Illuminati In Four Eminem’s Lyrics : A Study of Semiotics

SKRIPSI

Submitted to fulfill one of the requirements of Sarjana Sastra Degree

DHANIA AYU NUGRAHA NIM. 63710010

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS

INDONESIA COMPUTER UNIVERSITY BANDUNG

ix

ABSTRAK vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT viii

CONTENTS ix

LIST OF FIGURES xii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background to the Study 1

1.2 Research Question 3

1.3 Objectives 3

1.4 Significance to Knowledge 4

1.5 Framework of the Theories 4

CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW 6

2.1 Illuminati 6

2.2 Lyric 9

2.3 Semiotics 10

2.3.1 First Order of Signification 12

2.3.2 Second Order of Signification 14

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH OBJECT AND METHOD 17

3.1.1 Data Source 17

3.2 Research Method 18

3.2.1 Data Collection 18

3.2.2 Data Analysis 19

CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 20

4.1 Orders of Signification of Lose Yourself Lyric 20 4.1.1 First Order of Signification of Lose Yourself Lyric 20 4.1.2 Second Order of Signification of Lose Yourself Lyric 25 4.1.3 Interpretation of Lose Yourself Lyric 27 4.2 Orders of Signification of Rain Man Lyric 27 4.2.1 First Order of Signification of Rain Man Lyric 27 4.2.2 Second Order of Signification of Rain Man Lyric 31 4.2.3 Interpretation of Rain Man Lyric 33 4.3 Orders of Signification of Stay Wide Awake Lyric 33 4.3.1 First Order of Signification of Stay Wide Awake Lyric 33 4.3.2 Second Order of Signification of Stay Wide Awake Lyric 38 4.3.3 Interpretation of Stay Wide Awake Lyric 40 4.4 Orders of Signification of My Darling Lyric 40 4.4.1 First Order of Signification of My Darling Lyric 40 4.4.2 Second Order of Signification of My Darling Lyric 45

4.4.3 Interpretation of My Darling Lyric 47

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 48

5.1 Conclusion 48

5.2 Suggestion 50

REFERENCES 51

viii

Semiotics” is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements of Sarjana Sastra Degree. This skripsi would not be done without the help and support from many people. Thus, to show the appreciation, the writer would like to express the deepest gratitude and regards for the following people:

1. Prof. Dr. H. Moh. Tadjuddin, M.A. as the Dean of Faculty of Letters. 2. Dr. Juanda as the Head of English Department.

3. Nungki Heriyati, S.S., M.A. and Muhammad Rayhan Bustam, S.S., M.Hum. as the first and second advisors. Great thanks are addressed to them for their exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this skripsi.

4. Retno Purwani Sari S.S., M.Hum. and Nenden Rikma S.S., M.Hum. as the examiners. Great thanks are addressed to them for their inputs to the writer in revising this skripsi.

5. All the lecturers involved in English Department; Tatan Tawami, S.S., M.Hum., Asih Prihandini S.S., M.Hum., Diba Artsiyanti S.S., M.Si., Dr. Nia Kurniasih, M.Hum., and the others who cannot be mentioned one by one.

Bandung, August 2014

51

<http://www.translationjournal.net/journal/38connot.htm> AZ Lyrics. 2014. AZ Lyric. <www.azlyrics.com>

Barthes, Roland. 1985. L’aventure Sémiologique. Trans. Stephanus A. Herwinarko. Yogyakarta: PUSTAKA PELAJAR

Blanco, Juan Ignacio. “Murderpedia”. Theodore Robert Bundy. E-Journal on-line. 11 Juli 2014. <http://murderpedia.org/male.B/b1/bundy-ted-victims.htm>

Coleman, John. 2005. “Conspirators' Hierarchy - The Story of The Committee of 300”. 20 May 2014. <

http://educate-yourself.org/cn/johncolemangoalsofIlluminati.shtml>

Chandler, Daniel. 2002. Semiotics: the basics. New York: Routledge.

Dice, Mark. 2009. The Illuminati: Facts & Fiction. San Diego: The Resistance. Dice, Mark. 2013. Illuminati in Music Industry. San Diego: The Resistance. Guimarães, Paulo Emanuel Novais. 2012. What did Barthes mean by 'semiotics'?

How useful is his account for social theory and for accounts of ideology?. England: University of Essex.

Martin, Brownen. and Felizitas Ringham. 2000. Dictionary of semiotics. London and New York: Cassell.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 2014. An Encyclopedia Britannica Company. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated.

Min, Mike. 2010. Rap Rich. LULU PRESS

Nazir, Moh. 2003. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: PT. Ghalia Indonesia. Oxford University Press. 2008. Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary. New

York:Oxford University Press.

Semi, M Atar. 1984. Anatomi Sastra. Padang: FBSS IKIP.

Zaimar, Okke Kusuma. 2014. Semiotika dalam Analisis Karya Sastra. Depok: PT. KOMODO BOOKS

1 1.1 Background to the study

There is one organization which has set a goal to create a single global government by controlling world from finance and government to religion and culture. This organization has remained the focus for doing the conspiracy for hundred years. According to Mark Dice (2009: 15), this organization was established in 1776 by Adam Weishaupt and named as the Illuminati. To achieve

the mission, the Illuminati has the member from the world‟s political, business,

and even music industry.

In music industry, especially, many singers are believed to be involved in this secret organization. It is strengthened by the statement from Dice (2009: 379) who said that the Illuminati financially supports singers who join the organization. He then continued that they join the Illuminati in order to get the fortune and the fame. However, they are required to make lyric which preaches socially destructive message as return. The Illuminati uses lyric as a means to influence

people‟s mind by dumbing them for self-destruction by giving suggestion into their minds through the lyric.

Lyric itself is a work of literature as defined by Semi (1984: 95) that lyric is a short poem which expresses emotion. Lyric also contains personal feelings, idea, and thought of its singer. It shows that lyric is used by the singer as a medium to deliver their emotion, idea or thought to the listener.

Related to the function, lyric is used by singers to deliver their idea with various themes, such as love, relationship, environment, and religion. Thus, for a singer who involved in the Illuminati, lyric can be used to give an idea of the Illuminati. Dice mentioned that the lyric which contains the Illuminati can be considered from several indications. The first is the lyrics which encourage self-destructive behavior. The worship of money and power, death, murder, drugs, sex,

violence and immorality become the main theme of the lyric to destruct people‟s

moral (2009: 35). Beside destructive lyrics, those which contain images of devil, dark nuance, satanic imagery and theme are also considered to have association

with the Illuminati (2013: 1), as in the case of Eminem‟s lyrics.

The themes of Eminem‟s lyrics are argued to talk about sex, violence, and

murder. Some also contains dark nuance and satanic imagery and theme. Those themes even can be found as one in selected Eminem‟s lyrics entitled “Lose

Yourself”, “Rain Man”, “Stay Wide Awake”, and “My Darling”. Those lyrics can

be considered to have the Illuminati‟s messages for those lyrics encourage self-destructive behavior and also have indications associated with the Illuminati.

Therefore, by holding to the indications mentioned by Dice earlier, this research then is focused to describe how the destructive lyrics and the Illuminati‟s references are delivered in those four Eminem‟s lyrics. With this intention, the research uses semiotics study of Roland Barthes‟ theory of orders of signification. This research unfolds the first order and the second order of signification of the lyrics so that the references, the messages and the interpretations of the Illuminati contained in those four lyrics are revealed.

1.2 Research Question

From the explanation above, the data source of the research are taken from

four Eminem‟s lyrics entitled Lose Yourself, Rain Man, Stay Wide Awake, and My Darling.

Problems of the present study are formulated in the following questions: 1. What is the first order of signification from the four analyzed lyrics that

refers to the Illuminati?

2. What is the second order of signification from the four analyzed lyrics that refers to the Illuminati?

3. What is the interpretation from the four analyzed lyrics that refers to the Illuminati?

1.3 Objectives

The objectives of this research are:

1. To analyze the first order of signification from the four analyzed lyrics that refers to the Illuminati.

2. To analyze the second order of signification from the four analyzed lyrics that refers to the Illuminati.

3. To formulate the interpretation from the four analyzed lyrics that refers to the Illuminati.

1.4 Significance to Knowledge

This research is entitled „Illuminati in Four Eminem‟s Lyrics: A Study of Semiotics‟. This research is expected to have a contribution in the development in

analyzing textual semiotics study which particularly focuses on Roland Barthes‟ theory of orders of signification. This research also applies an effective method to unfold the first order of signification by examining the grammatical/syntactical features and narration device.

