LN(1, 0.150) kpsi, K f = 1.598 LN(1, 0.15), 5–3 (a) MSS: n = 2.17, DE: n = 2.50, (b) MSS:

37.6 LN(1, 0.150) kpsi, K f = 1.598 LN(1, 0.15), 5–3 (a) MSS: n = 2.17, DE: n = 2.50, (b) MSS:

␴ = 22.8 LN(1, 0.15) kpsi, z = −2.373, R = 0.991 n = 1.45, DE: n = 1.56, (c) MSS: n = 1.52, DE: n = 1.65, (c) MSS: n = 1.27, DE: n = 1.50

5–9 (a) DE: σ ′ = 12.29 kpsi, n = 3.42

B–7 Chapter 7

7–1 (a) DE-Gerber: d = 1.02 in, (b) DE-Elliptic: r = −0.56, n = 1.77

5–10 (a) DCM: σ 1 = 90 kpsi, σ 2 = 0, σ 3 = −50 kpsi,

d = 1.01 in, (c) DE-Soderberg: d = 1.09 in, 5–12 (a) MNS: n

= 3.89 (d) DE-Goodman: d = 1.07 in 5–13 (a) σ A B 7–2 =σ Using DE-Elliptic, d = 20 kpsi, r = 1, n = 1.5 = 24 mm, D = 32 mm,

r = 1.6 mm

5–20 (σ t ) max = 13.21 kpsi, σ l = 6.48 kpsi, σ r

7–14 = −500 psi, σ (a) ω = 11.9 kpsi, n = 3.87 = 868 rad/s (b) d = 2 in

(c) ω = 1736 rad/s (doubles)

5–23 Using BCM, select d

8 in

7–16 (b) ω = 466 rad/s = 4450 rev/min 5–27 d = 18 mm 7–20 d min = 45.043 mm d max = 45.059 mm, 5–34 (a) δ = 0.0005 in, p = 3516 psi,

(σ t ) i = −5860 psi, (σ r ) i = −3516 psi, D min = 45.000 mm, D max = 45.025 mm, (σ t ) o = −9142 psi, (σ r ) o = −3516 psi

7–23 (a) d min = 1.5017 in, d max = 1.5023 in, 5–38 n o = 2.81, n i = 2.41

D min = 1.5000 in, D max = 1.5010 in, 5–43 p = 29.2 MPa

(b) p min = 4480 psi, p max = 14 720 psi, (c) Shaft: n = 3.9, hub: n = 2.1 (d) Assuming f = 0.3, T = 9500 lbf-in

1036 Budynas−Nisbett: Shigley’s

Back Matter

Appendix B: Answers to

© The McGraw−Hill

Mechanical Engineering

Selected Problems

Companies, 2008

Design, Eighth Edition

Answers to Selected Problems

B–8 Chapter 8

9–10 First: horizontal parallel beads. Second: square

beads

8–1 (a) Thread depth 2.5 mm, thread width 2.5 mm,

9–11 = 22.5 mm, d Decisions: Pattern; all-around square = 20 mm, l = p = 5 mm

Electrode: E60XX

8–4 T R = 16.23 N · m, T L = 6.62 N · m, e = 0.294 Type: two parallel fillets, two transverse fillets 8–8 F = 161 lbf

Length of beads: 12 in

8–11 L T = 1.25 in, L G = 1.109 in, H = 0.4375 in,

Leg: 1 4 in

L G + H = 1.5465 in, use 1.75 in, l d = 0.500 in,

9–20 τ max = 18 kpsi

l t = 0.609 in

9–22 n = 3.57

8–13 L T = 1.25 in, l ′ = 1.125 in, L>h + 1.5d = 1.625 in, use 1.75 in, l d = 0.500 in, l t = 0.625 in

B–10 Chapter 10

8–15 (a) k b = 1.02(10 6 ) lbf/in, k m = 1.27(10 6 ) lbf/in,

10–3 (a) L 0 = 5.17 in, (b) F S sy = 45.2 lbf,

C = 0.445, (b) F i = 11 810 lbf (c) k = 11.55 lbf/in, (d) (L 0 ) cr = 5.89 in, guide (c) P 0 = 21280 lbf

spring

8–18 Frusta to Wileman ratio is 1.11/1.08 10–5 (a) L 0 = 47.7 mm, (b) p = 5.61 mm, (c) F s = 8–22 n = 4.73

81.1 N, (d) k = 2643 N/m, (e) (L 0 ) cr = 105.2 mm,

needs guidance

8–23 n = 5.84

0 ≤ 0.577 in = 4.63 Mlbf/in, k m = 7.99 Mlbf/in using

10–9 Is solid safe, L

8–27 k b

frustums 10–15 Is solid safe, L 0 ≤ 66.6 mm

8–34 (a) L = 2.5 in, (b) k b = 6.78 Mlbf/in,

10–19 (a) p = 10 mm, L s = 44.2 mm, N a = 12 turns,

(b) k = 1080 N/m, (c) F s = 81.9 N, (d) τ s = (d) n f = 4.19, (e) n proof = 1.17,

k m = 14.41 Mlbf/in, C = 0.320 (c) n f = 2.76,

271 MPa

8–37 Load: n = 3.19. Separation: n = 4.71. Fatigue: 10–29 (a) L 0 = 16.12 in, (b) τ i = 14.95 kpsi, n f = 3.27

(c) k = 4.85 lbf/in, (d) F = 85.8 lbf, (e) y

= 14.4 in

8–43 Bolt shear: n

= 3.26. Bolt bearing: n = 5.99.

Member bearing: n ′ = 3.71. Member tension: 10–33 (a) k = 24.7 lbf · in/turn each, (b) 297 kpsi n = 5.36

10–34 k = 2E I /[R 2 ( 19π R + 18l)] 8–48 F = 1.99 kN 8–50 Bearing on bolt, n = 9.58;

B–11 Chapter 11

shear of bolt, n = 5.79;

bearing on members, n = 540, F = 2.278 kN, C 10 = 18.59 kN,

11–1 x D D

02–30 mm deep-groove ball bearing, R bending of members, n

11–8 x D = 180, C 10 = 57.0 kN 11–11 C 10 = 8.90 kN

B–9 Chapter 9

11–13 R 0 = 112 lbf, R C = 298 lbf, deep-groove 9–1 F = 17.7 kip

02–12 mm at O, deep-groove 02–30 mm at C 9–3 F = 11.3 kip

11–18 l 2 = 0.267(10 6 ) rev

9–5 (a) τ ′ = 1.13F kpsi, τ x ′′ =τ y ′′ = 5.93F kpsi, τ max = 9.22F kpsi, F = 2.17 kip; (b) τ all = 11 kpsi,

B–12 Chapter 12

F all = 1.19 kip

9–8 F min = 0.000 75 in, r = 0.500 in, r/c = 667,

12–1 c

= 49.2 kN N j = 18.3 r/s, S = 0.261, h 0 / c = 0.595, r f/c = 5.8,

A two-way tie for first, vertical parallel beads, and Q/(r cN l) = 3.98, Q s / Q = 0.5, h 0 = 0.000 446 in, square beads

H = 0.0134 Btu/s, Q = 0.0274 in 3 /s,

= 0.0137 in 3 /s

Budynas−Nisbett: Shigley’s

1037 Mechanical Engineering

Back Matter

Appendix B: Answers to

© The McGraw−Hill

Selected Problems

Companies, 2008

Design, Eighth Edition

Mechanical Engineering Design

12–3 SAE 10: h 0 = 0.000 275 in, p max = 847 psi, 14–18 W t = 1283 lbf, H = 32.3 hp (pinion bending);

c min = 0.0025 in W t = 1510 lbf, H = 38.0 hp (gear bending), 12–7 h 0 W = 0.0165 mm, f = 0.007 65, t = 265 lbf; H = 6.67 hp (pinion and gear wear)

Q = 1263 mm 3 /s 14–22 W t = 775 lbf, H = 19.5 hp (pinion bending); 12–9 t h

0 = 0.010 mm, H = 34.3 W, Q = W = 300 lbf, H = 7.55 hp (pinion wear) AGMA 1072 mm 3 /s, Q

3 s = 793 mm /s method accounts for more conditions 12–11 T av = 65 ◦

0 = 0.0272 mm, H = 45.2 W, C, h 14–24 Rating power = min(157.5, 192.9, 53.0, 59.0) = Q

s = 1712 mm /s

53 hp

15.2 mPa ·s 14–28 Rating power = min(270, 335, 240, 267) =

240 hp 14–34 H = 69.7 hp

B–13 Chapter 13

35 teeth, 3.25 in

B–15 Chapter 15

13–2 400 rev/min, p = 3π mm, C = 112.5 mm

P = 690 lbf, H 1 = 16.4 hp, W G = 620 lbf, 13–4 a = 0.3333 in, b = 0.4167 in, c = 0.0834 in,

15–1 W t

H 2 = 14.8 hp

p = 1.047 in, t = 0.523 in, d 1 = 7 in, d 1b =

15–2 W t

6.578 in, d 2 = 9.333 in, d 2b = 8.77 in,

P = 464 lbf, H 3 = 11.0 hp, W G = 531 lbf,

p b c = 0.984 in, m H = 1.55 4 = 12.6 hp

15–8 13–5 Pinion core 300 Bhn, case, 373 Bhn; gear core d P = 2.333 in, d G = 5.333 in, γ = 23.63 Ŵ = 66.37 ◦ ,A

0 = 2.910 in, F = 0.873 in (a) 13, (b) 15, 16, (c) 18

339 Bhn, case, 345 Bhn

15–9 All four W 13–8 t = 690 lbf 13–10 10:20 and higher

15–11 Pinion core 180 Bhn, case, 266 Bhn; gear core,

180 Bhn, case, 266 Bhn

13–13 (a) p n = 3π mm, p t = 10.40 mm, p x = 22.30 mm, (b) m t = 3.310 mm, φ t = 21.88 ◦ , (c) d p = 59.58 mm,

B–16 Chapter 16

d G = 105.92 mm 16–1 (a) Right shoe: p a = 111.4 psi cw rotation, 13–15 e = 4/51, n d = 47.06 rev/min cw

(b) Right shoe: T = 2530 lbf · in; left shoe: 13–22 n A = 68.57 rev/min cw

1310 lbf · in; total T = 3840 lbf · in, (c) RH shoe:

13–29 F A = 71.5 i + 53.4 j + 350.5 k lbf, = −229 lbf, R = 940 lbf, R = 967 lbf; LH

F B = −178.4 i − 678.8 k lbf = 130 lbf, R = 171 lbf, R = 215 lbf 13–36 F C = 1565 i + 672 j lbf;

shoe: R x

16–3 LH shoe: T = 161.4 N · m, p a = 610 kPa; RH

F D = 1610 i − 425 j + 154 k lbf shoe: T = 59.0 N · m, p a = 222.8 kPa, T total =

