A STUDY OF REGISTER USED BY FLIGHT ATTENDANT IN LION AIR
A STUDY OF REGISTER USED BY FLIGHT ATTENDANT IN LION AIR
THESIS
by:
NOVANTO ANUGRAH PRATAMA
201110100311009
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
A STUDY OF REGISTER USED BY FLIGHT ATTENDANT IN LION AIR
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana
Degree in English Education
by:
NOVANTO ANUGRAH PRATAMA
201110100311009
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
BISMILLAAHIRRAHMAANIRRAHIM
Alhamdulillahirobbil ‘alamin, Praise is merely to the Almighty Allah SWT for
the gracious mercy and tremendous blessing that enables me to accomplish this thesis
entitled: A Study of Register Used by Flight Attendant in Lion Air. This thesis is
presented to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education, Faculty of Teacher Training
and Education, University of Muhamadiyah Malang
I would like to express my special appreciation to my advisor who are behind
the completion of this thesis. The writer appreciated and thanks to Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum
as the first advisor and Khairuddin, M.Pd as second advisor for their valuable
encouragement, understanding, guidance, patience in assisting and complementing this
thesis.
The greatest honor and appreciation would be finally dedicated to my beloved
parents, my father Suwarno and my mother Sumiati. It is truly undoubted that loves,
cares, spirits, motivation, patience and willingness to wait for my graduation and
timeless prayers during days and nights are everything for me. My sincere thanks and
love are also dedicated to Putri Puji Lestari and Aprilia Anugrah. D.P, Thank you so
much from my deepest heart. I would like also address my appreciation to my friend
who helps in complementing this thesis, Nur Hasanah as one of the informant in this
study, Thank you so much for the assistance and time.
I would like also express my great appreciation to all of my friends, Wahyu,
Sahid, Ayu, Febry, Fery, Novita, Laila, Joko, Eca, Finsha, Hana, Agung L.P, Mas
Didik, Mabes 16, Pak Koko and all of my relative who supported and prayed for my
success.
Malang, August 26th, 2015
The Writer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ……………………………………………………………………. iii
LEGALIZATION ………………………………………………………………. v
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ………………………………………………... vi
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………. vii
ACKNOWLEDMENTS ……………………………………………………… viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………. ix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ………………………………………………….. 1
1.2 Statements of Problem …………………………………………………….. 3
1.3 Purposes of Study …………………………………………………………. 4
1.4 Significance of Study ……………………………………………………… 4
1.5 Scope and Limitation ……………………………………………………… 4
1.6 Definition of Key Terms ………………………………………………...… 5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Sociolinguistic …………………………………………………………….. 6
2.2 Speech Community ……………………………………………………….. 7
2.3 Varieties of Language …………………………………………………….. 8
2.3.1 Dialect …………………………………………………………….. 8
2.3.2 Slang ................................................................................................. 9
2.3.3 Jargon …………………………………………………………….. 10
2.3.4 Style ................................................................................................. 10
2.3.5 Register ………………………………………………………….... 11
2.4 Types of Register ………………………………………………………… 12
2.4.1 Formal Register …......……………………………………………. 12
2.4.2 Informal Register ………………..………………………………... 12
2.4.3 Over Formal Register ...................................................................... 13
2.4.4 Motherese …….....…………………………..……………………. 13
2.4.5 Reporting Register …………………....…...……………………… 13
2.5 Reasons of Using Register ……………………………………………….. 14
2.6 Flight Attendant .......................................................................................... 15
2.7 Communication Skills of Flight Attendant ………………………………. 17
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.3 Research Design …………………………………………………………. 18
3.2 Research Informant ……………………………………………………… 19
3.3 Research Instrument ……………………………………………………... 19
3.4 Data Collection …………………………………………………………... 22
3.5 Data Analysis …………………………………………………………….. 22
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Research Findings ……………………………………………………….. 24
4.1.1 Registers used by Flight Attendant in Lion Air …………………. 24
4.1.2 The Meaning of Registers used by Flight Attendant in Lion Air ... 25
4.1.3 The reasons of using registers by Flight Attendant in Lion Air …. 31
4.2 Discussion ………………………………………………………………... 32
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................... 34
5.2 Suggestion ……………………………………………………………….... 36
REFERENCES ……………………………………...…………………………… xi
APPENDIX
REFERENCES
Ary, Donald, et al. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education. Eight Edition. USA:
Wadworth Cengage Learning
Cloumas, Flourian. 1998. The Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Blackwell Publishing.
Blackwell Reference Online
Creswell, John W. 2012. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and
Evaluating Qualitative and Qualitative Research. Fourth Edition. Boston:
Pearson
Fromkin, Victoria, et al. 2013. An Introduction to Language. Tenth Edition. USA:
Wadsworth, Cengage Learning
Heriyati. Sri. 2014. An Analysis on registers used by CIBBM (Civitas Basketball of
Muhammadiyah) At University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Malang. UMM
Digital Library
Hunt, Ellen et al. (2015, March 9). Register. Retrieved from www.uncp.edu/home
/canaca/rowk/allam/1914/language/register.htm
Joyner, Jeffrey. (2015, April 30). Personal Qualities of a Flight Attendant. Retrieved
from http://work.chron.com/personal-qualities-flight-attendant-21868.html
Lion Air. 2013. Flight Attendant Manual. Jakarta
Rifhan Ismail. 2014. The Investigation on the use of registers in financial works.
