Bacterial culture and isolate identification

Su rv ei lla nc e o f ant im ic ro bi al r es ist an ce 1 Table 1.1 Suggested antimicrobials, by bacteria, for inclusion for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in a programme of integrated surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in foodborne bacteria i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x xi Recommended antimicrobials used for sur veillance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Cefepime is used in the European Union EU to distinguish bet ween AmpC and ESBL. Lincosamides are used in the treatment of some infections caused by Campylobacter. Resistance towards er y thromycin reflects a zithromycin resistance. Nitrofurantoin is used in the United States of America for testing Gram-positive bacteria. It is optional for Enterococcus to be tested for nitrofurantoin. Temocillin is included as a marker to detect the bla OX A-48 genot ype. To screen for ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella spp. when disk dif fusion is used. Nalidixic acid is used in Campylobacter to identif y rare mutations. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxa zole can be used instead of using sulfisoxa zole or trimethoprim alone. Dox ycycline may be used instead of tetracycline. Salmonella, E. coli Gentamicin Chloramphenicol Imipenem Meropenem Cefoxitin Cefatoxime or Ceftriaxone Ceftazidime Cefepime ii Tigecycline Azithromycin Nitrofurantoin v Ampicillin Amoxicillin Temocillin vii Colistin Ciproloxacin Nalidixic acid Peloxacin viii Sulisoxazole x Tetracycline Trimethoprim Campylobacter i Gentamicin Streptomycin Clindamycin iii Erythromycin iv Ampicillin Ciproloxacin Nalidixic acid ix Tetracycline xi Enterococcus Gentamicin Streptomycin Chloramphenicol Vancomycin Teicoplanin Tigecycline Daptomycin Erythromycin Nitrofurantoin vi Ampicillin Ciproloxacin Quinupristin-dalfopristin Tetracycline Staphylococcus Gentamicin Chloramphenicol Cefoxitin Vancomycin Clindamycin Erythromycin Linezolid Penicillin Oxacillin Ciproloxacin Rifampicin Quinupristin-dalfopristin Sulisoxazole Tetracycline Trimethoprim Antimicrobial classes Aminoglycosides Amphenicols Carbapenems Cephalosporins II Cephalosporins III Cephalosporins IV Glycopeptides Glycylcyclines Lincosamides Lipopeptides Macrolides Nitrofurans Oxazolidinones Penicillins Polymyxins Quinolones Rifamycins Streptogramins Sulfonamides x Tetracyclines Trimethoprim x Antimicrobials italicized are second priorit y. 1 5