220.4 N ·m

16–5 p a = 203 kN, T = 38.76 N · m

B–14 Chapter 14

16–8 a ′ = 1.209r , a = 1.170r

14–1 σ = 7.63 kpsi 16–10 P = 1560 lbf, T = 29 980 lbf · in 14–4 σ = 82.6 MPa

16–14 (a) T = 8200 lbf · in, P = 504 lbf, H = 26 hp; 14–7 F = 2.5 in

(b) R = 901 lbf; (c) p| θ =0 = 70 psi, 14–10 m = 2 mm, F = 25 mm

p | θ =270 ◦ = 27.3 psi

14–14 σ c = −617 MPa 16–17 (a) F = 1885 lbf, T = 7125 lbf · in; 14–17 W t

= 16 890 N, H = 97.2 kW (c) torque capacity exhibits a stationary point

(pinion bending); W t = 3433 N, H = 19.8 kW maximum

(pinion and gear wear) 16–18 (a) d = D/ 3; (b) d ∗ √ = 3.75 in, T ∗ = 7173 lbf · in; (c) (d/D) ∗ = 1/ 3 = 0.577

1038 Budynas−Nisbett: Shigley’s

Back Matter

Appendix B: Answers to

© The McGraw−Hill

Mechanical Engineering

Selected Problems

Companies, 2008

Design, Eighth Edition

Answers to Selected Problems

16–19 (a) Uniform wear: p a = 82.2 kPa, F = 949 N;

17–20 Select nine C270 belts, life > 10 9 passes, life >

(b) Uniform pressure: p a = 79.1 kPa, F = 948 N

150 000 h

16–23 C s = 0.08, t = 5.30 in 17–24 (b) n 1 = 1227 rev/min. Table 17–20 confirms 16–26 (b) I e =I M +I P

+n 2 I P

L / n +I 2 ;

this point occurs in the range 1200 ± 200 rev/min,

= 10 + 1 + 10 2 + 100/10 = 112 (c) Eq. (17–40) applicable at speeds exceeding 1227 16–27 (c) n ∗

(c) I e 2 ( 1)

= 2.430, m rev/min for No. 60 chain ∗ = 4.115, which are independent of I L

17–25 (a) H a = 7.91 hp; (b) C = 18 in; (c) T = 1164 lbf · in, F = 744 lbf

17–27 Four-strand No. 60 chain, N 1 = 17 teeth,

B–17 Chapter 17

N 2 = 84 teeth, rounded L/p = 134, n fs = 1.17, life

17–1 (a) F c = 0.913 lbf, F i = 101.1 lbf, F 1a = 147 lbf, 15 000 h (pre-extreme)

F 2 = 57 lbf; (b) H a = 2.5 hp, n fs = 1.0;

(c) 0.151 in

17–3 A-3 polyamide belt, b = 6 in, F c = 77.4 lbf,

B–20 Chapter 20

T = 10 946 lbf · in, F 1 = 573.7 lbf, F 2 = 117.6 lbf,

= 268.3 lbf, dip = 0.562 in x ¯x = 122.9 kilocycles, s = 30.3 kilocycles 17–5 (a) T

20–2 ¯x = 198.55 kpsi, s = 742.8 lbf · in, F x

i = 148.1 lbf;

= 9.55 kpsi

(b) b = 4.13 in; (c) F 1a = 289.1 lbf, F c = 17.7 lbf,

20–3 ¯x = 78.4 kpsi, s x = 6.57 kpsi

20–11 (a) ¯ F i = 5.979 lbf, s Fi = 0.396 lbf; n fs = 1.1

F i = 147.6 lbf, F 2 = 41.5 lbf, H = 20.6 hp,

(b) ¯k = 9.766 lbf/in, s k = 0.390 lbf/in 17–7 R x

1 2 ) = (F 2 +F {1 − 0.5[(D − d)/(2C)] },

20–19 L 10 = 84.1 kcycles

= (F = 1214.4 lbf, R y = 34.6 lbf

1 −F 2 )( D − d)/(2C). From Ex. 17–2,

With d

= 2 in, D = 4 in, life of 10 passes,

= 4.5 in, n 78.1 kcycles, 82.7 kcycles fs = 1.05 17–17 Select one B90 belt

Budynas−Nisbett: Shigley’s

1039 Mechanical Engineering

Back Matter

Index

© The McGraw−Hill

Companies, 2008

Design, Eighth Edition

Mechanical Engineering Design Mechanical Engineering Design Useful Tables

Index

A statistics, 957–982. See also

Bainite, 45

Abrasion, 723

Statistical considerations

Bairstow, L., 268n

Ball bearings, 550. See Rolling-constant Absolute system of units, 21

ABS group, 54

Anderson, G. P., 489

Angle of action, 662

bearings

Absolute tolerance system, 20

Angle of approach, 662

Ball bushings, 553

Absolute viscosity, 600

Band-type clutches/brakes, 824–825 Acetal group, 54

Angle of articulation, 888

Angle of recess, 662

Barsom, J. M., 272

Acme threads, 398–400

Angle of twist, 95, 97

Barth, Carl G., 719

Acrylic, 54

Barth equation, 719 Actual stress, 30

Angular-contact bearing, 551, 552

Base circle, 658, 660 Adams, R. D., 483, 489

Annealing, 45

Annular-pad segment of a caliper brake,

Base pitch, 662

Addendum, 656

Base units, 21

Addendum circle, 656

Anodizing, 51

Bathe, K. J., 953n

Adhesive bonding, 480–489

Answers to selected problems,

Bazant, Z. P., 182n

Adhesive joint design, 486–488

BCM theory, 227

Admiralty metal, 53

ANSYS, 934

Beach marks, 258

AGMA equations/standards

Beam. See also Shear, moment and bevel gears, 769–783

Antiflutter adhesive bonding, 481

deflection of beams spur and helical gears, 715–716,

Antifriction-bearing lubricant, 587

asymmetrical sections, 89–90 725–745

Antifriction bearings, 550. See also

bending moments, 71–72 worm gears, 789–792

Rolling–constant bearings

bending stresses, 85–90 AISC code, 471, 472

Arc of action, 664

curved, in bending, 112–116 Algor, 934

Arc of approach, 664

deflection, 146–156 Alkyd, 55

Arc of recess, 664

shear force, 71–72 Allowance, 19

Arc-weld symbol, 459

shear stresses, 90–95 Alloy cast irons, 50

Argyris, J. H., 935n

two-plane bending, 88 Alloy steels, 47–48

Arithmetic mean, 960

Beam deflection methods, 146–156 Allylic, 55

Ashby charts, 59–62

Bearing alloys, 637 Aluminum, 51–52

Ashby, Mike F., 57–62

Bearing characteristic number, 602 numbering system, 41

ASM Metals Handbook, 261

ASME-elliptic failure criterion,

Bearing life, 553

physical constants, 987

Bearing load-life log-log curve, 554 tensile tests, 1023

Bearing mountings, 571, 573, 587–590 Aluminum alloy, 51–52, 637, 1023,

ASTM numbering system, 41

Bearing pressure, 899–900 1027

ASTM specifications (steel bolts), 419

Bearing Selection Handbook–Revised, Aluminum alloy designations, 41

Atkins, Anthony G., 231n

Automated mesh generation, 943

Aluminum brass, 53

Automobile body, 481

Bearing stress, 437

Aluminum bronze, 53–54

Beer, F. P., 102n, 147n, 173n American Gear Manufacturers

Automotive axle, 348

Belegundu, A. D., 941n Association (AGMA), 714. See

Automotive disk brake, 829

Belleville springs, 539, 540 also AGMA equation/standards

Average life, 554

AWS code, 472

Belt, 860–887

flat. See Flat belts Amino group, 55

American Standard Pipe, 1019

AWS standard welding symbol, 458

nonreversing/reversing drives, 861 Anaerobic adhesives, 482

Axial pitch, 672, 675

round, 860. See also Flat belts Analysis and optimization, 7

Axle, 348

timing, 860, 862–863, 886–887 Analysis tools, 912–982

types, 860

case study. See Power transmission

V. See V belts

case study B Belting equation, 865, 867 FEA, 933–955. See also Finite-

Belt-tension schemes, 872 element analysis (FEA)

B 10 life, 554

Backlash, 656

Bending and deflection, 144–146

1040 Budynas−Nisbett: Shigley’s

Back Matter

Index

© The McGraw−Hill

Mechanical Engineering

Companies, 2008

Design, Eighth Edition

Index

Bending moments (beams), 71–72

Bolt preload, 411

Bending properties (fillet welds), 470

CAD software, 8–9, 934. See also Bending strength geometry factor,

Bolt strength, 417–421

Finite-element analysis (FEA) 732–733, 773, 774

Bolt torque/bolt tension, 422–425

Cadmium, 637 Bending strength stress-cycle factor,

Bolted and riveted joints loaded in

shear, 435–443

CAE, 9

Calculations and significant figures, Bending stress

Bonding, 480–489. See also Welding

and bonding—permanent joints

beams, 85–95

Caliper brakes, 829–833 bevel gears, 771, 779–782,

Book, overview, 4

Booser, E. R., 625n

Cantilever

end load, 993 Lewis bending equation, 714–723

Boresi, Arthur P., 117n, 215n

intermediate load, 993 spur and helical gears, 725–731, 746,

BOST-FLEX, 845

moment load, 994 750, 752–753

Bottom land, 656

uniform load, 994 torsion springs, 534

Boundary conditions, 945–946

Cap-screw heads, 409 welded joints, 469–471

Boundary elements, 946

Carbon steel, 987, 1030 Bennett, S. J., 489

Boundary lubrication, 599, 641

Carburized case-hard materials, Bergsträsser factor, 501, 519

Boundary representation (B-rep), 943

782–783 Beryllium bronze, 54

Boundary-lubricated bearings, 640–648

Carlson, Harold C. R., 506 Beryllium copper, 987

bushing wear, 643–646

Cartesian stress components, 75–76 Beryllium-copper wire, 508

linear sliding wear, 641–643

Cartridge brass, 53 Bethlehem Steel, 47

temperature rise, 646–648

Case hardening, 47 Bevel gears, 655, 670–671, 766–788.