1.5 Framework of the Theories

To reveal the interpretation of four analyzed lyrics, this research uses

semiotics study focused on Roland Barthes‟s (1985: 82) orders of signification.

The first order of signification refers to denotation. Denotation is the „real‟, „explicit‟, or „direct‟ meaning that can be represented in a text. The second order

of signification refers to „connotation‟ which comes as a secondary meaning that is produced relating to the cultural and personal‟s experience of the interpreter to

the text. In other words, denotation is what is described, while connotation is how

it is described. This „orders of signification‟ is used by Barthes to identify the idea

or thought reflecting in a text.

This orders of signification then is supported by Brownen Martin and Felizitas Ringham (2002: 8) who said that semiotics posits the notion of levels of meaning. They said that a text must be studied in its surface level, which refers to

Barthes‟ first order of signification, and then its deep abstract level, which refers to Barthes‟ second order of signification. They then provide the method to analyze

the first order of signification. They argued that in this surface level, the examination is conducted to the specific words, grammatical/syntactical strucures and also the narration devices that are visible on the surface of the text. After analyzing the surface level, the next stage is to examine the deep level which focuses on the connotative semiotics theory of Roland Barthes.

Thus, the writer uses the framework of the theory to see the relation between the theory being used in this research and the data. The framework of the theory can be illustrated as

Figure 1.1 Framework of the Theory Grammatical/Syntactical

Features and Narration Devices.

Eminem‟s Lyrics

Semiotics

Illuminati Reference Second Order of

Signification First Order of Signification

Illuminati‟s Interpretation in Four Eminem‟s lyrics

6 2.1 Illuminati

Illuminati has been known as the secret society formed in 1776 by Adam

Weishaupt. Since then, the term „illuminati‟ is more popularly and increasingly

being used as the reference to a society which manipulates and controls many aspects of world. As Mark Dice (2009: 1) said,

“the infamous Illuminati secret society has remained the focus of so-called “conspiracy theorists” for hundreds of years. They have been called the puppet masters who secretly pull the strings of the world’s events from elections to revolutions, and from business monopolies to stock market crashes”

He also explains that their action is based on a secret agenda. Their secret

agenda is the list of the Illuminati‟s way to achieve their main goal. Their main

goal is to construct a world which only has one government to control or which is known as the New World Order.

New World Order is a condition where the world only has one government, one ruler, one religion to control the world. As Dice (2009: 61) stated, there are five top priorities of the Illuminati in order to create the New World Order. The first is the destruction of Christianity and of all Monarchical Governments, the second is the destruction of nations in favor of universal internationalism, the third is the discouragement of patriotic and loyal effort branded as narrow minded prejudice, incompatible with the tenets of goodwill to all men. The forth is the abolition of family and marriage. The last is the

suppression of the rights of inheritance and property. In order to create the New World Order, Dr. John Coleman (2005, 3) also stated that the Illuminati does several ways which some of them are to destruct people‟s moral and to make the destruction of religion by spreading the Illuminati‟s own religion. The Illuminati‟s religion itself, as Dice (2009: 17) remarked,

“It is clear from the writings of prominent Illuminati authors that the religion and philosophy of the elite members is that of Lucifieranism or Satanism. Whether this is a literal belief or a methaporic or allegorical belief is of little difference. If it were literal, it would be metaphoric as well. If it were metaphoric, then it also expands into a literal fashion as the actions of the participants manifest themselves.”

From that, it can be seen that the Illuminati does not believe in God. Instead, they designate the attribute to Lucifer. Dice (2009: 10) also said that the construction of the New World Order is fueled by satanic and occult things. He

stated that (2009: 83) “the New World Order...the Illuminati’s plans for a global government and the physical, financial, and spiritual enslavement of the human race.” It proves that the Illuminati wants to make all the humankind their slave.

Therefore, to achieve their goal, the Illuminati has members from rich and powerful man and families, banking and finance world, high profile business people, religious leaders, politicians, and even music industry.

In music industry, particularly, beside singers who are contracted by recording companies to make songs about love and relationship, singers who involve in this secret organization prefer to make a reference to the Illuminati in their song. It can be seen by the number of artists who mention the Illuminati directly by the name and some by promoting self-destructive, disempowering, and

materialistic ideas in their lyrical content and music videos. As Dice (2009: 379) stated,

“It’s important to note that the Illuminati financially supports musicians whose music preaches socially destructive messages, and builds them up as role models which the brain-dead masses worship as idols. The fact that many musicians achieve massive success isn’t necessarily that they are extremely talented, it’s that they have been chosen to be promoted because their music encourages violent, immoral, and social destructive behavior. Their music is literally used to brainwash the listeners.”

A singer who involved in the illuminati can be predicted in their lyric. Occasionally, they will write a lyric which encourages self-destructive behavior. Those self-destructive behavior are what Dice mentioned in his book such as encouraging drugs, sexual immorality, death, murder, violence, immorality, war, the worship of money and power, and portray characters as gangsters. However, beside lyric which encourages such self-destructive behavior, another indication also can be used as the reference to the Illuminati. They are satanic symbolism, images of devil, worship to sun, and dark nuance (Dice 2013:1).

So it can be concluded that to reach their goal, which is known as the New World Order, the Illuminati has members from all fields which one of them is through music industry. In music industry, the Illuminati has a role to destruct

poeple‟s moral through the lyrics. The singers who involve in this secret organization will actually write a destructive behavior lyric. Not only that, they will also mention the words that directly refers to the Illuminati.

2.2 Lyric

Etimologically, the word „lyric‟ derived from the Greek word „lyre‟ which

means a stringed musical instrument. From its literal meaning, lyric is defined as words of song which expresses deep personal feelings. Its function has the same as that of poem because both of them reveal the speaker‟s personal feeling, state of mind, emotion, perception, mode, attitude, expression, and thought, in a first person narrative.

Lyric, as well as poetry, has the speaker. „The speaker‟ is the term used in

lyric to refer to the person whose voice is heard by „the listener‟ of the poem. The

term „listener‟ is used to refer to the reader of the poem. The difference between

lyric in song and poem is only lied in their distribution: while poem must be read or recited, lyrics must be sung.

In lyric, a message from the singer must be laid. However, the message that they deliver can either be explicit or implicit. It makes the reader, sometimes, fails to find the exact meaning of the lyric. The right method in finding the true meaning of the lyric is neccessary so that the failure of understand the meaning can be avoided, and the real message of the singer can be delivered correctly. Fortunately, nowadays, there is a special method to analyze the meaning of an object which is known as semiotics study.

2.3 Semiotics

The word semiotics derived from Greek word „semion‟ which means „sign‟ or „seme‟ which means „sign interpreter‟. The point of sign in this context is not refer to the „sign‟ in everyday life (road signs, star signs), but of anything that „stand for‟ something else. Daniel Chandler (2002: 2) argued that in a

semiotic senses, signs take the form of words, images, sounds, gestures and objects. Sign can be presented in any kind of medium and may be verbal, or both. It appears in various ways. It may be writing, audio, or video, with each

„medium‟. The term ‟medium‟ can be related to specific forms such as mass

media.

Semiotics, as the study of signs, has developed its scope and methodology.

The term was pioneereed by Ferdinand de Saussure, „semiology‟, which was also used by Charles Sanders Pierce by the term „semiotics‟. However, eventhough

semiotics was coined by Saussure for his linguistic study, it keeps developing and grasps other scope. As Chandler (2002: 4) stated that this field of study involves many different theoretical stances and methodological tools, which includes linguists, philosophers, psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, aesthetic, media theorists, psychoanalysts, educationalists, and even literary critics.