Malang. UMM Digital Library
Heriyati, Sri and Elfana, Riza. (2014). “An Analysis on Registers Used by CIBBM at
the University of Muhammadiyah Malang”. Celtic Journal, Volume 1, No.1,
June 2014. ISSN: 2356-0410: 84-96
Trask, R.L. 2007. Language and Linguistics: The Key Concepts. Second edition.
Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Wardaugh, R. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Fifth edition. Oxford:
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Yule. George. 2006. The Study of Language. Third Edition. USA. Cambridge
University Press
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter explains about background of study, statement of the problems,
purposes of study, significance of study, scope and limitation, and definition of key
terms.
1.1 Background of Study
Language is an important tool used for communication for human being to
interact with others. Without language, people are difficult to express their desire.
According to Fromkin, et al. (2013:1), language is the source of human life and
power. Therefore, language can express ideas, feeling, and emotion of human
beings to get some responses from other people. People use language to fulfill their
wants and needs. Nowadays, people are able to master language more than one and
the purpose is to be able to compete in education and occupation world. People also
use a language to communicate with their society. It was supported by Wardhaugh
(2006: 1), a language is what the members of particular society speak. However,
speech in almost any society can take many very different forms. Therefore,
Language itself is the most important tool to show that human beings are as perfect
creature created by God.
Language study or linguistics is divided into several branches. One of the
branches is sociolinguistics. According to Yule (2006: 205), Sociolinguistics is a
study of the relationship between language and society. Language and society
influence each other. The character of language and society cannot be separated,
1
both of them are inter dependent. According to Wardhaugh (2006: 13),
sociolinguistics is concerned with investigating the relationship between language
and society with the goal being a better understanding of the structure of language
and of how language function in communication. It means that sociolinguistics
concerns on how people do communication with society and how people identify
the signal to give feedback to others in their daily conversation.
The advance of language has influence the society to create several of language
variations. One of the variations of language is register. According to Wardhaugh
(2006: 52), register is a set of language items associated with discrete occupational
or social groups. Surgeons, airline pilots, bank manager, sales managers, sales
clerks, jazz fans, and pimps employ different registers. Clarifying the definition,
Ferguson as cited in Wardhaugh (2006: 52) states that ‘people participating in
recurrent communication situations tend to develop similar vocabularies, similar
features of intonation, and characteristic bits of syntax and phonology that they use
in these situations’. This kind of variety is a register. Thus, register is a language
used by social group or occupational that have similarity in vocabularies, features
of intonation and characteristics bits of syntax and phonology that used to
distinguish with others language and occupational.
There are some previous research about registers. The first research was
conducted by Heriyati (2014) about register used by Civitas Basketball of
Muhammadiyah (CIBBM) at UMM. The results of her study showed that there
were 49 registers found. The registers found from the first coach were 38 registers;
from the second coach were 28 registers. Then, the registers found from the
2
handbook of basketball for license B coach were 19 registers, but 13 registers of
them were the same as the first coach. Those registers could be grouped into formal
registers. Another research was conducted by Ismail (2014) about register used in
financial works. The registers found that specific terms are classified to registers
and five terms are jargons. Among all 123 registers, seventeen terms are used in the
name of organization structure, 61 terms are spoken in internal Federal International
Finance (FIF), and 32 terms are spoken by FIF staffs and business partners. Thirteen
terms are often spoken to customers.
Commonly, people have specific reasons that make them used the registers.
The registers used by each group of people come from many various professions to
make their communication become practical, efficient, and understandable. It can
be easy to be understood by their own group because they have the same
knowledge, experience, and importance. Flight attendance uses register to shorten
their conversation and convey the information handily.
In this study, the researcher analyzes the use of register used by flight attendant
in Lion Air. The researcher believes that flight attendant in Lion Air has special
term of language that is only understood by them. Therefore, the researcher
concerns with finding the registers, meaning of those registers and reason of using
those registers.
1.2 Statements of Problem
Based on the background of study above, the writer formulates the problems to
be investigated as follow:
1. What are the registers used by flight attendant in Lion Air?
3
2. What are the meanings of registers used by flight attendant in Lion Air?
3. What are the reasons of using registers by flight attendant in Lion Air?
1.3 Purpose of Study
After stating the certain problems, the researcher decides the purpose of the
study. They are formulated as follow:
1. To find out the registers used by flight attendant in Lion Air
2. To describe the meanings of registers used by flight attendant in Lion Air
3. To know the reasons of using registers by flight attendant in Lion Air
1.4 Significance of Study
The researcher expects that the result of this study may give contribution to the
English Department especially to the students who conduct the similar research.