Bowman Distribution, 424, 427

Case study. See Power transmission See also Gears

Boyd, John, 611–612

case study AGMA equation factors, 769–783

Brake linings, 843

Case-hardened part, 285–286 bending stress, 771, 779–782,

Brakes, 805–858. See also Clutches,

Cast iron, 41, 49–50. See also Gray 787–788

brakes, etc.

cast iron carburized case-hard materials,

Brandes, E. A., 283n

Cast steels, 51 782–783

Brass, 52–53, 987

Castigliano's theorem, 158–163, 502 contact stress, 768–771, 778, 779,

Breakeven points, 13–14

Casting alloys, 51 788

B-rep, 943

Castings materials, 49–57 design of straight-bevel gear mesh,

Brinell hardness, 36

Catalog load rating, 554 786–788

Brinson, H. F., 489

Catenary theory, 872 dynamic factor, 771–772

Brittle-Coulomb-Mohr (BCM) theory,

CD steel, 1020 elastic coefficient, 778

Brittle materials, 29, 106, 226–230. See

CDF, 959

Cedolin, L., 182n geometry factors, 773, 774

force analysis, 689–692

also Failure of brittle materials

Cellosics adhesive, 482 hardness-ratio factor, 776, 777

Broek, D., 231n

Centipoise (cP), 600 intersecting- vs. offset- shaft, 768

Broghamer, E. I., 723n

Centistokes (cSt), 600 load-distribution factor, 773

Bronze, 53–54

Central loading overload factor, 771

Brown, Thomas H., Jr., 46n, 47n, 165n,

columns, 173–176 reliability factors, 777, 778

275n, 349n, 370n, 379n, 507n,

fixed supports, 999 safety factors, 771

508, 738n

one fixed and one simple support, size factor, 773

Bubble chart, 59

Buckingham, Earle, 319–321, 792, 800,

straight-bevel gear analysis,

simple supports, 995 783–785

Centrifugal castings, 42, 667 stress cycle factors, 775, 776

Buckingham load-stress factor, 320

Centrifugal clutch, 812 stresses/strengths, 768–771, 778–782,

Buckingham wear load, 800–801

Centroidal axis, 85, 113 787–788

Buckingham's adaptation of Lewis

Ceramics, 57 through-hardening, 782

equation, 792

Cermet pads, 843 tooth system, 677

Budynas, Richard G., 83n, 97n, 107n,

CES Edupack, 57 types, 670–671, 766–768

113n, 147n, 157, 163n, 228n,

cgs units, 600 wear equations (summary), 781

946n, 949n

Chain drives, 887–895. See also Bevel lap joint, 483

Burnishing, 670

Roller chain Beyer, William H., 1038

Bushed-pin bearings, 641

Chain velocity, 889 Bilateral tolerance, 19

Bushing, 598, 638

Chains for Power Transmission and Binding head screw, 410

Bushing wear, 643–646

Materials Handling, 891 Bis-maleimide adhesive, 482

Butt and fillet welds, 460–463. See also

Chandrupatla, T. R., 941n Blake, J. C., 423n

Fillet welds

Charpy notched-bar test, 38, 39 Boedo, S., 934n

Butt strap lap joint, 483

Button-pad caliper brake, 832, 833

Chevron lines, 259

Budynas−Nisbett: Shigley’s

1041 Mechanical Engineering

Back Matter

Index

© The McGraw−Hill

Companies, 2008

Design, Eighth Edition

Mechanical Engineering Design Chilled-cast gears, 790

Contact fatigue strength, 320 Chordal speed variation, 890

screw threads, 407, 408

Contact geometry factor, 773, 774 Choudury, M., 415n, 416

worm gears, 795

Contact ratio, 664–665 Chrome-silicon wire, 506–508

Coefficient of speed fluctuation, 847

Contact strength, 320 Chrome-vanadium wire, 506–508

Coefficient of variation, 962

Contact stress, 117–120. See also Stress Chromium, 47

Coffin, L. F., Jr., 270n

Contact stress cycle factor for pitting Chromium-nickel stainless steels, 49

Cold drawing, 44

resistance, 775 Circle, 1016

Cold forming, 667

Continuous random variable, 959 Circular pitch, 655, 656, 672

Cold rolling, 44, 667

Cook, R. D., 949n, 953n Circular-pad caliper brake, 832, 833

Cold working, 33–35

Cold-drawn (CD) steel, 1020

Copper, 987

Clamshell marks, 258

Copper-base alloys, 52–54 Class frequency, 32

Cold-finished bars, 44

Copper-lead, 637 Claussen, G. E., 462n

Cold-rolled bars, 44

Correlation coefficient, 975 Clearance

Cold-work factor, 34

Cold-working processes, 44

Corrosion, 286

defined, 19

corrosion-resistant steels, 48–49 gears, 656

Collins, J. A., 272n, 296, 319n

Columns, 173. See also Compression

Cost, 12–15

journal bearings, 628–630

Cost estimates, 15 worm gears, 792

members

Coulomb-Mohr theory, 219–222 Clearance circle, 656

Combination of loading modes,

Couplings, 806, 844–845. See also Clearance fits, 385

Clutches, brakes, etc. Close running fit, 385

Commercial bronze, 52

Courant, R., 935n Closed thin-walled tubes, 102

Commercial seal, 590

Companion distribution, 967

cP, 600

Close-wound, 526

Crack formation, 259 Clough, R. W., 936n

Completely reversed sinusoidal

Crack growth, 232, 271–273 Clutches, brakes, etc., 805–858

stress, 293

Crack propagation modes, 233 band-type clutches/brakes, 824–825

Completely reversing simple loads, 309,

Crafts, W., 47n

brake linings, 843

Composite materials, 55–56

Creep, 39

Creep-time curve, 40 couplings, 806, 844–845

cone clutches/brakes, 833–835

Compound reverted gear train, 681, 914

Critical buckling load, 949–951 disk brake, 829–833

Compression members, 173–181

Critical frequency of helical springs, drum brake, 812–824, 829

columns with eccentric loading,

energy considerations, 836–837

Critical speeds, 371–376 external contracting clutches/brakes,

intermediate-length columns with

Critical stress intensity factor, 234 820–824

central loading, 176

Critical unit load, 174 factors to consider, 806

long columns with central loading,

Crossed belt, 861, 863 flywheel, 806, 846–851

Crowned pulleys, 860 friction materials, 841–844

struts, 180–181

Crowning factor for pitting, 773 frictional-contact axial clutch,

Compression springs, 502–503. See also

Mechanical springs

CSG, 943

end-condition constant, 504

cSt, 600

internal expanding clutches/brakes,

Cumulative density function (CDF), 959 812–820

fatigue loading, 518–524

Cumulative fatigue damage, 313–319 overload release clutch, 844, 845

spring ends, 502–503

Cumulative frequency distribution, 960 overrunning clutch/coupling, 845

static loading, 510–516

Cumulative probability distribution, 959 rim clutches/brakes, 812–820

Compressive strengths, 30–31

Curvature effect, 501–502 self-acting/self-locking phenomenon,

Compressive stress, 75, 182

Curved beams in bending, 112–116 809

Computational errors, 936

Curved members and deflection, 163–167 self-deenergization, 807

Computational tools, 8–9

Curved-beam theory, 534 self-energization, 807, 829

Computer-aided design (CAD), 8–9,

Cyanoacrylate adhesive, 482 shaft couplings, 845

934. See also Finite–element

Cyclic frequency, 286 slippage, 806

analysis (FEA)

Computer-aided engineering (CAE), 9

Cylinder, 1018

Cylindrical contact, 118–120 static analysis, 807–811

square-jaw clutch, 844, 845

Comyn, J., 483, 489

Cylindrical fit, 384 temperature rise, 837–841

Concept design, 6–7

Cone angle, 833

Coarse-pitch threads, 398, 399

Cone clutches/brakes, 833–835

Code, 12

Conical spring, 540

Coefficient of friction

Dahleh, Marie Dillon, 184n, 371n, 372n boundary-lubricated bearings, 642

Conjugate action, 657

Damage theories, 313–319 clutches/brakes, 809

Constant-force spring, 540, 541

Damage-tolerant design, 231 journal bearings, 618, 619

Constructive solid geometry (CSG), 943

Contact adhesives, 482

Dandage, S., 615

1042 Budynas−Nisbett: Shigley’s

Back Matter

Index

© The McGraw−Hill

Mechanical Engineering

Companies, 2008

Design, Eighth Edition

Index

Daniel, I. M., 55n

Eccentricity, 605 Datsko, Joseph, 34n, 1023

Die castings, 42, 667

Eccentricity ratio, 177, 605 DB mounting, 589

Dieter, George E., 8n

Economics, 12–15 DCM theory, 219–222

Dillard, David A., 480n

Edge shearing, 436, 437, 439 DE theory, 213–219, 246

Dimensioning, 19–21

Effective arc, 863 De Wolf, J. T., 102n

Dimension-series code, 560

Effective dimension, 281 Decimal inches (preferred sizes), 1015

Direct load, 440

Effective slenderness ratio, 504 Dedendum, 656

Direct mounting, 571, 573

EHD, 587, 599 Dedendum circle, 656

Directional characteristics, 285

Elastic coefficient, 724 Deep-groove bearing, 551

Discontinuity, 259

bevel gears, 778 Definition of problem, 6

Discrete frequency histogram, 961

spur and helical gears, 736, 737 Deflection

Discrete random variable, 959

Elastic creep, 863 FEA, 946

Discretization errors, 936

Elastic limit, 29 helical springs, 502

Disk brake, 829–833

Elastic machine elements. See Flexible power transmission systems, 926–927

Disk friction member, 826

mechanical elements shaft, 367–370

Distortion-energy (DE) theory,

Elastic stability, 182–183 SI units, 987

Elastic strain, 83–84 springs, 502, 534–536

dof's, 935, 939

Elasticity, 142 stiffness. See Deflection and stiffness

Dolan, Thomas J., 296, 723n

Elastic-strain line, 270 torsion springs, 534–536

Doorstop, 807, 808

Elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHD), Deflection and stiffness, 141–203. See