Semiotics itself is used by Roland Barthes by deriving from Ferdinand de

Saussure‟s theory of semiotics about the relation of sign system (Barthes, 1985: 35). However, he believed that semiotics is not only about the signifier and signified, but it is about something that relates them (1985: 39). Then he came

Barthes to expand a meaning in a text. The first step is what Barthes called the first order of signification, and the second is the second order of signification. There are several things that should be noted when semiotics is used as a tool to analyze text. There are principles that must be learned by the observer. This method comes from Bronwen Martin and Felizitas Ringham (2000: 7). They stated that to be able to understand the semiotic analysis, the observer should learn these four basic principles: The first is that meaning is not inherent in objects. They said that it because objects do not signify by themselves. Meaning itself is constructed by the competent of its observer. It depends on the capable of

the observer to „give form‟ to the object. It indicates that the knowledge of the observer has a considerable effect in giving meaning. The second is semiotics views the text as an autonomous unit which is internally coherent. Semiotics analysis is started from a study of the actual language and structures of the text. It shows how meanings are constructed and what meanings are produced by the text. They emphasize that semiotics is not about starting with ideas or meanings external to the text and show how they are reflected in a text. The third is that semiotics applied in all kinds of fields. They argued that semiotics underlies all discourse, not just to a story. It underlies political, sociological and legal discourse. The last is that semiotics posits the notion of levels of meaning. They said that there are two levels of meaning, a deep abstract level within the surface level, of which a text must be studied. Principally, these two levels of meaning

have the same thought as Roland Barthes‟ first and second order of signification

2.3.1 First Order of Signification

Roland Barthes came with the first order of signification theory which was

taken from Saussure‟s model of the sign. Ferdinand de Saussure, a Swiss semiotician, strongly influenced Barthes‟ thought on the understanding of this first order of signification. Focusing to determine that sign is being composed of a

„signifier‟ and a „signified‟, Saussure (1983: 66) stated that:

“A linguistic sign is not a link between a thing and a name, but between a concept [signified] and a sound pattern [signifier]. The sound pattern is not actually a sound; for a sound is something physical. A sound pattern is the hearer’s psychological impression of a sound, as given to him by the evidence of his senses.”

A sign must have both a signifier [sound pattern] and a signified

[concept]. Saussure‟s theory on what is called by „denotation‟ applies when a signifier „ROSE‟ is pointed out, instead of thinking about the „R-O-S-E‟, the thought of a flower with a sweet smell that is usually white, yellow, red, or pink comes out.

The first order of signification is also used by Barthes (1985: 82), by deriving from Hjelmslev, as the reference to what is called by denotation. Guimarães (2012: 3) stated that Barthes defines denotation as “the simple description of what, or who is represented”. Denotation itself also can be defined

as “the definitional, „literal‟ meaning, „obvious‟ or „commonsense‟ meaning of a sign” (Chandler, 2002: 37). He then explained that the denotative meaning is what the dictionary attempts to provide. Denotation also can be defined as a simple meaning.

To help unfold the first order of signification in a text, Martin and Ringham provide a method. Martin and Ringham (2000: 8) stated that semiotics analysis can be aided by the grammatical/syntactical features and by narrative device as a tool for analysis.

The first is through the grammatical and syntactical features. It is done by examining the specific words, grammatical items and structured reflected in a text. Those are used as the process of decoding to reveal its deeper meaning. Grammatical items that can be examined are repetition, conative function, and the use of direct/indirect speech. Repetition functions to emphasize a particular word or phrase. Its purpose is to draw the listener‟s attention to a particular theme. Another linguistic device is conative function. It is seen when the communication is directed to the listener (the addressee, or the receiver) of the message. The

speaker‟s task here is to draw the listener into the exhange by using the conative function which is indicated by the use of direct questions, warning or persuasive devices. The speaker here is the sender who provokes action and makes the listener to act. The listener is the receiver who received the desire to act or the necessity to act. The last is direct and indirect speech. They are used by the speaker to engage the listener fully and gives the view directly to the listener.

The second is through the narration given by the speaker. It is focused on

analyzing the “spheres of action” or roles in a text. Those are subject/object: the

subject acts in quest of an object, and the object of the quest could be concrete such as a person or thing, or abstract such as knowledge or love. Helper/opponent: the subject could be helped or even hindered in the text. For

FIGURE 2.1 Orders of signification

Source: adapted from Barthes 1957:124 example, money and courage could be the helper and laziness is the opponent. The last are sender/receiver. The sender is a person who motivates an act or causes something to happen while the receiver is the one who gets the impact. The sender has a function to provoke action and cause the receiver to act by giving them a desire or obligation.

2.3.2 Second Order of Signification

After the first order of signification has been identified, the next level arises as the way to analyze a sign. The second order of signification is the

reference to the connotation meaning. This Barthes‟ second order of signification is defined as “the denotative sign (signifier and signified) as its signifier and attaches to it an additional signified” (Chandler 2002: 140). It can be seen from the model of order of signification made by Barthes.

By looking into the model, Barthes argued that there is another, underlying meaning of a denotation. He believed that denotation leads to another chain called

connotation as Barthes‟ view to see semiotics

as the ideal method for sign analysis. He believed that the signifier and the signified cannot be separated one another. Willemen (1994: 105) strengthened

that by saying “what is signifier or a signified on one level can become a signifier on another level”.

For more details, it can be seen by examining a „rose‟. The word „rose‟ has a signifier [r-o-s-e], and has a concept as „a flower with a sweet smell that is

usually white, yellow, red, or pink‟ which becomes the signifier. This level of

interpretation is what is called as the first order of signification. Then, the concept

of „rose‟ as the flower here then becomes the signifier in the next level, and the signified is the „beauty‟. It is because „rose‟ commonly used to denote „beauty‟.

When it reaches to this level of concept, then it is called as the second order of signification.

Such concept shows that connotation includes the linguistic categories. It comes from Ali (2006: 8) who said that connotation includes both paradigmatic and syntagmatic relation between words. Another example is provided by him

from the connotative meaning of color „black‟. He denotes that the connotation of the color „black‟ refers to its paradigmatic system of shared associations such as

Negroes, Africa and blackberry. Also it refers to its syntagmatic counterparts in the opposite system of shared associations as white, daytime and sun. He said that the connotative of the color black can be defined by its context. Ali (2006: 10) then gives an example of the connotation of black as follows

“Black in the context of The French original of Stendhal's famous novel Le Rouge et le noir is allegorically used to connote so many things such as Napoleon, love, energy, happiness, vitality, the peasants, blood, and red wine... hatred, inertia, misery, lethargy, the aristocracy, the clergy and dark death le noir.... Black contextualized, loses its blackness; for more than any other color it is archetypal, deeply-rooted in man's consciousness and it has, all the way through history, been strongly associated with darkness, evil and tragedy....To the Elizabethan mentality black is a synonym to cruelty, infidelity, piracy and lust... black occupies a central place on the passive side alongside with female, darkness, crooked, left-handed, and evil; while on the positive side white stands alongside male,

light, straight, right-handed, and good. Evidently, the color black continued to connote or symbolize evil implicitly”

He also stated that any connotation word, in this case the color black, can be associated with its synonym words. He stated that black is a synonym of dark, opaque, murky, sable, dusky and have their semantic coefficients in dingy, dirty, soiled, stained, swarthy; and powerfully, in atrocious, mournful, villainous wicked, depressing, dismal, distressing, doleful, foreboding, funeral, gloomy, horrible, infamous, infernal, lugubrious, ominous; and ethically, in ignorant, dishonest, vague, good and white.

Connotation comes into the field of cultural universals when certain natural phenomena like colors, plants and animals are used as an association. In such a case, the connotation becomes stereotyped. Yet the difference in the connotations of natural phenomena exist because as Chandler stated (2002: 138),

“the term „connotation’ is used to refer to the socio-cultural and „personal’ associations (ideological, emotional, etc.) of the sign. These are typically related to the interpreter’s class, age, gender, ethnicity and so on.” It indicates that sign is more open to interpretation in its connotation than its denotation.

17 3.1 Research Object

The object of this research is the Illuminati reference which are found in

four of Eminem‟s lyrics. The lyrics are those which encourage self-destructive behavior such as sexual immorality, violence, disrespectful and other destructive

behaviors as the Illuminati‟s means to achieve their goal. Besides encouraging

destructive behaviors, the Illuminati reference such as the term used, lyric which has images of devil, dark nuance, satanic imagery and themes also become the object of this research.

3.1.1 Data Source

The data sources of this research are taken from four lyrics from Eminem entitled Lose Yourself, Rain Man, Stay Wide Awake, and My Darling. The data are chosen randomly by looking into the lyrics which obviously give the reference to the Illuminati by looking lyrics which have images of devil, dark nuance, satanic imagery and themes, and encourage self-destructive behavior.

