani (2014) in her research about, “Improving writing skill of narrative text of the eleventh graders of SMA Negri 7 Malang trough animation movie”. The result of her research showed that using movie as a teaching media in writing narrative text, made students easy to understand the material well. Because, students not only heard but also saw. Her research design used a classroom action research.

The differences of both two previous studies and this research are in the text, students’ grade, and also the research design. This research is conducted at narrative text at eight grade of junior high school and uses the experimental research.

Based on the situation at SMPN 11 Malang, the researcher can conclude that visual aid has an important function that the teacher can use in teaching and learning process. It also gives the students an opportunity to extend their ability

and explore their talent. For example, by using English songs, films, comics, and other mediums makes learning English is more fun. One of medias that can be used in teaching and learning is film especially animation film. So, the researcher chooses the title “The Effectiveness of Animation Film on Students’ Writing Ability of Narrative Text of the Eighth grade of SMPN 11 Malang”.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Based on the background above, the problem in doing this research formulates in the form of a question “Does the animation film improve the students’ writing ability of narrative text of eight grade of SMPN 11 Malang?”

1.3Purpose of the Research

The purpose of this research is to investigate whether animation film can improve the students’ writing ability of narrative text of the eight grade of SMPN 11 Malang.

1.4Hypothesis

This research is to answer the question about whether yes or not the effectiveness of using animation film as the media in writing narrative text. To get the answer of the question, the researcher should propose alternative hypothesis (Ha) and null (Ho) as below:

(Ho): Animation film cannot improve the students’ writing ability at narrative text of the eight grade of SMPN 11 Malang

(Ha): Animation film can improve the students’ writing ability at narrative text of the eight grade of SMPN 11 Malang

1.5 Significance of the Research

The result of this research is expected to give benefits to other people such as (a) English teacher, (b) the students, and (c) the other researcher. Those benefits can be explained as follow:

(a) For the teachers

The findings of the research method can be used as a consideration in selecting the appropriate method or ways in teaching and learning process for junior high school especially for improve students’ writing ability of narrative text. Besides, it can be used to vary such activities of writing that support and motivate their students.

(b) For the students

The finding of the research can improve their writing ability and motivate the students that writing is not difficult.

(c) For the next researchers

The finding of this research can be used as one of the references in conducting research on English language teaching, especially in implementation of the use of animation film in writing narrative text.

1.6Scope and Limitation

The scope of this research is using animation film as the media in improving the students’ ability in writing narrative text. The researcher limits this research at the eighth grade of SMPN 11 Malang.

1.7 Definition of Key Terms

In order to avoid misunderstanding about the term used in this research, the researcher think that it necessary to explain:

1. Effectiveness

Effectiveness is to measure of the ability of a program, project, or task to produce specific desire effect or result that can be quantitative measured, Bernadi 2004 (in Latifah 2011: 3). In this research, it is affective when the treatment shows as gives the increase on the students’ achievement. It can also be seen from the condition of the class, the students participant, and students respond are part of process should be observed to know whether this treatment effective or not.

2. Writing

Writing is the ability of students to write and express their idea in narrative. 3. Narrative Text

Narrative text is used to amuse, entertain, and deal with actual experience in different ways. Narrative text is a piece of text tells a story that consist of

orientation, complication, and resolution. Narrative text deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point, which in turn finds a resolution. 4. Animation Film

Animation is cartoon that represents an important events in politics or important public figure; the comic strip; a pictorial design drawn on strong paper as a study for a picture intended to be painted in the same size.

Film is motion picture; motion pictures as a form of entertainment or an art; a showing of one or more motion pictures (Pei 1976, in Yatimah 2012: 11).

Animation film is process of giving the illustration of movement to drawings, models, or animate object.