Double butt trap lap joint, 483

587, 599 also Shear, moment and deflection

Double helical gears, 671

Elastomers, 58 of beams

Double V-groove weld, 460

Electrolytic plating, 286 beam deflection methods, 146–156

Double-enveloping worm-gear set, 655

Element geometries, 937–939 bending and deflection, 144–146

Double-lap joint, 483, 484

Element library, 937 Castigliano's theorem, 158–163

Double-row bearings, 551, 552

Element loads, 945 compression members, 173–181. See

Double-strand roller chain, 887

Elimination approach, 941 also Compression members

Double-threaded, 396

End load, cantilever, 993 curved members, 163–167

Douglas fir, 987

End-condition constant, 174, 504 elastic stability, 182–183

Dowel pin, 379

End-of-chapter problems, answers, impact, 183–184

Dowling, N. E., 222, 228, 270n, 272,

1039–1043 shock, 183–184

294n

Endurance limit, 264, 274–275 spring rates, 142–143

Drawing, 46

case-hardened part, 285–286 statically indeterminate problems,

Drive pin, 379

corrosion, 286 168–173

Drum brake, 812–824, 829

cyclic frequency, 286 strain energy, 156–158

DT mounting, 589

directional characteristics, 285 suddenly applied loading, 184–186

Ductile cast iron, 50

electrolytic plating, 286 superimposition, 147–150

Ductile Coulomb-Mohr (DCM) theory,

frettage corrosion, 286 tension, compression, torsion, 143

loading factor, 282 variable-cross-section punch-press

Ductile materials, 29, 30, 211–225. See

metal spraying, 286 frame, 166–167

also Failure of ductile materials

miscellaneous-effects factor, 285–286 Degrees of freedom (dof's), 935, 939

Ductility, 34

modifying (Marin) factors, 278–286, Derived unit, 21

Dudley, Darle W., 730

323–326 Design, 4–5

Dunkerley's equation, 374

reliability factor, 284, 285 Design considerations, 8

Duplexing, 589

residual stress, 285 Design factor, 17–18

Dyn, 600

size factor, 280–281 Design factor in fatigue, 334–336

Dynamic equivalent radial loads,

stochastic analysis, 322–326 Design process, 5–7

surface factor, 279 Design tools and resources, 8–10

Dynamic factor

temperature factor, 282–284 Deterministic method, 16–17

bevel gears, 771–772

Endurance limit modifying factors, Deterministic quantity, 962

spur and helical gears, 736–738

278–286, 323–326 Deviation, 383

Dyne (dyn), 600

Energy

DeVries, K. L., 489 brakes/clutches, 836–837 DeWolf, J. T., 147n, 173n

E strain, 156–158 DF mounting, 589

Engineering, 264 Diameter series, 560

Eccentric loading

Engineering stresses/strengths, 30, 31 Diametral clearance, 19

columns, 176–180

Engineering stress-strain diagrams, 30 Diametral pitch, 656

shear joints, 439–443

Engineer's creed, 11 Diamond Chain Company, 894

Eccentrically loaded column, 176–180

Eccentrically loaded strut, 180

Engraver's brass, 53

Budynas−Nisbett: Shigley’s

1043 Mechanical Engineering

Back Matter

Index

© The McGraw−Hill

Companies, 2008

Design, Eighth Edition

Mechanical Engineering Design Ensign, C. R., 318n

Smith-Dolan locus, 306 EP lubricants, 640

ductile materials, 211–225. See also

Soderberg line, 297–298 Epicyclic gear trains, 683

Failure of ductile materials

strain-life method, 268–270 Epoxy, 55

failure theory selection flowchart,

stress concentration, 287–292, Eppinger, Steven D., 15n

fatigue failure, 257–345. See also

Equation

stress-life method, 266–268 AGMA. See AGMA

Fatigue failure—variable loading

surface fatigue strength, 319–322 equations/standards

static loading, 205–255. See also

torsional fatigue strength (fluctuating Barth, 719

Failure—static loading

Failure theory selection flowchart, 230

stress), 309

belting, 865, 867

Failure—static loading, 205–255

Fatigue loading

compression springs, 518–524 Euler's, 849

Dunkerley's, 374

brittle materials, 226–230. See also

tension joints, 429–435 Lewis bending, 714–723

Failure of brittle materials

welding, 478–480 Marin, 279

compression springs, 510–516

Fatigue ration, 322, 324 modified Neuber, 327

ductile materials, 211–225. See also

Fatigue strength, 267, 275–278 multipoint constraint, 946

Failure of ductile materials

Fatigue strength coefficient, 269 Neuber, 288

failure theory selection flowchart,

Fatigue strength exponent, 270 Newton's energy loss, 838–839

Fatigue stress-concentration factor, normal coupling, 241

fracture mechanics, 231–240

photographs of failed parts, 206–208

Petroff's, 602

Fatigue-life methods, 265–274 piecewise differential, 184

static strength, 208–209

linear-elastic fracture mechanics plane-stress transformation, 76

stochastic analysis, 240–246

method, 270–274 Rayleigh's, 371

stress concentration, 106, 209–210

strain-life method, 268–270 Reynolds, 609

welding, 474–477

stress-life method, 266–268 Equilibrium, 68

Fastener, 408–410. See also Screws and

Fazekas, G. A., 833 Equivalent bending load, 897, 902

fasteners—nonpermanent joints

FEA, 933–955. See also Finite-element Equivalent radial load, 559, 560

Fastener stiffness, 410–413

analysis (FEA) Euler column formula, 174

Fatigue crack growth, 271–273

Felbeck, David K., 231n Euler's equation, 849

Fatigue ductility coefficient, 269

Fatigue ductility exponent, 269

Felt seal, 590

Evaluation, 7

Ferritic chromium steels, 49 Expanding-ring clutch, 812

Fatigue factor of safety, 299, 300

Fatigue failure, 258–263

Field, J., 47n

Extension springs, 524–532

Fatigue failure—variable loading,

Filler, 55

External contracting clutches/brakes,

Fillet, 661

Fillet welds, 460–463 External self-aligning bearing, 551

ASME-elliptic line, 297–300

bending properties, 470 Extreme-pressure (EP) lubricants, 640

ball bearings, 564–568

combination of loading modes,

stress distribution, 463

completely reversing simple loads,

symbols, 459

torsional properties, 466

transverse, 461 Face width, 678

F cumulative fatigue damage, 313–319

Filling notch, 551, 552 Face-contact ratio, 731

design factor, 334–336

Fillister head screw, 409, 410 Factor of safety, 17

endurance limit, 274–275. See also

Film pressure, 621–622 Factors of safety. See Safety factors

Endurance limit

Fine-pitch threads, 398, 399 Failure of brittle materials, 226–230

fatigue failure, 258–263

Finishing the tooth profiles, 670 BCM theory, 227

fatigue strength, 275–278

Finite-element analysis (FEA), 933–935 MM theory, 227–228

fluctuating simple loads, 309,

boundary conditions, 945–946 MNS theory, 226–227

critical buckling load, 949–951 selection flowchart, 230

fluctuating stress, 292–309, 330–334

deflection, 946 summary, 229–230

Gerber line, 297–299

element geometries, 937–939 Failure of ductile materials, 211–225

Langer line, 297–300

elimination approach, 941 Coulomb-Mohr theory, 219–222

linear-elastic fracture mechanics

errors, 935–936 DE theory, 213–219

method, 270–274

historical overview, 935–936 MSS theory, 211–212

Manson method, 318

load application, 944–945 selection flowchart, 230

Marin factors, 278–286

mesh generation, 941 summary, 222–225

Miner rule, 314–317

modal analysis, 951–952 Failure prevention, 204–345

modified Goodman diagram, 295

modeling techniques, 946–949 brittle materials, 226–230. See also

modified Goodman line, 297–299

notch sensitivity, 287–292, 326–330

nodes, 937

Failure of brittle materials

overview, 264–265

partitioning, 941

1044 Budynas−Nisbett: Shigley’s

Back Matter

Index

© The McGraw−Hill

Mechanical Engineering

Companies, 2008

Design, Eighth Edition

Index

reference books, 953

hobbing, 669 solution process, 939–942

helical gears, 692–694

interference, 665–667 sources of information, 953

power transmission system, 925

involute properties, 658 stress concentration, 943, 948

spur gears, 685–689

milling, 668 thermal stress, 949

worm gears, 694–697

nomenclature, 655–656 vibration analysis, 951–952

Force fit, 385

power transmission system, 916–923 Finite-life region, 267

Forging, 43

shaping, 668–669 Firbank, T. C., 863–864

Form cutting, 667

spur. See Spur gears First-cycle yield (Langer), 297–300

Formulated hot melt adhesive, 482

tooth systems, 676–678 Fit, 383–388

Forrest, P. G., 325n

types, 654–655 Fitted bearing, 605

Forys, Edward, 503n

worm. See Worm gears Fixed supports

Fourier series, 147

General three-dimensional stress, 82–83 center load, 999

fps system, 21–22

Generating cutters, 667 intermediate load, 1000

Fraction of inches (preferred sizes),

Generating line, 659 uniform load, 1000

Genetic properties, 1016–1018 Fixed-pad thrust bearing, 639

Fracture mechanics, 231–240, 270–274

circle, 1016 Flanged two-piece bearings, 638

Fracture toughness, 236

cylinder, 1018 Flat belts, 860, 862, 863–878

Free running fit, 385

hollow circle, 1016 analysis, 868

Free-body diagram, 69

hollow cylinder, 1018 belting equation, 865, 867

Free-cutting brass, 53

quarter-circle, 1017 belt-tension schemes, 872

Frequency distribution, 959

rectangle, 1016 crown height, 869, 871

Frequency function, 959

rectangular prism, 1018 decision set, 873

Fresche, J. C., 318n

right triangle, 1017 efficiency, 863

Frettage corrosion, 286

rods, 1018 Firbank's theory, 863–864

Friction

round disk, 1018 flat metal belts, 875–878

coefficient. See Coefficient of friction

Geometrix stress-concentration geometry, 860, 861

internal-friction theory, 219

factor, 105 initial tension, 872

Friction drives, 875–878

Geometry factors materials, 869

Friction variable, 618

bevel gears, 773, 774 pulley correction factor, 869, 871

Frictional-contact axial clutch, 825–828

spur and helical gears, 731–736 pulley sizes, 869

Fuchs, H. O., 272n

Full bearing, 605

Gerber, 298

Gerber failure criterion, 297–299 Flat head screw, 410

tensions, 875

Full-film lubrication, 598

Gere, J. M., 182n Flat metal belts, 875–878

Full-gasketed joints, 429

Gib-head key, 380 Flat springs, 500

Fully automated mesh generation, 943

Gilding brass, 52 Flexible clutch and brake bands,

Fundamental deviation, 383

Glass, 58, 987 824–825

Global instabilities, 182 Flexible mechanical elements, 859–911

Goodier, J. N., 103n belt. See Belt

G Goodman failure criterion, 297–299 flexible shafts, 904–905

Goodman line, 297 inspection schedule, 860

Gamma function, 1038

Gordon, S. A., 275, 322n, 1030 roller chain, 887–895. See also Roller

Gasketed joints, 429

Gough's data, 322 chain

Gas-weld symbols, 459

Gravitational system of units, 21 wire rope, 896–904. See also Wire

Gates Rubber Company, 880, 884

Gravity loading, 945 rope

Gauges, 1031–1032

Gray cast iron, 49, 106, 987, 1026 Flexible shafts, 904–905

Gaussian distribution, 965–966,

Green, I., 415n, 416 Flexural endurance limit, 319

Grinding, 670 Flexure formula, 90

Gear reducer, 70

Gear train, 678–685

Grip, 411

Floating caliper brake, 829

Groove welds, 460 Floating shoe, 812, 813

Gears, 653–804

Grooved pulleys, 860 Fluctuating simple loads, 309, 338–339

bevel. See Bevel gears

Grossman, M. A., 47n Fluctuating stress, 292–309, 330–334

conjugate action, 657

Grover, H. J., 275, 296, 322n, 1030 Fluid lubrication, 598

contact ratio, 664–665

Guest theory, 211 Fluoroplastic group, 54

drawing gear teeth, 658–664

finishing the tooth profiles, 670

Flywheel, 806, 846–851. See also

force analysis, 685–697. See also

Clutches, brakes, etc.