3.2 Research Method

The method used in this research is analytic descriptive method which describes the object of research in the form of data which have been selected. As

Nazir (2003) remarked that, “tujuan dari metode penelitian deskriptif adalah untuk membuat deskripsi, gambaran, atau lukisan secara sistematis, faktual dan akurat mengenai fakta-fakta, sifat-sifat serta hubungan antar fenomena yang diselidiki." Based on the method, the writer describes the data which have relation to the Illuminati and analyze them in detail and systematically

.

3.2.1 Data Collection

Based on the research object discussed earlier, the writer uses four lyrics from Eminem which are entitled Lose Yourself, Rain Man, Stay Wide Awake, and My Darling as the data source. Before doing the research, the writer reads those lyrics. Then, the writer collects the data related to the Illuminati. Therefore, after collecting the data, the writer classifies the data which indicate the reference to the Illuminati. The indicator of the reference to the Illuminati found in these four analyzed lyrics are the lyrics which encourage self-destructive behavior, and also the lyrics which give satanic symbolism, images of devil, and dark nuance.

3.2.2 Data Analysis

After collecting and classifying the data, the writer then analyzes the data by examining the grammatical and syntactical features in each lyric to unfold the first order of signification. The grammatical and syntactical features are the using of repetition, conative function and direct/indirect speech. The first order of signification is also unfold by examining the narration device by finding the roles in a text. Those are subject/object, helper/opponent and sender/receiver. After the first order of signification is unfold, the writer then analyzes the second order of signification by using the connotative semiotic theory of Roland Barthes and relates it to the Illuminati reference.

20

This chapter presents the discussion of the four analyzed lyrics. Each lyrics is analyzed by its first order and second order of signification. The first order of signification is unfold by examining the grammatical/syntactical features and through the narration device. Then, the second order of signification is analyzed by relating the result of the first order of signification to the Illuminati reference.

4.1 Orders of Signification of “Lose Yourself” Lyric 4.1.1 First Order of Signification of “Lose Yourself” Lyric

The first order of signification of „Lose Yourself‟ lyric is unfold by

examining the linguistic devices contained in this lyric. Those are repetition and conative function. The first order of signification is also done by examining the narration given by the speaker. Repetition becomes the first thing to be examined because it can be used as the idea of what the lyric will talk about. The words are

„one shot‟ and „one opportunity‟ which are repeated twice and found in line 1, 28, and 29. It causes an effect to emphasize that the lyric will talk about the one

opportunity by foregrounding the speaker‟s persuasion to imagine it. In meaning,

both of „shot‟ and „opportunity‟ are not same. However, in this lyric the speaker

leads the listener that „shot‟ and „opportunity‟ have the same reference. Those repetition words are found for the first time in the next part of the lyric where another linguistic device is found.

The use of conative function lays in this following lines of the lyric. It is indicated by the use of direct question and or persuasive device by the speaker to the listener. The part of the lyric is in these following lines:

Look, if you had one shot, or one opportunity To seize everything you ever wanted. one moment Would you capture it or just let it slip? (1-3)

The words „shot‟ and „opportunity‟ are found in the first line. Here, the speaker motivates „you‟ to imagine that there is a „shot‟ and an „opportunity‟ that they might have. Here again the speaker tells the listener that both „shot‟ and

„opportunity‟ have the same reference: that they both can make everything that

„you‟ want to be achieved. In the third line, the direct question is expressed by the

speaker to „you‟. The speaker asks the listener whether „you‟ will „capture it‟ or „just let it slip‟. „it‟ here refers to the „one shot‟ and „one opportunity‟ that has been mentioned before. The words „capture‟ and „let it slip‟ related to them can be

interpreted as „to take the shot or the opportunity‟ or „to throw the shot or the

opportunity‟. Tuns out, the „one shot‟ and „one opportunity‟ have the same reference which are then mentioned by the speaker in these following lines where another conative function is found:

You better lose yourself in the music, the moment You own it, you better never let it go

You only get one shot, do not miss your chance to blow This opportunity comes once in a lifetime (26-29)

In the first line, the speaker finally mentions that the reference to the „one

shot‟ and „one opportunity‟ is to „lose yourself in the music‟. In this line too, the

can be seen when the speaker leads „you‟ to one choice by giving „you‟ a suggestion, that „you‟ is better to „lose yourself in the music‟. This „lose yourself

in the music‟ refers to the „one shot‟ and „one opportunity‟ that the speaker has mentioned in the line 1 and 2 that it is something that can seize everything that

„you‟ ever wanted. After the speaker tells that the one shot or one opportunity is

to „lose yourself in the music‟, the speaker‟s persuasion keeps continuing for the

whole part. The speaker says that this one shot and one opportunity can make the

moment that „you‟ may own, so it is better for „you‟ not to let the shot or the

opportunity go. The speaker also convinces „you‟ by saying that this shot and the opportunity may be the only thing that comes in a lifetime.

According to Oxford dictionary (2008: 261), „lose‟ itself has several

meanings which some of them are „have something taken away‟, in this case

„yourself‟, or it can be „become unable to control something‟, in this case „yourself‟. The denotation meaning in this context can be interpreted as the

speaker wants „you‟ to have a high passion in music. Whether „you‟ is listening to

music or making music, they have to make it all out even they have to forget about the world and just enjoy the music.

Based on the examination of the grammatical and syntactical features above, there are two linguistic devices which are found in the lyric. Those are

repetition and conative function. Repetition words contained in the lyric are „one opportunity‟ and „one shot‟. Conative function is found when the speaker persuades the listener to imagine about the one opportunity which is then

Another way to find the first order of signification is through the narrative device. Narrative device is done by finding the subject, the object, the sender, the receiver, the helper, and the opponent. Those narrative devices can be obviously seen in these following lines of the lyric where the speaker tells about someone who is mentally weak. The part of the lyric is:

His palms are sweaty, knees weak, arms are heavy There's vomit on his sweater already, mom's spaghetti

He's nervous, but on the surface he looks calm and ready to drop bombs, But he keeps on forgetting what he wrote down,

The whole crowd goes so loud

He opens his mouth, but the words won't come out He's choking how, everybody's joking now (5-11)

„he‟ is described in not well condition with the description of his physic showing that his palms are sweaty, his knees are weak, and his arms are heavy.

Not only that, it is also continued in the next line telling that he spews his mom‟s

spaghetti on his sweater. It may be assumed that he feels pressure in him as the third line explains that all the unpleasant circumstances he feels are caused by the nervous. Indeed, it has already became the nature for some people, that nervous sometimes leads to sweaty palms, makes weak the knees, and sick.

Go to the next line, eventhough the speaker tells how unwell He is, he shows his calm impression from his appearance. Turns out, it all clear here that

what the speaker says about „his arms are heavy‟ in the first line is referred to the

bombs that he holds. However, the next lines then tells the effect of the pressure that he feels. It tells that he forgets what he wrote down and as he tries to say it, he still cannot make it. This situation makes the crowd goes loud and starts to mock him. It all can be meant that he has something to be delivered yet he cannot do

anything about it. Next, the last narration that the speaker gives can be seen in the following lines:

The soul's escaping, through this hole that is gaping This world is mine for the taking

Make me king, as we move toward a new world order (35-37)

Another narration that the speaker given tells about the process of losing self. The speaker tells the process of the soul that is going away through a gaping

hole. It denotes that „lose yourself‟ means „lose your soul‟. However, „lose soul‟ here can be defined as „he‟ feels „freedom‟ when it is correlated with his inability to deliver what he wrote. It tells when he tries to say something but he cannot because his surrounding mocks him. Therefore, the losing soul makes him to be himself. The speaker then continues that after „he‟ feels freedom, it also feels like the world is being him as the speaker says that “the world is mine for the taking” (37). Also, in the third line the speaker emphasizes that it makes him to be the king of a new world order.

From the examination of the narration device in this lyric, it can be

indicated that „you‟ is the subject and also as the receiver of the lyric because „you‟ is the one who quests the object. The object is the one opportunity which is then mentioned „to be the king‟. Then, the speaker here has a role as the sender who provokes an action. The action is to „lose yourself‟ which also becomes the

helper in the lyric.

4.1.2 Second Order of Signification of Lose Yourself Lyric

From the narration given by the speaker about „he‟ in line 5 saying “His palms are sweaty, knees weak, arms are heavy”, it indicates that the speaker gives a picture of someone who is weak in physical condition. Such situation can be used as the illustration of the opponent. The opponent here makes the speaker easy to persuade the listener by making them feel the same condition. The speaker uses the opponent to strengthen his role as the speaker who gives a helper.