Force analysis

Foams, 58

forming of gear teeth, 667

Force analysis

Hagen-Poiseuille law, 600 bevel gears, 689–692

gear train, 678–685

helical. See Spurs and helical gears

Hard-drawn wire, 506–508

Budynas−Nisbett: Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design, Eighth Edition

Back Matter

Index

© The McGraw−Hill 1045 Companies, 2008

Hardness, 36–37 Hardness-ratio factor

bevel gears, 776, 777 spur and helical gears, 741–742

Haringx, J. A., 504n Haugen, E. B., 284n, 1029 HD spring, 506–508 Heading, 44 Heat-treated steel, 44–47, 1021–1022 Heavy hexagonal screws, 1034 Helical coil compression springs. See

Compression springs Helical coil extension spring, 524–532 Helical coil torsion springs, 532–539

bending stress, 534 deflection, 534–536 end location, 533–534 fatigue strength, 536–537 spring rate, 534 static strength, 536 where used, 533

Helical gears, 654, 671–675, 692–694. See also Spur and helical gears Helical rollers, 552 Helical springs. See Mechanical

springs Helical-gear geometry factors, 734 Helix angle, 672 Hellan, Kåre, 231n Hertzian endurance strength, 320 Hertzian stress, 117, 724 Hexagonal nuts, 409, 1035 Hexagonal socket head, 409, 410 Hexagon-head bolt, 408, 409 Hexagon-head cap screw, 409, 1034 Heywood, R. B., 327n Heywood's parameter, 327 Hidden cycle, 313, 314 High-cycle fatigue, 267 High-leaded brass, 53 Hobbing, 669 Holding power, 376 Hole basis, 383 Hollow circle, 1016 Hollow cylinder, 1018 Hooke's law, 29 Hoop stress, 108 Hopkins, Bruce R., 370n Horger, Oscar J., 279n, 280, 296, 518n Horizontal shear stress, 94 Hot rolling, 43 Hot-rolled (HR) steel, 1020 Hot-working processes, 43 HR steel, 1020 Hrennikoff, A., 935n Hybrid materials, 58 Hydraulic clutch, 812 Hydrodynamic lubrication, 598 Hydrodynamic theory, 605–609

Hydrostatic lubrication, 599 Hypoid gears, 767, 768

Identification of need, 5–6 Idle arc, 864 Impact, 183–184 Impact load, 37 Impact properties, 37–39 Impact value, 38 Impact wrenching, 422 Inch-pound-second system (ips), 21 Inconel, 987 Inconel alloy, 508 Indexing, 514 Indirect mounting, 571, 573 Induction motor, 850 Infinite-life region, 267 Influence coefficients, 372 Information sources, 9 Injection molding, 668 Instrument bearings, 553 Interference, 240

defined, 19 gears, 665–667 static loading, 244–246

Interference fits, 385–388 Intermediate load

cantilever, 993 fixed supports, 1000 one fixed and one simple support,

998 simple supports, 995 Internal expanding clutches/brakes,

812–820 Internal gear and pinion, 662, 663 Internal shear force, 71 Internal-friction theory, 219 Internal-shoe device, 812–820 International System of Units. See

SI units International tolerance grades, 383, 384,

1002, 1004 Intersecting-shaft bevel-type gearings,

768 Invention of the concept, 6–7 Investment casting, 42, 667 Involute curve, 659 Involute helicoid, 671 Involute profile, 657 Involute properties, 658 Involute-toothed pinion and rack, 662 ips system, 21–22 Ishai, O., 55n IT numbers, 383, 384, 1002, 1004 Ito, Y., 413n Izod notched-bar test, 38, 39

J. B. Johnson formula, 176 Jackson, L. R., 275, 322n, 1030 Jam nut, 410 Jensen, J. K., 760n J-groove weld, 460 Joerres, Robert E., 309, 507n, 508 Johnson, J. E., 182n Johnston, E. R., Jr., 102n, 147n, 173n Joint, 395–497. See also Screws and

fasteners–nonpermanent joints Jominy test, 47 Journal, 598 Journal bearings. See Lubrication and

journal bearings Joyce worm-gear screw jack, 400 Juvinall, R. C., 267, 294n

Karelitz, G. B., 625n Kelsey, S., 935n Kennedy, J. B., 325n Key, 378–382, 928–929 Kilopound, 21 Kinematic viscosity, 600 Kinloch, A. J., 489 Kip, 21 Krause, D. E., 37n Kuguel, R., 281n Kurtz, H. J., 423n

L 10 life, 554 Labyrinth seal, 590 Lamont, J. L., 47n Landgraf, R. W., 268n, 270n Langer line, 297–300 Lang-lay ropes, 896 Lapping, 670 Law of action and reaction, 69

lbf · s 2 /ft, 21 lbf · s 2 /in, 21

LCR helical gears, 732 Lead, 396, 676, 987 Lead angle, 676 Lead-base babbitt, 637 Leaded bronze, 637 Leather, 869 Lees, W. A., 489 LEFM, 231, 270–274 Leibensperger, R. L., 587n Lemmon, D. C., 625n Lengthwise curvature factor for bending

strength, 773 Levy, S., 935n

1050

Mechanical Engineering Design

1046 Budynas−Nisbett: Shigley’s

Back Matter

Index

© The McGraw−Hill

Mechanical Engineering

Companies, 2008

Design, Eighth Edition

Index

Lewis bending equation, 714–723

full bearing, 605 Lewis form factor, 717, 718

central. See Central loading

groove patterns, 638, 639 Lewis, Wilfred, 714

critical buckling load, 949–951

hydrodynamic theory, 605–609 Light-duty toothed coupling, 845

direct load, 440

interpolation, 624–625 Limits, 19

eccentric. See Eccentric loading

loads, 636 Limits and fits, 383–388

end load, cantilever, 993

lubricant flow, 619–621 Line elements, 937

fatigue. See Fatigue loading

lubricant temperature rise, 622–624 Line of action, 657, 659, 662

FEA, 944–945, 949–951

materials, 637–638 Line of contact, 120

impact load, 37

minimum film thickness, 616–618 Linear damage hypothesis, 566

intermediate load. See Intermediate

nomenclature, 604 Linear damage theory, 564

load

partial bearing, 604, 605 Linear elastic fracture mechanics

journal bearings, 636–638

Petroff's equation, 601–603 (LEFM), 231, 270–274

overhanging load, simple supports, 997

pressure-fed bearings, 630–636 Linear regression, 974–977

proof load, 417

radial clearance, 628–630 Linear sliding wear, 641–643

reverse loading, 780

Raimondi-Boyd analysis, 611–612, Linear spring, 142

shear. See Shear, moment and

616–625 Lined bushing, 638

deflection of beams

relationships between variables, Link plates, 891

static load, 206. See also Failure—

609–610, 611–625 Link-type V belts, 880

static loading

roller bearings, 587–588 Lipp, Robert, 665n, 674n

suddenly applied loading, 184–186

self-contained bearings, 625–628 Lipson, C., 279n, 280

transmitted load, 686, 689, 693

stable lubrication, 603–604 Little, R. E., 414n

twin loads, simple supports, 997

thick-film lubrication, 604–605 Load. See Load/loading

uniform load. See Uniform load

thrust bearings, 639, 640 Load and stress analysis, 67–139

variable load. See Fatigue failure—

Trumpler's design criteria, 610–611 beams—bending stresses, 85–90

variable loading

types of lubrication, 598–599, 640–641 beams—shear stresses, 90–95

Load-sharing ratio, 733

viscosity, 599–601 bending moments (beams), 71–72

Load-stress factor, 320

viscosity charts, 612–615 Cartesian stress components, 75–76

Local instabilities, 182

Lüder lines, 211 contact stress, 117–120

Locational clearance fit, 385

Locational interference fit, 385

curved beams in bending, 112–116

Locational transition fit, 385

elastic strain, 83–84

Logan, D. L., 953n

equilibrium, 68

M profile, 396, 397 free-body diagrams, 69

Logarithmic strain, 30

Mabie, H. H., 723n general three-dimensional stress, 82–83

Lognormal distribution, 967–969

Macaulay functions, 72–75, 150–156 Mohr's circle, 76–82

Long-time creep test, 39

Macaulay, W. H., 72n press and shrink fits, 110–111

Loose running fit, 385

McHenry, D., 935n pressurized cylinders—stress,

Loose-side tension, 864

Machine-screw head styles, 409, 410 107–109

Low brass, 53

McKee, S. A., 603n rotating rings—stress, 110

Low-contact-ratio (LCR) helical gears,

McKee, T. R., 603n shear force (beams), 71–72

McKee abscissa, 603 singularity functions, 73–75

Low-cycle fatigue, 267

Magnesium, 52, 987 stress, 75

Lower deviation, 383

Magnesium alloys, 52 stress concentration, 105–107. See

Low-leaded brass, 53

Magnetic clutch, 812 also Stress concentration

Lubricant, 598

Major diameter, 396, 397 temperature effects, 111–112

Lubricant flow, 619–621

Major Poisson's ratio, 56 torsion, 95–104

Lubricant sump, 621, 622, 625

Malkus, D. S., 953n uniformly distributed stresses, 84–85

Lubricant temperature rise, 622–624

Malleable cast iron, 50 Load factor, 425

Lubrication and journal bearings,

Manganese, 48 Load intensity, 71

597–651. See also Rolling-constant

Manson, S. S., 318n Load zone, 572

bearings

Manson method, 318 Load-distribution factor

angular speed, 610

Manson-Coffin relationship, 270 bevel gears, 773

boundary-lubricated bearings,

Manual-control shaft, 904 spur and helical gears, 739–740

640–648. See also

Margin of safety, 240 Loading factor, 282

Boundary–lubricated bearings

Marin equation, 279 Load/loading

bushing, 638

Marin factors, 278–286, 323–326. See ball bearings—combined radial and

clearance, 628–630

also Endurance limit thrust loading, 559–564

coefficient of friction, 618, 619

Marin, Joseph, 222n, 279n ball bearings—variable loading,

design, 609–625

Marin loading factor, 325, 326 564–568

film pressure, 621–622

fitted bearing, 605

Marshek, K. M., 294n

Budynas−Nisbett: Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design, Eighth Edition

Back Matter

Index

© The McGraw−Hill 1047 Companies, 2008

Martensite, 45, 46, 275 Martin, H. C., 936n Material efficiency coefficient, 60 Material families and classes, 57–58 Material index, 61 Material selection, 56–63 Materials, 27–65

alloy steels, 47–48 aluminium. See Aluminum belt drives, 869 boundary-lubricated bearings, 641 brakes/clutches, 841–844 cast iron, 41, 49–50. See also Gray

cast iron casting, 49–51 cold working, 33–35 cold-working processes, 44 composite, 55–56 corrosion-resistant steels, 48–49 finite life fatigue tests, 1029 flat metal belts, 877 hardness, 36–37 heat-treated steel, 44–47 hot-working processes, 43 impact properties, 37–39 investment casting, 42 journal bearings, 636–638 nonferrous metals, 51–54 numbering systems, 40–41 physical constants, 987 plastics, 54–55 powder-metallurgy process, 42–43 sand casting, 41–42 selection, 56–63 shaft, 348–349 shell molding, 42 spring, 505–510 stainless steel. See Stainless steel statistical significance, 32 steel. See Steel stochastic yield, 1028 strength and stiffness, 28–31 temperature effects, 39–40 ultimate strength, 1028 wire rope, 897

Materials selection charts, 57 Matrix, 55 Matthews, F. L., 489 Maximum load, 618 Maximum-normal-stress (MNS) theory,

226–227 Maximum-shear-stress (MSS) theory, 211–212 Maxwell's reciprocity theorem, 194, 372 Mean coil diameter, 500 Mechanical engineering design, 5 Mechanical springs, 499–547

Belleville springs, 539, 540

compression springs. See

Compression springs conical spring, 540 constant-force spring, 540, 541 critical frequency, 516–518 curvature effect, 501–502 deflection, 502 extension springs, 524–532 materials, 505–510 spring ends, 503, 525 stability, 504 stresses, 500–501 surge, 516–518 torsion springs, 532–539. See also

Helical coil torsion springs translational vibration, 516 volute spring, 540, 541

Median life, 554 Medium drive fit, 385 Member stiffness, 413–417 Mesh, 942 Mesh density, 942 Mesh generation, 941 Mesh refinement, 942 Metal belts, 875–878 Metal spraying, 286 Metal-mold castings, 42 Metals, 57 Metric system. See SI units Metric threads, 397, 398 Microreyn (mreyn), 600 Millimeters (preferred sizes), 1015 Milling, 668 Miner, M. A., 314n Miner rule, 314–317, 884 Minimum coefficient of friction, 618 Minimum film thickness, 604, 605,

616–618 Minimum life, 554 Minimum parasitic power loss, 618 Minimum weld-metal properties, 472 Minor diameter, 396, 397 Minor Poisson's ratio, 56 Miscellaneous-effects factor, 285–286 Mischke, Charles R., 35n, 46n, 47n,

147n, 165n, 167n, 228n, 275n, 280n, 322n, 349n, 370n, 379n, 480n, 507n, 508, 738n, 971n, 1023

Mitchiner, R. G., 723n Mixed-film lubrication, 640–641 MJ profile, 396–397 MM theory, 227–228 ␮N/P, 603 MNS theory, 226–227 Modal analysis, 951–952 Mode I crack, 233 Mode I, plane strain fracture

toughness, 236

Modern Steels and Their Properties Handbook, 47 Modified Goodman diagram, 295 Modified Goodman failure criterion,

297–299 Modified Goodman line, 298 Modified Mohr (MM) theory, 227–228 Modified Neuber equation, 327 Modified phenolic adhesive, 482 Module, 656 Modulus of elasticity, 29, 83 Modulus of resilience, 65 Modulus of rigidity, 31 Modulus of rupture, 31 Modulus of toughness, 65 Mohr theory of failure, 219 Mohr's circle, 76–82 Mohr's circle diagram, 78, 79 Molded-asbestos lining, 843 Molded-asbestos pads, 843 Molybdenum, 48, 987 Moment. See Shear, moment and

deflection of beams Moment connection, 464 Moment load, 441

cantilever, 994 simple supports, 996

Moment of area, 86 Moment-area method, 147 Monel metal, 987 Monte Carlo computer simulations, 21 Mounting antifriction bearings, 571,

573, 587–590 ␮reyn, 600 MSC/NASTRAN, 953 MSS theory, 211–212 Multiple-threaded, 396 Multipoint constraint equations, 946 Muntz metal, 53 Murakami, Y., 234n Music wire, 506–508

Nachtigall, A. J., 318n Nagata, S., 413n NASA/FLAGRO 2.0, 273 NASTRAN, 934 Naval brass, 53 Neale, M. J., 630 Necking, 30 Needle bearings, 552, 553 Neuber constant, 288 Neuber equation, 288 Neutral axis, 85 Neutral plane, 85 Neville, A. M., 325n Newmark, N. M., 935n Newton (N), 21

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Newtonian fluids, 600 Newton's cooling model, 838 Newton's energy loss equation, 838–839 Newton's third law, 69 Newton's viscous effect, 599 Nickel, 48 Nickel silver, 987 Nickel steel, 987 Nine-hoist problem, 901–902 Nitralloy, 731 Nitriding, 730 Nodal loads, 945 Node, 935, 937 Nodular cast iron, 50 Noll, C. J., 279n, 280 Nominal mean stress method, 294 Nominal size, 19 Nominal stress, 105 Nominal stresses/strengths, 31 Nonferrous metals, 51–54 Nonlinear softening spring, 142, 143 Nonlinear stiffening spring, 142 Nonpermanent joints. See Screws and

fasteners—nonpermanent joints Nonprecision bearings, 553 Nonreversing open belt, 861 Nonsinusoidal fluctuating stress, 293 Normal circular pitch, 672 Normal coupling equation, 241 Normal diametral pitch, 672 Normal distribution, 965–966, 1001–1002 Normal stress, 75 Normalizing, 45 Norris, C. H., 462n Notch sensitivity, 287–292, 326–330 Notched-bar tests, 38 Notch-sensitivity charts, 287, 288 Numbering systems, 40–41 Numerical integration, 147 Nylon, 54

Octahedral shear stress, 215 Octahedral surfaces, 216 Octahedral-shear-stress theory, 215 Offset method, 29 Offset-shaft bevel-type gearings, 768 Oil quench, 45 Oil-actuated multiple-disk clutch-brake,

826 Oiles bearings, 641 Oiliness agents, 640 Oilite bearings, 641 Oil-tempered wire, 506–508 One fixed and one simple support

center load, 998 intermediate load, 998 uniform load, 999

One-dimensional flow, 609 Open thin-walled sections, 103–104 Open-belt drive, 861, 863 Opening crack propagation mode, 233 OQ&T wire, 506–508 Osgood, C. C., 414n Oval head screw, 410 Overhanging load, simple supports, 997 Overload factor

bevel gears, 771 spur and helical gears, 738

Overload release clutch, 844, 845 Overview of book, 4

P, 600 Palmgren, A., 314n Palmgren-Miner cycle-ratio summation

rule, 314 Parabolic formula, 176 Parallel fillet welds, 463 Parallel helical gears, 671–675. See also

Spur and helical gears Parent distribution, 967 Paris, P. C., 231n, 234n Partial bearing, 604, 605 Particulate composite, 56 Partitioning, 941 Pa·s, 600 Pascal-second (Pa·s), 600 PDF, 959 Pedestal bearings, 625 Performance factors, 610 Permanent joints. See Welding and

bonding—permanent joints Permanent-mold casting, 667 Peterson, R. E., 210, 723n. See also

Pilkey, Walter D. Petroff's bearing model, 602 Petroff's equation, 602 Phenolics, 55 Phenylene oxide, 54 Phosphor bronze, 53, 987 Phosphor-bronze wire, 507, 508 Physical constants of materials, 987 Piecewise differential equations, 184 Pilkey, Walter D., 210n, 234n, 380n,

429n, 948n Pillow-block bearings, 625 Pin, 378–379 Pinion, 655, 656 Pinion cutter, 668 Piotrowski, George, 467n Pipe (American Standard Pipe), 1019 Pitch, 396, 397 Pitch circle, 655, 656, 657 Pitch diameter, 396, 397, 655, 656, 675 Pitch length, 880

Pitch point, 657, 659 Pitch radius, 657 Pitch-line velocity, 687, 691, 698 Pitting, 723 Pitting resistance geometry factor, 734,

773, 774 Pitting resistance stress-cycle factor, 743 Plane slider bearing, 606 Plane stress, 76 Plane-stress transformation

equations, 76 Planetary gear trains, 683, 684 Plastics, 54–55 Plastic-strain line, 270 Plesha, M. E., 953n Pneumatic clutch, 812 Pocius, A. V., 481, 489 Poise (P), 600 Poisson's ratio, 56, 63, 84, 387, 724, 876 Polyamide, 869 Polycarbonate, 54 Polyester, 54 Polyimide, 54 Polyimide adhesive, 482 Polymeric adhesives, 481 Polymers, 58 Polyphenylene sulfide, 54 Polystyrene group, 54 Polysulfone, 54 Polyvinyl chloride, 54 Pope, J. A., 322n Population, 960 Positioning drives, 875 Potential energy, 156 Pound-force, 21 Powder-metallurgy process, 42–43, 667 Power screws, 400–408 Power transmission case study, 913–931

bearings, 927–928 design requirements, 23 design sequence, 915–916 design specifications, 24 final analysis, 931 force analysis, 925 gears, 916–923 key, 928–929 power requirements, 916 retaining ring, 929–931 shaft design for deflection, 926–927 shaft design for stress, 926 shaft layout, 923–925 shaft material selection, 925 torque, 916

Power-drive shaft, 904 Preferred sizes, 1015 Preload, 421, 425–428 Preloading, 590 Presentation, 7

Index

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Index

© The McGraw−Hill 1049 Companies, 2008

Presetting, 503 Press and shrink fits, 110–111, 353 Pressure angle, 659 Pressure line, 659 Pressure-fed bearings, 630–636 Pressure-sensitive adhesives, 482 Pressurized cylinders, 107–109 Pretension, 411 Primary shear, 440, 464 Principal directions, 77 Principal distribution, 967 Principal shear stresses, 83 Principal stresses, 77 Probability density, 32 Probability density function (PDF), 32,

959 Probability distribution, 959, 965–972 Probability function, 959 Problems, answers, 1039–1043 Product liability, 15 Professional responsibilities, 10–11 Professional societies, 11 Proof load, 417 Proof strength, 417 Propagation of dispersion, 19 Propagation of error, 19, 972–974 Propagation of uncertainty, 19 Proportional limit, 29 Protein-based adhesive, 482 Puck-pad caliper brake, 832, 833 Pugh method, 7n Pugh, Stuart, 7n Pulley correction factor, 869, 871 Pulsating torsional fatigue, 309 Punch press, 849–850 Pure compression, 84 Pure shear, 84 Pure tension, 84 PVAc emulsion adhesive, 482

Quarter-circle, 1017 Quarter-twist belt drive, 862 Quasi-static fracture, 232 Quenching, 45

R. R. Moore high-speed rotating-beam machine, 266 Rack, 662 Rack cutter, 668, 669 Radial clearance, 19, 604, 628–630 Radial clearance ratio, 602 Radial interference, 110 Raimondi, Albert A., 611–612 Raimondi-Boyd analysis, 611–612,

616–625

Rain-flow counting technique, 314 Random experiment, 958 Random variables, 958 Randomly oriented short fiber

composite, 56 Rao, S. S., 952n Rating life, 554 Rayleigh's equation, 371 RB&W, 426–427, 447 Real numbers, 22 Rectangle, 1016 Rectangular prism, 1018 Red brass, 52 Reddy, J. N., 953n Reece, C. K., 760n Reemsnyder, Harold S., 272n, 273 Regression, 974–977 Regular-lay ropes, 896 Relatively brittle, 231 Reliability, 18–19, 240 Reliability factors, 284, 285

bevel gears, 777, 778 spur and helical gears, 743, 744

Reliability method of design, 19 Remote-control shaft, 904 Renard numbers, 1015 Repeated stress, 293 Residual stress, 285 Residual stress method, 294 Resistance welding, 480 Retaining ring, 382, 929–931 Reverse loading, 780 Reversing crossed belt, 861 Reversing open-belt drive, 861 Reyn, 600 Reynolds equation for one-dimensional

flow, 609 Reynolds, Osborne, 600, 605–606 Right triangle, 1017 Right-hand rule, 396 Rigid elements, 946 Rim clutches/brakes, 812–820 Rim-thickness factor, 744–745 Ring gear, 662 Rippel, Harry C., 639n Riveted and bolted joints loaded in

shear, 435–443 Roark's formulas, 147 Rockwell hardness, 36 Rockwell hardness scales, 36 Rods, 1018 Rolfe, S. T., 272 Roll threading, 44 Roller chain, 887–895

capacities, 890–891 chain velocity, 889 dimensions, 888 failure, 890 horsepower capacity, 891–892

link plates, 891 lubrication, 895 maximum speed, 894 multiple-strand factors, 893 nomenclature, 887 sprocket, 889 tooth correction factors, 893 tooth counts, 892

Rolling bearings. See Rolling-constant bearings Rolling-constant bearings, 549–595. See

also Lubrication and journal bearings

bearing-life recommendations, 563 boundary dimensions, 560 catalog load rating, 554 combined radial and thrust loading,

559 design assessment, 582–586 dimensions/load ratings, 561, 562 distributional curve fit, 555 equivalent radial load, 559, 560 fatigue criterion, 553 life measures, 553–554 load life at rated reliability,

554–555 load-application factors, 563 load-life-reliability relationship,

557–558 lubrication, 587–588 matters of fit, 586 mounting, 571, 573, 587–590 reliability-life relationship,