The image of „he‟ that the speaker has given is about someone who under pressure while he is ready to drop bombs (line 7). In its deeper meaning, „bomb‟ connotes as something big with a great force. This something big that he holds can be interpreted as something he has like power, ability, talent, potential which he might have. Yet also he has an inability to show his bomb.

Then the speaker in the lyric gives his suggestion to the listener who cannot demonstrate his talent. The suggestion is what the speaker mentions in line 26: „lose yourself in the music‟. It has mentioned that losing yourself here can be defined as having a high passion in music and enjoy the music. However, when the speaker continues the lyric it resembles on how the soul escaping through the gaping hole. His ability in losing himself may indicate to another connotation that he can be a king. King can be connoted as a power: a power of a male who rules a country, and who is highly respected and very successful or popular.

The „new world order‟ term comes in the lyric after the speaker says that

he is the king of a world that is coming toward. As the matter of fact, „new world

the Illuminati. New World Order refers to a condition where the world only has one government, one ruler, and one religion to control the world. So many methods are used by the Illuminati to reach their goal. One of them is reflected in

the lyric. The speaker‟s persuasion to „lose yourself‟ in the music becomes an obvious thing from the lyric. „lose yourself‟ which means to lose something, if it is correlated with the Illuminati, it will produce a deeper meaning.

Illuminati persuades people to worship it with offering them a power and wealth as return. That in music world also, the Illuminati offers the fame and fortune that many musicians want. As what have been said to get the fame and fortune, the musicians first have to join the Illuminati which also means to follow everything about the Illuminati, including the belief hold by the Illuminati. It can be assumed that the Illuminati wants musicians to get into their ideology. The Illuminati teaches their members a set of beliefs of the Illuminati, which one of them is religion. First, it must be known that the Illuminati do not believe in God and they also ask their follower to lose faith to God also. So „lose yourself‟ here can be connoted as to lose faith to God.

Another possibility relating to the connotation of „lose yourself‟, or „lose your soul‟, and the Illuminati is that the Illuminati uses some spiritual things to control people so that they follow them. One of them is the act of selling soul to the demon. It is all said that when the Illuminati have their target, their tactic is to see difficulty in the person. When the person cannot solve the problem, it makes them willing to do any solution that is passing by their thought, even it is to make

pacts with the demon. They sell their soul to the demon and hope their problems will come to relief.

4.1.3 Interpretation of Lose Yourself Lyric

Based on the elaboration of the lyric above, the Illuminati‟s message in

Lose Yourself lyric is that it connotes that the speaker persuades the listener who

has a talent yet cannot demonstrate it, to lose themselves in the music. „lose yourself‟ indicates a negative connotation. This „lose yourself‟ connotes as to

follow the religion held by the Illuminati, no longer believe in God, or to sell the soul to the demon. It is correlated with the behavior destructions which are encouraged by the Illuminati to establish the New World Order. Implicitly in this lyric, the speaker wants to make the one world government happen.

4.2 Orders of Signification of Rain Man Lyric 4.2.1 First Order of Signification of Rain Man Lyric

The linguistic devices found in „Rain Man‟ lyric are the use of repetition

and conative function, and also this lyric is examined through the narration device. First, there are three words which are repeated. Those are „offensive‟, „i

killed superman‟, and „bad guy‟. The repetition of the „offensive‟ word is found in

the very beginning of the lyric. It is said that “you find me offensive?/i find you offensive for finding me offensive” (1-2). It indicates that the speaker emphasizes

that he does an unpleasent thing for the word „offensive‟ denotes as rude, hurtful behavior, highly irritating or annoying. The next repetition words are repeated in

close proximity. It is said “I killed Superman, I killed Superman./And how ironic, that I'd be the bad guy”(22-23). The speaker statement of saying that he had killed Superman makes him think that he will be the bad guy. Moreover, the repetition

words for „bad guy‟ also found in another line. It is said “I am the bad guy/ Demonic, yep yep, don't worry I'm on it” (73-74). In these lines again the speaker emphasizes that he is a bad guy, and in the next line the speaker makes a statement that he is into demonic. In brief, these repetitions seem to emphasize that the speaker wants the listener to see that the speaker is a bad person.

Another examination is through the use of conative function found in these following lines:

Now in the Bible it says

Thou shalt not watch two lesbians in bed, Have homosexual sex

Unless of course you were given the consent to join in Then of course, it's intercourse

And it's bi-sexual sex

Which isn't as bad, as long as you show some remorse for your actions Either before, during or after performing the act (32-38)

The first thing that can be seen is that the speaker has limited the scope of the reference toward religion or belief. In this case it speaks about Christianity which can be seen through the first line, the speaker brings the „Bible‟ to refer to

the holy book of Christian. The „Bible‟ is used as the reference which shows the message, commands and rules to become a true Christian. It is also can be noticed

because the speaker quoted the words from Bible saying „thou shalt‟. The words

are adressed directly for the listener that he/she should not watch two lesbians in bed, and it is continued in the next line, to have homosexual sex. As what has

been already known, the word „lesbian‟ and „homosexual‟ means as the sexual

interest and attraction or sexual behavior between homogenous sex. For in fact, at some point in different times and in different cultures, homosexuality has variously been encouraged, approved, tolerated, or even punished and banned. Yet, for the Christian itself, homosexuality has generally viewed as the act of a sin. However, in the next lines the speaker then continued that the listener should not watch the lesbians doing homosexual sex unless the listener is asked to join the act. It is contrary to the Christian thought and it indicates that the speaker puts his thought in the lyric. Then in the next two lines, 36 and 37, the speaker states that the act of the two lesbians and the joiner are no longer being the homosexual but also the intercourse and also the bi-sexual. The using word of „intercourse‟ here means that the speaker assumes his listener as a male. Therefore, when a male join in a lesbian sexual action, it is not a homosexual act but turns into heterosexual. Thus, the action between them become bisexual.

The conative function is found in the seventh line. The speaker says to

„you‟ or to the listener that those act of sexual behavior is not bad as long as the

listener shows his „remorse‟ or in other word „regret‟ for doing that actions. By

giving an opinion, the speaker persuades the listener to think that those condemned action are not that bad as they thought, and still can be done or even accepted.

Based on the examination of the conative function above, it can be indicated that the speaker persuades the listener to think the same as the speaker. One thing that can be assumed, these lines denote that the speaker personally

agrees any kinds of sexual behavior, whether it is homosexual, or bi-sexual. Besides those three, the speaker also brings the act of sexual behavior between three people having intercourse, which is also condemned in the Christian. It shows that speaker persuades the listener to think the same as the speaker and agree about the actions.

Another method to find the first order of signification is through the examination of the narrative devices. The narrative devices can be identified by starting from these following lines

Hi, my name is... I forgot my name!

My name was not to become what I became with this level of fame My soul is possessed by this devil my new name is....

Rain Man (25-31)

In these lines, the speaker in this lyric has a role as both the subject and as the actor of the narration. Here, the speaker tries to introduce himself but then he forgets his own name. Then in the next line he says that his name is not to become what he became when he reaches the level of fame. In the next line, he then tells that his soul is being possessed by a devil which makes him changes his name to Rain Man.

Through the examination of narration devices, it can be concluded that the

subject is „I‟ or the speaker of the lyric. The speaker also has a role as the sender who provokes the listener to do such sexual immorality and also tells the listener that he is a bad person. It can be seen when the speaker emphasizes that he is a bad guy by doing murder and an offensive person. Those bad things, turns out, is the way to get something and it can be seen when the speaker narrates about

himself. The speaker said that after the speaker does such bad things, he gets fame. It indicates that bad actions are the helper and the fame becomes the object which the speaker uses to persuade the listener. The listener is the receiver who gets the desire to get the fame.

4.2.2 Second Order of Signification of Rain Man Lyric

Based on the elaboration of the first order of signification above, it can be seen that the lyric provokes moral destruction. It can be correlated with one of the

Illuminati‟s methods to achieve their main goal, the New World Order, which is by provoking moral destruction. It is seen when the speaker talks about Bible as a guide of life for Christians. However, the command which is written in the Bible

about the interest between the same sex is not same as the speaker‟s thought about

it. Bible condemns the act of sexual interest and attraction or sexual behavior between homogenous sex. Therefore, the speaker proposes a new Bible which is stating such act is not too bad and still can be done. It indicates that the speaker persuades the listener to do what has been condemned in the Christian. It is

correlated with the number one of the Illuminati‟s method to create the new world

order, which is to destruct the Christianity.