554–557 sealing methods, 590–591 selection of ball and cylindrical roller

bearings, 568–571 tapered roller bearings. See Tapered roller bearings types of bearings, 550–553 variable loading, 564–568

Rolovic, R. D., 210n Rope. See Wire rope Rotating ring, 110 Rothbart, H. A., 407, 408 Rotscher's pressure-cone method, 414 Round belts, 860. See also Flat belts Round disk, 1018 Round head screw, 410 Round key, 378 Round pin, 378 Round tubing, 992 Rounding off, 22 R-series numbers, 1015 Rubber-based adhesive, 482 Rubber-modified acrylic adhesive, 482 Rubber-modified epoxy adhesive, 482 Russell, Burdsall & Ward Inc. (RB&W),

426–427, 447

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SAE approximate, 276 SAE Fatigue Design and Evaluation

Steering Committee report, 268–270 SAE specifications (steel bolts), 418 Safety factors, 240, 299, 300

bevel gears, 771 spur and helical gears, 745 wire rope, 898–899

Saint-Venant, Jean Claude, 97, 944 Salakian, A. G., 462n Salmon, C. G., 182n Samónov, Cyril, 501n, 502n, 504n Sample, 960 Sample mean, 960 Sample space, 958 Sample standard deviation, 961 Sample variance, 960 Sand casting, 667 Sand casting, 41–42 Sand-cast gears, 790 Saybolt universal viscosimeter, 600 Saybolt universal viscosity (SUV), 600 Scale (of spring), 502 Scarf lap joint, 483 Schmidt, Richard J., 117n, 215n Schwerdlin, Howard B., 738n Scoring, 723 Screw bearing pressure, 407 Screw threads, 396–400 Screws and fasteners—nonpermanent

joints, 395–456 bolt strength, 417–421 bolt torque/bolt tension, 422–425 bolted and riveted joints loaded in

shear, 435–443 fastener stiffness, 410–413 fatigue loading of tension joints,

429–435 gasketed joints, 429 member stiffness, 413–417 power screws, 400–408 preload, 421, 425–428 shear joints with eccentric loading,

439–443 statically loaded tension joint with preload, 425–428 tension joints—external load, 421–422 thread standards/definitions, 396–400 threaded fasteners, 408–410

Sealant, 481. See also Adhesive bonding Sealed bearing, 551 Sealing methods (bearings), 590–591 Seam welding, 480 Secant column formula, 177 Secondary shear, 441, 464 Section modulus, 86 Seireg, A. S., 615

Self-acting/self-locking phenomenon,

402, 809 Self-aligning bearing, 551, 559 Self-aligning thrust bearing, 551 Self-contained bearings, 625–628 Self-deenergization, 807 Self-energization, 807, 829 Self-locking, 402, 809 Semiautomatic mesh generation, 943 Set removal, 503 Setscrews, 376–378 Shaft, 347–394

assembly/disassembly, 353–354 axial layout of components, 351 critical speeds, 371–376 defined, 348 deflection, 367–370 deviations, 1003, 1005 fundamental durations, 1003, 1005 keys, 378–382 layout, 349 limits and fits, 383–388 materials, 348–349 pins, 378–379 power transmission system, 923–927 retaining ring, 382 setscrews, 376–378 stress, 354–367 stress concentration, 360–361 supporting axial loads, 351 torque transmission, 351–353

Shaft basis, 384 Shaft couplings, 845 Shaping, 668–669 Shaving, 670 Shear. See also Shear stress

beams. See Shear, moment and deflection of beams internal shear force, 71 MSS theory, 211–212 primary, 440, 464 pure, 84 secondary, 441, 464 Volkersen shear-lag model, 483,

486, 487 Shear, moment and deflection of beams,

993–1000 cantilever—end load, 993 cantilever—intermediate load, 993 cantilever—moment load, 994 cantilever—uniform load, 994 fixed supports—center load, 999 fixed supports—intermediate load,

1000 fixed supports—uniform load, 1000 one fixed and one simple support—

center load, 998 one fixed and one simple support— intermediate load, 998

one fixed and one simple support— uniform load, 999 simple supports—center load, 995 simple supports—intermediate load,

995 simple supports—moment load, 996 simple supports—overhanging load,

997 simple supports—twin loads, 997 simple supports—uniform load, 996

Shear force (beams), 71–72 Shear joints with eccentric loading,

439–443 Shear loading of bolted/riveted connection, 435–443 Shear modulus, 31 Shear stress

beams in bending, 90–95 horizontal, 94 octahedral, 215 principal, 83 tangential, 75 vertical, 94

Shear tear-out, 436 Shear-energy theory, 215 Shear-lag model, 483 Shear-stress correction factor, 501 Sheet-metal gauges, 1031–1032 Shell molding, 42, 667 Shigley, Joseph E., 35n, 46n, 47n, 147n,

165n, 167n, 275n, 349n, 370n, 379n, 480n, 507n, 508, 735n, 738n, 971n, 1023

Shock, 183–184 Short compression members, 180–181 SI units, 21–22

conversion factors, 986 deflection, 987 deviations—shafts, 1003 international tolerance grades, 1002 prefixes, 985 stress, 987 washers, 1037

Sib, G. C., 234n Significance figures, 22 Silicon, 48 Silicon bronze, 53 Silicones, 55 Silver plus overlay, 637 Simple compression, 84, 85 Simple supports

center load, 995 intermediate load, 995 moment load, 996 overhanging load, 997 twin loads, 997 uniform load, 996

Sines failure criterion, 518 Sines, George, 287

Index

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Back Matter

Index

© The McGraw−Hill

Companies, 2008

Design, Eighth Edition

Mechanical Engineering Design Single bevel weld, 460

Standard deviation, 961 Single V-groove weld, 460

Spring ends, 503, 525

Standard Handbook of Machine Single-enveloping worm-gear set,

Spring materials, 505–510

Spring rate, 411, 502

Design, 47

Standard sizes, 13 Single-lap joint, 483

Spring surge, 516

Standard-setting organizations, 12 Single-row bearings, 552

Spring wires, 505–508

Starch-based adhesive, 482 Single-row deep-groove bearings, 550

Spur and helical gears, 654, 671–675,

Static equilibrium, 68 Singularity functions, 73–75

713–763. See also Gears

Static load, 37, 206. See also Failure— Sintered-metal pads, 843

AGMA strength equations, 727–731

static loading Sinusoidal fluctuating stress, 293

AGMA stress equations, 725–726

Static strength, 208–209 Size factor, 279–280

AGMA symbols, 715–716

Statically indeterminate problems, bevel gears, 773

analysis, 745–755

bending equations (summary), 746

Statically loaded tension joint with Sizes, preferred, 1015

spur and helical gears, 739

crossed helical gears, 789. See also

preload, 425–428 Sleeve bearings. See Lubrication and

Worm gears

Statistical considerations, 957–982 journal bearings

design of gear mesh, 755–760

arithmetic mean, 960 Sleeve bushings, 638

dynamic factor, 736–738

basic structures, 959, 960 Slenderness ratio, 174

elastic coefficient, 736, 737

Gaussian distribution, 965–966, Sliding bearings. See Lubrication and

force analysis (helical gears),

linear regression, 974–977 Sliding fit, 384, 385

journal bearings

force analysis (spur gears), 685–689

lognormal distribution, 967–969 Sliding mode, 233

geometry factors, 731–736

normal distribution, 965–966, Slug, 21

hardness-ratio factor, 741–742

Lewis bending equation, 714–723

Smith, G. M., 517n

load-distribution factor, 739–740

notation, 962

Smith, James O., 309n

probability distributions, 965–972 Smith-Dolan failure criterion, 331

overload factor, 738

propagation of error, 972–974 Smith-Dolan locus, 306

parallel helical gears, 671–675

random variables, 958 S-N diagram, 266–267

reliability factors, 743, 744

standard deviation, 961 Snug-tight condition, 422

rim-thickness factor, 744–745

uniform distribution, 969–970 Socket setscrews, 377

safety factors, 745

size factor, 739

variance, 960

Soderberg failure criterion, 297–298

Weibull distribution, 970–972 Soderberg line, 298

stress cycle factors, 742, 743

Statistical tolerance system, 20 Softening spring, 142, 143

stresses/strengths, 725–731, 746, 750,

Steel

Solid bushing, 638

surface condition factor, 738

alloy, 47–48

Solid elements, 938

ASTM minimum values, 1020 Solid-film lubricant, 599

surface durability, 723–725

temperature factor, 744

carbon, 1030

Sommerfeld, A., 609n

tooth system, 676, 677

cast, 51

Sommerfeld number, 602, 610, 617, 634

corrosion-resistant, 48–49 Sorem, J. R., Jr., 210n

wear equations (summary), 747

heat treatment, 44–47 Sources of information, 9

Spur-gear geometry factors, 733

heat-treated, 1021 Special-purpose elements, 938

Square bolts, 1033

numbering system, 40–41 Speed ratio, 734

Square butt-welded, 460

springs, 505–508 Spherical contact, 117–118

Square key, 379

stainless. See Stainless steel Spherical-roller thrust bearing, 552, 553

Square threads, 398, 399

stress-strain properties, 1024–1025 Spinning, 44

Square-jaw clutch, 844, 845

tensile tests, 1023 Spiral angle, 766

St, 600

Steel bolts, 417–421 Spiral bevel gears, 766–768

Stable lubrication, 603–604

Steep-angle tapered roller, 552 Spiroid gearing, 767, 768

Stage I fatigue, 258, 270

Step lap joint, 483 Splines, 353

Stage II fatigue, 258–259, 270

Stephens, R. I., 272n Split tubular spring pin, 378

Stage III fatigue, 259, 271

Stiffening spring, 142 Spot welding, 480

Stainless steel

Stiffness, 28–31. See also Deflection Spotts, M. E., 884n

friction drives, 876

and stiffness Spring. See also Mechanical springs

major characteristics, 48

fastener, 410–413 classification, 500

physical constants, 987

member, 413–417 defined, 142

springs, 507, 508

tension joints - external load, 422 linear, 142

tensile tests, 1023

Stiffness constant, 421 softening, 142, 143

types, 48–49

Stochastic analysis, 17. See also stiffening, 142

UNS designations, 41

Statistical considerations Spring constant, 143

Stamping, 44

Standard, 12

design factor in fatigue, 334–336

Budynas−Nisbett: Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design, Eighth Edition

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1052 Index

© The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008

endurance limit, 322–326 fluctuating stresses, 330–334 interference, 244–246 normal-normal case, 242–244 notch sensitivity, 326–330 static loading, 240–246 stress concentration, 326–330 variable loading, 322–336

Stochastic variable, 962 Stock key, 379 Stoke (St), 600 Straight bevel gears, 670–671, 689, 766.