Next is the examination of the narration and how it is correlated with the Illuminati. The first thing that can be analyzed is the speaker description about himself when the speaker says that he forgot his name because his character described through his name is not suitable with the fame. In the line saying “my soul is possessed by this devil my new name is...” (30), the speaker says that his

soul is possessed by devil. The word „devil‟ may represent two meaning—a supernatural evil creature and the Illuminati. This line gives the reason of why the

speaker forgot his name. The word „possess‟ itself has two connotation. If it is

correlated with the devil as the supernatural evil creature, then „possess‟ means

that the soul has owned by the devil through the process of the selling soul. Next, if it is correlated with the Illuminati, it means that the speaker has given himself to the Illuminati and willing to do everything that the Illuminati asks to him. Both of them can make him to get what he wants in return. It can be seen in this lyric when the speaker says that his character described through his name is not suitable with the fame. It indicates that he has already been famous. As he is no longer has his own soul, whether it is owned by the devil or the Illuminati, the speaker changes his name to Rain Man.

Rain Man here is the term used to refer to the god of the Illuminati. It is

because the literal meaning of Rain Man itself. First, the word „rain‟, as cited from Oxford dictionary (2008: 362), is defined as “water that falls in drops from the clouds”. It means that it is something falls from above. Thus, Rain Man can be

referred to as „a man who falls from above‟. This definition can be correlated to

the Christianity. It is because in Christianity, there is a story about a wicked angel, Lucifer, that has been cast out of heaven. The story of Lucifer brings back to the story of Adam and Eve back then, when God forbid them to eat a fruit. Lucifer then comes to persuade them to violate the command. God then punished Lucifer by expelling him out of heaven to the earth and it makes him falling from heaven

to the earth. Then the name „Satan‟ came as the name of Lucifer after his fall. So

it can be assumed that Rain Man here is the reference to the Lucifer or Satan.

4.2.3 Interpretation of Rain Man Lyric

Based on the elaboration of the lyric above, the Illuminati‟s message in Rain Man lyric is that the lyric encourages self-destructive behavior. The speaker persuades the listener to think the same as the speaker who agrees any kinds of sexual behavior even which have been condemned. It brings back again to the

Illuminati‟s way to destruct moral people, which one of them through sexual

immorality. Besides the encouragement of self-destructive behavior, the other indication of the Illuminati in this lyric is the title of the song “Rain Man.” Turns out, Rain Man refers to the one whom the Illuminati worship. It refers to Lucifer, the wicked angel who is known for his falling and whose name is then changed to Satan. The speaker‟s statement that he changes his name into “Rain Man” after he gets fame means that he has given up his soul to get famous.

4.3 Orders of Signification of Stay Wide Awake Lyric 4.3.1 First Order of Signification of Stay Wide Awake Lyric

Firstly, the first order of signification in this lyric is examined by its

repetition words. The repetition words contained in this lyric are “follow me” (1),

“a world so dark” (11, 37, 38, 66, 98) and “a world so cold” (12, 37, 39, 67, 99).

For the words “dark” and “cold” itself are repeated for twelve times. The

follow him. The speaker really wants the listener to follow him as he repeats the invitation twice. The repetition words “a world so dark” and “a world so cold” are repeated for each five times. Those repetition words are repeated in close proximity and they come for the first time in these following lines

Yeah, yeah, follow me, follow me

Come with me to the dark side of the force No man would boldly go to this place

The devil only knows of this world so dark And oh so cold, it's oh so cold, oh so cold oh! (1-5)

The words “dark” and “cold” are used by the speaker to describe a place. As on the surface, the speaker seems to introduce a place and he persuades the listener by saying “follow me” and “come with me”. It indicates that the speaker asks the listener to go together. In the second line the speaker then describes the

place again by saying that the place is “the dark side of the force” (2). In the next two lines, 3 and 4, the speaker gives the description again that the place is where

no one dares to go and only “the devil” who knows the place. The repetition of the

words “dark” and “cold” also found in these next following lines A world so dark

A world so cold

A world where only some will go But not return, when will they learn Were do they go god only knows Stay Wide Awake (11-16)

Here again, the speaker uses the words “dark” and “cold” to describe the place the speaker and the listener is going to. The speaker then gives another description about the place: that this place is not just a place, this is the place where not everyone has the will to go. However, as described in the next line,

once go there, there is no turning back. Then the speaker seems to wonder to

himself as he asks why „they‟ never learn, and where do „they‟ go, then he replies

that only God who knows.

The repetition of the words “dark” and “cold” do not stop there. The speaker again says those words as in the following lines

So dark and so cold my friends don't know this other side of me There's a monster inside of me it's quite ugly and it frightens me (44-45)

Here the speaker repeats those words to give another description about the place. However, in these lines, the speaker gives a suprising description. It turns out, that the place and the world the speaker is referring to in the beginning of the lyric, is something inside him. It shows in the first line when the speaker tells that the place which is so dark and so cold is his other side where no one knows about it. The speaker then tells again that in his other side, there is an ugly monster and it scares him.

Those repetition words also can be categorized as the conative function.

From the use of imperative words “follow me” which are repeated twice, it indicates that the speaker persuades the listener to follow him to some place

which he describes as the „dark‟ and „cold‟ place. The listener is given a desire and is provoked to follow the speaker.

Another examination is through the narration. Narrative device is obviously seen and can be identified by looking into these following lines

I enter Central Park, it's dark, it's winter in December I see my target, put my car in park and approach a tender Young girl by the name of Brenda and I pretend to befriend her

Sit down beside her like a spider

Hi there, girl, you mighta heard of me before See whore, you're the kinda girl that I'da

Assault and rape and figure why not try to make your pussy wider Fuck you with an umbrella, then open it up while that shit's inside ya I'm the kinda guy that's mild but I might flip and get a little bit wilder Impregnate a lesbian (18-25)

In these lines, the speaker is the subject of the narration.The speaker puts himself in a park on December when the speaker sees his target and comes to her. Turns out in the second line the speaker seems to get acquainted and knows that the target is a young girl name Brenda. The speaker seems to convinces the girl

that he is a nice guy, when he it is not, as he uses the word „pretend‟. The speaker

then tells that he is sitting next to her as he starts to make a conversation. However, the conversation begins in impolite way. First, the speaker assumes that

the girl already knows him, then next, the speaker greets the young girl as „whore‟

which is a rude word directed to a woman who engages in sexual acts for money. Then the speaker tells the girl that she is the kind of girl that the speaker will give an attack and rape and do other ill-treatment. However, after the speaker mentions such terrible things, in the last two lines, he states himself that he is the kind of mild guy. Mild is a word denotes to the person who is gentle in nature or behavior and not strong in action. Still, the speaker then tells again that he might flip and get a little bit wilder. It can be meant that his mild behavior may sometimes change and turn into something wild, which in the next line he gives an example that is impregnate a lesbian. Such ill-treatment that the speaker does to a young girl, actually, refers to the real event. It can be seen in these following lines

you see I might just be Ted Bundy Or Satan

I'm crazy but it's alright with me, man (57-58)

In the first line, the speaker identifies himself as Ted Bundy. As according to Murderpedia written by Juan Ignacio Blanco, Ted Bundy refers to Theodore

Robert “Ted” Bundy who is known as American serial killer, rapist, and

kidnapper. He is punished for his action which assaulted and murdered numerous young women and girls. It is known also that because his handsome and his charismatic, he easily approaches women and girls in public places. After he got to know his victim, he then assaulted them at more secluded locations to do such

sexual acts. Besides Ted Bundy, the speaker also compares himself with “Satan”.

As cited in Merriam-Webster dictionary (2014), “Satan” is „the rebellious angel

who in Christian belief is the adversary of God and lord of evil‟. Indirectly, the speaker identifies himself as bad person as he compares himself to Ted Bundy, and or as the adversary of God as he compares himself to Satan. The speaker says in the last line that he is crazy, yet he seems fine with it.

By examining the narration, it is found that „I‟ is the subject and also as the sender of the lyric. The speaker has a role as the sender because he provokes or motivates an action. The action is to follow the speaker to the „cold‟ and „dark‟ place. „you‟ becomes the receiver of the action and it refers to the listener of the lyric and the people as universal.

4.3.2 Second Order of Signification of Stay Wide Awake Lyric

From the above explanation of the conative function, it is found the speaker persuades the listener to follow him to some place which he describes as the dark and cold place. For the repetition words, as what has been discussed before, the word “follow me” which is repeated twice indicates that the speaker really wants the listener to go with him. Another repetition words are “dark” and

“cold” which are repeated twelve times. The word „dark‟ can be correlated with

wickedness or evil and it can be seen from the using of the word „dark‟ which is

always associated with evil, ugliness, scary monsters, and other super creepy

things. It refers to the Western culture where „dark‟ is marked by „darkness‟ and „blackness‟. In the Bible itself, it stands for the devil, the evil, the pain and the misfortune. It also can be associated with the hatred or the enmity. In the figure of

speech, it gives people the feeling of terror. These expressions of „dark‟ are all

related to the bad, evil, indignant characteristics in Western culture. In this lyric

„dark‟ is also associated with „cold‟ which is described as the same place. It is because usually, the place which is dark, it has a relatively low temperature.

The words „dark‟ and „cold‟ are used to describe the place they are

heading to, which then turns out, refers to the speaker himself. It is based on the lyric saying “so dark and so cold my friends don't know this other side of me” (12). The speaker uses another reference to the place, they are “the dark side of the force” (2), and “the devil only knows of this world” (4).

First, “the dark side of the force” denotes that there is a side of the force

with the connotative meaning of „dark‟, it indicates that “the dark side of the force” means the speaker‟s other side has an evil power. The next description

about his other side is that „the devil only knows of this world so dark‟ (4). The term „devil‟ is sometimes used to refer to demons, and it more often refers to the evil spirit. The part of the lyric indicates that the place inside the speaker is so powerful and the devil possesses the place which makes the speaker afraid as seen

from the line “there's a monster inside of me it's quite ugly and it frightens me” (13). Thus, the speaker tries to explain that inside him there is an evil power which is so powerful and he cannot control it since only the devil who knows the place.

The next is the speaker‟s description of equaling himself to Ted Bundy and Satan. His equaling to Ted Bundy indicates that the speaker associates himself as a serial killer, rapist, and kidnapper. Next, he even calls himself as Satan. As cited in Oxford dictionary (2008: 390), Satan is a synonym word for Devil which the speaker has mentioned before as the only one who knows the

darkness of the place. Beside Devil, the word „satan‟ is also associated with

Lucifer. Lucifer is the Fallen Angel whose name changed into Satan after he has been cast out of heaven. As the matter of fact, what lies inside the mindset of the

Illuminati is that Satan is the one who has to be worshipped. „Satan‟ which is synonym with „Lucifer‟ is the „God‟ for them. The religion and philosophy of the

4.3.3 Interpretation of Stay Wide Awake Lyric

Based on the elaboration of the lyric above, the Illuminati‟s reference in Stay Wide Awake lyric is shown in the repetition of the words “dark” and “cold” . The words “dark” and “cold” give an evil impression. The repetition itself emphasizes a particular theme. The speaker persuades the listener to follow him to the dark and cold place, which then is known that it is the other side of him. In the dark place, the speaker identifies himself as Ted Bundy, who is the bad guy, or as Satan. So it can be concluded that the speaker declared himself as Satan who persuades the listener to do sin and the sin is reflected by the bad behavior of Ted Bundy, who is a killer and a kidnapper.

4.4 Orders of Signification of My Darling Lyric 4.4.1 First Order of Signification of My Darling Lyric

The linguistic devices found in this lyric are the repetition and the use of direct speech. This lyric is also examined through the narration device. First, the repetition words found in this lyric are “soul” and “mirror”. Those repetition words are repeated four times each. The following are the parts of the lyric that

use the word „soul‟: “who are willing to sell/their souls for this rap game” (24-25), “your soul’s mine” (57), “you sold your soul to me” (92), and “I possess your soul” (34).The use of the word „soul‟ in those parts of the lyric indicates the

act of selling soul which is shown in the words “to sell their souls” and “you sold your soul to me”. The lyric also shows there is someone who seems to remind the one who has sold his soul and the soul is no longer his/her own soul anymore.

„mirror‟ is another word which is repeated and it can be seen in these following parts of the lyric: “I look in the mirror” (29), “The mirror grows lips and it whispers "Come nearer"”(30),“Fuck this mirror! AHHHHHHH”(69),“"I'm not in the mirror I'm inside you”(70). In the plane of denotation itself, „mirror‟ can be

defined as „a surface, typically of glass coated with a metal amalgam, which reflects a clear image‟. Mirror shows a reflection that stands in front of it. In the lyric, it says that the one who looks the mirror is the speaker itself when the

speaker says “I look in the mirror” (29). From this, it can be assumed that actually, the speaker is talking either to himself and his own mind. However, the speaker seems angry to himself that he gives it a curse word.

Another examination is through the direct speech occurs in the lyric. The direct speech used by the speaker indicates that the speaker wants to engage the listener fully and gives the view directly to the listener. The direct speech happens between the speaker and the mirror which is the speaker himself as seen in the following lines:

"Shady, I know you're in there, so where? Come here Talk to me, sit here, pull up a chair

Why don't you cut your hair? Hahahahaha Dye it back, come on, try it" AHHHHHHHHH No, I told you, leave me the fuck alone will you? "But I'm here to rebuild you", But I already killed you! "But Shady, we were meant for eachother

Think about your mother", yeah so what of her?

"Well think about what she did to you and your little brother All them foster homes...", fuck you motherfucker!

I had you beat "No I was playin' possom, remember? I let you watch your little girls blossom

I gave you enough time, your soul’s mine I'm taking it back", you fucking bitch WHY! "Because I love you, look a little closer Isn't that us on that poster? haha" (39-54)

The direct speech above shows that the speaker takes the listener to see that there is a conversation happens. The conversation happens between the speaker and himself as the mirror. The speaker is known then as “Shady”. The change of the conversation between Shady and the mirror can be seen from the

use of the punctuation quotation mark “”. The mirror‟s words is in the quote,

while Shady is in not. It can be seen that the first four lines the direct speech is uttered by the mirror. The mirror invites Shady to sit near him and have a little talk to him. However in the fifth line, from the direct speech of Shady, it indicates that he looks do not want to be bothered and asks the mirror to leave him alone. The mirror refuses Shady‟s request as in the next line the mirror tries to convince

Shady that he is here to „rebuild‟ him. Shady‟s direct speech telling that he had

killed the mirror shows that he starts to angry. However in the next following lines the direct speech uttered by the mirror shows that the mirror keeps persuading Shady that they cannot be separated. the mirror then asks Shady to remember about his mother and all she did in the past. Shady says again that he

had beaten him, but the mirror answers that he was just „playing possom‟. The

next direct speech uttered by the mirror in the line 56 and 57 saying “I let you watch your little girls blossom/I gave you enough time, your soul’s mine I'm taking it back” shows that the mirror keeps reminding Shady of what the mirror has given to him. The mirror then points out that Shady‟s soul is owned by the mirror, and he wants to take it back. The direct speech does not stop there, it continues in the next following lines.

"Shady, listen... "SHADY!", you hear that?

But I don't want it back! "Yes you do..."

No I don't! "Yes you do, you're gonna regret it later!" No I won't! (55-59)

From the first line, it can be seen that in the direct speech uttered by the mirror by using the word „listen‟, it indicates that the mirror asks Shady to give his attention to him. Then the mirror gives Shady a question that if Shady can hear his name is shouted. Then, in the next line, Shady is forced by him. From the

second line, he seems to persuade Shady by offering to bring Shady‟s career back.

Shady‟s refusal to what the mirror is persuaded is shown in the next line. the mirror keeps forcing and it happens for the next three lines.

Fuck this mirror! AHHHHHHH

"I'm not in the mirror, I'm inside you, let me guide you" Fuck you, die you son of a bitch

"Put the gun down", BYE BYE! Ok I'm still alive, "So am I too!

You can't kill a spirit, even if you tried to

Haha, you sold your soul to me, need I remind you? You remember that night you, prayed to god

You'd give anything to get a record deal, well Dre signed you This is what you wanted your whole life Marshall, right through Look at this house, look at these cars, I'm so nice, wooo!