See also Bevel gears Straight roller bearings, 552 Straight two-piece bearings, 638 Strain

elastic, 83–84 stress-strain curve, 209 stress-strain diagram, 29–31 true, 30

Strain energy, 156–158 Strain-hardened, 34 Strain-life method, 268–270 Strength, 15–16

bevel gears, 768–771, 781 bolt, 417–421 cold work, and, 33–35 compressive, 30–31 contact, 320 fatigue, 267, 275–278 proof, 417 spur and helical gears, 727–731, 737,

750, 753 static, 208–209 surface fatigue, 267, 275–278 tensile, 29, 30–31 torsional, 31 welded joints, of, 471–473 worm gears, 789–792

Strength versus density, 62, 63 Strength versus temperature chart, 39 Strength-to-stress ratio, 238 Stress, 16. See also Load and stress

analysis bearing, 437 bending. See Bending stress bevel gears, 768–771, 778–782,

787–788 Cartesian coordinate system, 75–76 compressive, 75, 182 contact, 117–120 fluctuating, 292–309, 330–334 helical springs, 500–501 Hertzian, 117 hoop, 108 nominal, 105 normal, 75 plane, 76 power transmission system, 926

pressurized cylinders, 107–109 principal, 77 residual, 285 rotating rings, 110 shaft, 354–367 shear. See Shear stress SI units, 987 spur and helical gears, 725–731, 736 symbols, 16 tensile, 75 thermal, 949 three-dimensional, 82–83 true, 30 uniform distribution, 84–85 von Mises, 214 welded joints in bending, 469–471 welded joints in torsion, 464–468

Stress analysis. See Load and stress analysis Stress concentration, 105–107

bolted and riveted joints loaded in

shear, 436 fatigue loading of tension joints, 429 FEA, 943, 948 keys, 380 retaining ring, 382 shaft, 360–361 splines, 353 static loading, 106, 209–210 stochastic analysis, 326–330 tables, 1006–1014 variable loading, 287–292, 326–330 welded joints, 472

Stress correction factor, 733 Stress cycle factors

bevel gears, 775, 776 spur and helical gears, 742, 743

Stress intensity factor, 234 Stress intensity modification factor, 234 Stress raisers, 105 Stress relieving, 46 Stress-concentration factors, 105,

1006–1014 Stress-life method, 266–268 Stress-strain curve, 209 Stress-strain diagram, 29–31 Stress-strength comparison, 15–16 Strict liability, 15 Structural adhesives, 481 Structural-steel angles, 988–989 Structural-steel channels, 990–991 Strut, 180–181 Stud, 411 Subsidiary distribution, 967 Suddenly applied loading, 184–186 Superimposition, 147–150 Surface elements, 938 Surface endurance shear, 319 Surface endurance strength, 320

Surface factor, 279 Surface fatigue strength, 319–322 Surface loading, 945 Surface-strength geometry factor,

734–736 Surge of helical springs, 516–518 SUV, 600 Synthesis, 7 Synthetically designed hot melt

adhesive, 482

Tada, H., 231n, 234n Tangential shear stress, 75 Tape drives, 875 Taper pin, 378 Tapered fits, 353 Tapered roller bearings, 550, 552, 553,

571–583 components, 571 dynamic equivalent radial loads,

578–579 form, 571–572 indirect/direct mounting, 573 load-life-reliability relationship,

573–583 nomenclature, 572 notation, 572, 574–575 power transmission systems, 927–928 Timken catalog pages, 574–575

Tavernelli, J. F., 270n Taylor, R. L., 953n Tearing mode, 233 Tearing of member, 436, 437 Temper carbon, 50 Temperature

boundary-lubricated bearings, 646–648 clutches, brakes, etc., 837–841 journal bearings, 622–624 load and stress analysis, 111–112 materials, and, 39–40

Temperature factor, 282–284 bevel gears, 776 spur and helical gears, 744

Tempered martensite, 46 Tempering, 46 Tensile strength, 29, 30–31 Tensile strength correlation method, 322 Tensile stress, 75 Tensile tear-out, 436 Tensile-stress area, 397 Tension joints—external load, 421–422 T-groove weld, 460 Theoretical stress-concentration factor,

105, 1006–1014 Thermal loading, 945 Thermal stress, 949 Thermoplastics, 54

Index

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Thermoset, 54, 55 Thick-film lubrication, 604–605 Thin flat metal belts, 875–878 Thin-film bearings, 641 Thin-film lubrication, 640 Thin-walled vessels, 108–109 Thomson, William T., 184n, 371n, 372n Thread angle, 396, 397 Thread standards/definitions, 396–400 Threaded fasteners, 408–410 Thread-sealing adhesives, 481 3-D truss element, 939 Three-dimensional stress, 82–83 Three-jaw coupling, 845 Three-parameter Weibull distribution, 970 Through-hardening, 782 Thrust bearings, 551, 639, 640 Thrust-collar friction coefficients, 408 Tight-side tension, 864 Timing belts, 860, 862–863, 886–887 Timing or positioning drives, 875 Timken catalog pages, 574–575 Timkin Company, 553–555, 571–579 Timoshenko, S. P., 97n, 103n, 182n Tin-base babbitt, 637 Tipton, S. M., 210n Titanium, 52 Titanium alloys, 987, 1027 Tolerance

absolute tolerance system, 20 bilateral, 19 defined, 19, 383 large, 13 IT numbers, 383, 384, 1002, 1004 statistical tolerance system, 20 unilateral, 19

Tolerance grades, 383, 384, 1002, 1004 Tolerance position letters, 384 Tooth systems, 676–678 Tooth thickness, 655, 656 Toothed wheels, 860 Top land, 656 Topp, L. J., 936n Torque

bolt, 422–425 power transmission systems, 916 shaft, 351–353

Torque coefficient, 423 Torque transmission, 351–353 Torque vector, 95 Torque wrenching, 422 Torque-twist diagram, 31 Torsion, 95–104

closed thin-walled tubes, 102 defined, 95 helical coil torsion springs, 532–539 open thin-walled sections, 103–104 tension, compression, 143 welded joints, 464–468

Torsion springs, 532–539. See also

Helical coil torsion springs Torsional fatigue strength (fluctuating stress), 309 Torsional properties (fillet welds), 466 Torsional strengths, 31 Torsional yield strength, 31 Total strain amplitude, 270 Toughness, 65 Tower, Beauchamp, 605–606 Toyoda, J., 413n Train value, 679 Transition fits, 385 Transmission accuracy number, 772 Transmission of power. See Power

transmission case study Transmitted load, 686, 689, 693 Transverse circular pitch, 672, 675 Transverse fillet weld, 461 Tredgold's approximation, 671 Tresca theory, 211 Trimetal 77, 637 Trimetal 88, 637 Triple-threaded, 396 Truarc Co., 929 True strain, 30 True stress, 30 True stress-strain diagram, 30, 31 Trumpler, Paul Robert, 610n Trumpler's design criteria, 610–611 Truss head screw, 410 Tubular lap joint, 483 Tungsten, 48 Turner, M. J., 936n Turn-of-the-nut method, 422, 447 Twin loads, simple supports, 997 Two-bearing mountings, 589 Two-piece bushings, 638 Two-plane bending, 88 Two-stage compound gear train, 679, 680

U-groove weld, 460 Uicker, John J., Jr., 735n Ullman, David G., 7n Ulrich, Karl T., 15n Ultimate strength, 29n UN series threads, 397 UNC threads, 399 Uncertainty, 16–17 Undamaged material, 316 Undercutting, 665 UNF threads, 399 Unidirectional continuous fiber

composite, 56 Unified numbering system for metals

and alloys (UNS), 40–41 Unified thread series, 396–399

Uniform distribution, 969–970 Uniform load

cantilever, 994 fixed supports, 1000 one fixed and one simple support,

999 simple supports, 996 Uniformly distributed stresses, 84–85 Unilateral tolerance, 19 Unmodified phenolic adhesive, 482 UNR series threads, 397 UNS, 40–41 Unstable crack growth, 232 Unstable lubrication, 603 Upper deviation, 383 Urethane, 869 Urethane adhesive, 482 U.S. customary foot-pound-second

system (fps), 21

V belts, 860, 862, 878–886 analysis, 885 angle of contact correction factor, 882 belt length, 879 durability (life) correlations,

883, 884 efficiency, 863 horsepower ratings, 881 inside circumferences, 879 lettered sections, 878, 879 service factors, 882 tensions, 883

Valve spring, 508 Van Gerpen, H. W., 760n Vanadium, 48 Variable load. See Fatigue failure-

variable loading Variable-cross-section punch-press frame, 166–167 Variable-speed belt drives, 862 Variance, 960 Variate, 962 Velocity factor, 718 Vertical shear stress, 94 Vertical worm-gear speed reducer, 350 Vibration analysis, 951–952 Virgin material, 316 Virtual number of teeth, 671, 673 Viscosity, 599–601 Viscosity charts, 612–615 Volkersen, O., 483 Volkersen shear-lag model, 483,

486, 487 Volute spring, 540, 541 von Mises, R., 214 von Mises stress, 214, 943 von Mises-Hencky theory, 215

1058

Mechanical Engineering Design

1054 Budynas−Nisbett: Shigley’s

Back Matter

Index

© The McGraw−Hill

Mechanical Engineering

Companies, 2008

Design, Eighth Edition

1059 W

Index

mechanical efficiency, 793 Wahl, A. M., 504n, 534

Width of space, 655, 656

single-enveloping/double-enveloping Wahl factor, 501

Width series, 560

sets, 655, 675 Waisman, J. L., 287

Wileman, J., 415n, 416

tooth system, 678 Wake, W. C., 483, 489

Wire and sheet-metal gauges,

Worm outside diameter, 791 Wallin, A. W., 863n

1031–1032

Worm root diameter, 791 Walton, Charles F., 37n, 229

Wire diameter, 500

Worm-gear face width, 792 Washer-faced regular nut, 410

Wire rope, 896–904

Worm-gear root diameter, 792 Washers, 1036, 1037

bearing pressure, 899–900

Worm-gear throat diameter, 791 Wear, 723

factors of safety, 898–899

Woven fabric composite, 56 Wear factor, 320

failure, 897

Woven-asbestos lining, 843 Weibull distribution, 555–556, 970–972

fatigue diagram, 899–900

Woven-cotton lining, 843 Weibullian statistics, 550

materials, 897

Wrought alloys, 51 Weld bonding, 487

nine-hoist problem, 901–902

properties, 901

Welding and bonding—permanent

service-life curve, 901

joints, 457–497

static load, 898

adhesive bonding, 480–489

Yellow brass, 53 butt and fillet welds, 460–463. See

strength loss, 898

Yield (Langer) line, 297–300 also Fillet welds

types, 896

Yield point, 29 fatigue loading, 478–480

Wire springs, 500

Yield strength, 29 resistance welding, 480

Wirsching, P. H., 284n

Young, W. C., 97n static loading, 474–477

Wolford, J. C., 517n

Young, Warren C., 147n strength of welded joints, 471–473

Woodruff key, 380, 381

Young's modulus, 29, 56, 59–62, 83, stress in welded joints in bending,

Worm face width, 792

387, 415, 876 469–471

Worm gears, 655, 675–676, 789–801.

See also

Gears

stress in welded joints in torsion,

AGMA strength/durability equations,

464–468

789–792

welding symbols, 458–460

Buckingham wear load, 800–801

Welding symbols, 458–460

Zerol bevel gear, 766 White cast iron, 50

designing the mesh, 797–800

Zienkiewicz, O. C., 953n Whole depth, 656

force analysis, 694–697

gear teeth, 798

Zimmerli, F. P., 518n