Oh, but you didn't know, fame has a price too (69-80)

In the first line, Shady‟s direct speech utters the curse word indicates his anger to the mirror. However the mirror then says that he is not in the mirror, but he is inside Shady. The direct speech in the third line which is uttered by Shady also indicates that Shady is so angry to the mirror and wants him to die. The mirror‟s order which is given to Shady in the next line shows that Shady is

holding a gun and ready to shoot. Shady‟s direct speech in the next line implies

that Shady cannot kill a spirit. the mirror then gives direct speech again to remind Shady that he had sold his soul to the mirror. In the next following lines the mirror still continue to remind Shady that Shady once would to give anything to get a record deal, and how Shady got the house and cars. the mirror also says that the fame that Shady got has a price. Beside reminding the speaker, the mirror also persuades the speaker by repeating to say that the mirror and Shady cannot be separated. It can be seen in the chorus of the lyric as the part of the lyric which is always repeated. The chorus is:

My Darling, I don't ever want you to leave me My Darling, you and me were meant to be together

My Darling, and if I cannot have you, no one can, you're my

My Darling, cause I possess your soul, your mind, your heart and your body (31-34)

Those lines are the direct speech that the mirror utters to the speaker as an

inducement. The mirror keeps calling the speaker by „darling‟. The speaker keeps

persuading the speaker by saying that the mirror does not want the speaker to leave him. The mirror also says that they are meant to be together. In the third line, the mirror seems to threaten the speaker by saying that there is no one can have him if the mirror cannot as well. Then in the last line the mirror emphasizes by saying that he possess the speaker

After the linguistic devices, this lyric is also examined through the narration devices in these following lines

Always thought if you was gonna murder somebody you should face em Tell em why, look them dead in the eye, then waste em

And the dark shall emerge from the fiery depths of hell And swallow the shell of the hollow who dwell

their souls, for this rap game, now follow me

There's nothing else for me to say, my public adores me Everybody bores me, they're just so corny

So at night before I sleep, I look in the mirror

The mirror grows lips and it whispers "Come nearer" (20-30)

In these lines, the speaker says that if the listener was going to murder somebody, then they have to face them, give the reason of killing them, look them dying in the eye, then throw the corpse away. The speaker also tells about the dark which may appear as the situation after killing somebody. In the next line, the speaker then takes the listener to another topic. The speaker then says that his public adores him but yet they bore him because they are corny. It makes him want to look in the mirror at night before he sleeps, but the mirror then whispers him to come nearer.

Based on the elaboration of the narration device above, it shows that the speaker has a role as the sender who gives a desire to act. The desire is directed to

„you‟ as the receiver. „you‟ in this context refers to the listener of the lyric. The

desire itself is given as if the listener is going to commit murder.

4.4.2 Second Order of Signification of My Darling Lyric

From the elaboration of the narration, it can be indicated that the speaker suggests the listener to do murder. From the way the speaker gives his suggestion, it can be seen that the suggestion shows such horrible act as the speaker says that when do murder the listener should face them, tell them the reason for murdering, look them dying in the eye, then throw the corpse away (20). The suggestion of

the act can be related to the self-destructive behavior that the Illuminati encourages.

However, almost the whole content of the lyric is about the conversation between Shady and the mirror which is indicated by himself. From the whole conversation, it can be seen that the speaker has a debate with himself. The debate shows that the speaker refuses to be famous again. It can be seen by how the

speaker‟s denial in the lines “”...I can bring your career back"/But I don't want it back! (18-19). On one side, the mirror keeps persuading the speaker by promising

to bring back the speaker‟s career. However, the speaker keeps refusing the

mirror. Then, to persuade the speaker to go back to fame again, the mirror keeps reminding the speaker for what he had done by saying it repeatedly. The mirror‟s

words which is repeated is about the „soul‟.. The first comes when the speaker says „...who are willing to sell/their souls, for this rap game‟ (24-25). According

to Mike Min (2010), „rap game‟ is used by rap artists to refer to the act of getting

record deals and getting rich. It is strengthened by the statement of the mirror when he reminds the speaker about a record deal, things mentioned are house and cars, and statement saying that “fame has a price too” (20). It is correlated with the act of selling soul that the Illuminati do in order to get fame and wealth. Turns out, the speaker seems to do such thing and it is shown in this lyric when the man keeps reminding the speaker that he sold his soul to the man.

4.4.3. Interpretation of My Darling Lyric

Based on the elaboration of the lyric above, this lyric provokes self-destructive behavior by encouraging the act of violence. Again, it is correlated with the goal of the Illuminati which is to destruct behavior of people. Besides, this lyric also tells about the debate between the speaker and the mirror. The mirror, turns out, is the speaker itself. Here in this lyric, the speaker seems to argue with his other side and want to be apart from it. A correlation between this lyric and the Illuminati is that this lyric is an illustration of the debate occurs between the speaker and the part of him being Illuminati. It can be seen when the

speaker‟s part keep reminding the speaker that his soul has been sold, and that the

Illuminati has given him a fame. Thus, it can be interpreted that when one has become the member of illuminati s/he cannot be parted with it.

behavior even which they have been condemned. Beside the encouragement of self-destructive behavior, the speaker‟s statement of saying that he is Rain Man also refers to the Illuminati. Rain Man refers to the „god‟ of the Illuminati named Lucifer. Lucifer is the wicked angel whose name is then changed to Satan.

The first order of signification found in “Stay Wide Awake” lyric is the repetition, conative function, and the narration device. The second order of signification referring to the Illuminati is that in this lyric, the speaker persuades the listener to follow his other side of him, which he states as Satan. The speaker in this lyric declares himself as Satan who is commanded by God to tempt humans to sin. The sin is relected in the lyric when the speaker gives the narration of doing such ill-treatment of sexual immorality. Besides, it must be noted again that for the Illuminati, Satan is the one who has to be worshipped. It is correlated with the religion of the Illuminati that is Lucifierianism or Satanism.

The first order of signification found in “My Darling” lyric is the repetition, direct speech, and the narration device. The second order of signification referring to the Illuminati is the encouragement of doing violence and the debate between the speaker and an evil side of him as the part of being Illuminati. The speaker‟s illuminti part keeps reminding the speaker that his soul has been sold, and it gives him the fame.

Based on the examination of the first and second order of signification in the previous chapter, it can be concluded that the four analyzed lyrics above have a reference to the Illuminati. The reference is indicated from the message of self-destructive behavior and the term used by the Illuminati.

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5.2 SUGGESTION

This study is expected to be a reference for those who want to have better understanding about lyric. To understand lyric means to understand its meaning. Lyric is an interesting literary work which needs a special method in understanding the meaning. So, to reveal the meaning of a lyric, this study provides an effective method by using semiotics theory of orders of signification by Roland Barthes. However, eventhough this study has revealed the first and the second order of signification, this study can still be developed. It is because this study has only reached the meaning and the message that the speaker conveys. It will be more interesting if the analysis comes into the ideology level. In other words, the role of Eminem as the writer of the lyrics, also becomes the object of the study to analyze the ideology of Eminem reflected in his lyrics. In that case, by expanding Roland Barthes‟ theory of orders of signification, an ideology reflected in a text can be revealed. It is due to the fact that Barthes was convinced that „text‟ also possesses a notion of ideology.

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a. Name : Dhania Ayu Nugraha

b. Place and Date of Birth : Bandung, 25 December 1992 c. Home Address : Jl. Pekalongan no. 25

Antapani, Bandung

d. Phone : 083822147841

e. Sex : Female

f. Citizenship : Indonesia

g. Religion : Moeslem

B. FORMAL EDUCATION 2.1 Formal Education

No. Year Institution

1. 1998 - 2004 SD Muhammadiyah 7 Bandung

2. 2004 - 2007 SMPN 4 Bandung

3. 2007 - 2010 SMA Pasundan 2 Bandung

4. 2010 - 2014 English Department

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C. INFORMAL EDUCATION

3. EXPERIENCES

No. Year Seminar/Achievement

1 2013 as a performer of Hari Sastra 2013

2 2013 Global Peace Volunteer Seminar

3 2013 as the Committee and Participant of Workshop Translation “Building The Translation Skill and Confidence”

4 2013 as a participant in TBI English Challenge

5 2013 as the Committee and Participant of Copywriting Seminar “Go Viral”

No. Year Organization

1. 2012 - 2013 HIMA