The result of this study is expected are able to enrich the knowledge of English
Department students about sociolinguistics phenomena that exist in particular group
of community or profession. The result of this study is expected to give references
for the lecture of sociolinguistic as the supporting material in explaining registers
for sociolinguistic studies.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
Based on the background of study, the study has scope and limitation. The
scope of this study is focused on the registers used by flight attendant in Lion Air,
the meanings of the registers and also the reasons why the flight attendant in Lion
Air uses register. The researcher limits to the register in flight attendant in Lion Air.
4
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
The following definitions are important to make the readers to have the same
understanding or perception for some terms used in the research. It is also intended
to avoid ambiguity or misinterpretation. They are as follow:
1. Sociolinguistics is concerned with investigating the relationship between
language and society with the goal being a better understanding of the structure
of language and of how language function in communication (Wardhaugh,
2006:13)
2. Register is set of language items associated with discrete occupational or social
groups (Wardhaugh, 2006: 52).
3. Flight Attendants is a person assigned to perform duty in the cabin of an aircraft
during flight time (FAM, 2013: 1.1. -2 of 6)
5
THESIS
by:
NOVANTO ANUGRAH PRATAMA
201110100311009
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
A STUDY OF REGISTER USED BY FLIGHT ATTENDANT IN LION AIR
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana
Degree in English Education
by:
NOVANTO ANUGRAH PRATAMA
201110100311009
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
BISMILLAAHIRRAHMAANIRRAHIM
Alhamdulillahirobbil ‘alamin, Praise is merely to the Almighty Allah SWT for
the gracious mercy and tremendous blessing that enables me to accomplish this thesis
entitled: A Study of Register Used by Flight Attendant in Lion Air. This thesis is
presented to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education, Faculty of Teacher Training
and Education, University of Muhamadiyah Malang
I would like to express my special appreciation to my advisor who are behind
the completion of this thesis. The writer appreciated and thanks to Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum
as the first advisor and Khairuddin, M.Pd as second advisor for their valuable
encouragement, understanding, guidance, patience in assisting and complementing this
thesis.
The greatest honor and appreciation would be finally dedicated to my beloved
parents, my father Suwarno and my mother Sumiati. It is truly undoubted that loves,
cares, spirits, motivation, patience and willingness to wait for my graduation and
timeless prayers during days and nights are everything for me. My sincere thanks and
love are also dedicated to Putri Puji Lestari and Aprilia Anugrah. D.P, Thank you so
much from my deepest heart. I would like also address my appreciation to my friend
who helps in complementing this thesis, Nur Hasanah as one of the informant in this
study, Thank you so much for the assistance and time.
I would like also express my great appreciation to all of my friends, Wahyu,
Sahid, Ayu, Febry, Fery, Novita, Laila, Joko, Eca, Finsha, Hana, Agung L.P, Mas
Didik, Mabes 16, Pak Koko and all of my relative who supported and prayed for my
success.
Malang, August 26th, 2015
The Writer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ……………………………………………………………………. iii
LEGALIZATION ………………………………………………………………. v
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ………………………………………………... vi
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………. vii
ACKNOWLEDMENTS ……………………………………………………… viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………. ix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ………………………………………………….. 1
1.2 Statements of Problem …………………………………………………….. 3
1.3 Purposes of Study …………………………………………………………. 4
1.4 Significance of Study ……………………………………………………… 4
1.5 Scope and Limitation ……………………………………………………… 4
1.6 Definition of Key Terms ………………………………………………...… 5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Sociolinguistic …………………………………………………………….. 6
2.2 Speech Community ……………………………………………………….. 7
2.3 Varieties of Language …………………………………………………….. 8
2.3.1 Dialect …………………………………………………………….. 8
2.3.2 Slang ................................................................................................. 9
2.3.3 Jargon …………………………………………………………….. 10
2.3.4 Style ................................................................................................. 10
2.3.5 Register ………………………………………………………….... 11
2.4 Types of Register ………………………………………………………… 12
2.4.1 Formal Register …......……………………………………………. 12
2.4.2 Informal Register ………………..………………………………... 12
2.4.3 Over Formal Register ...................................................................... 13
2.4.4 Motherese …….....…………………………..……………………. 13
2.4.5 Reporting Register …………………....…...……………………… 13
2.5 Reasons of Using Register ……………………………………………….. 14
2.6 Flight Attendant .......................................................................................... 15
2.7 Communication Skills of Flight Attendant ………………………………. 17
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.3 Research Design …………………………………………………………. 18
3.2 Research Informant ……………………………………………………… 19
3.3 Research Instrument ……………………………………………………... 19
3.4 Data Collection …………………………………………………………... 22
3.5 Data Analysis …………………………………………………………….. 22
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Research Findings ……………………………………………………….. 24
4.1.1 Registers used by Flight Attendant in Lion Air …………………. 24
4.1.2 The Meaning of Registers used by Flight Attendant in Lion Air ... 25
4.1.3 The reasons of using registers by Flight Attendant in Lion Air …. 31
4.2 Discussion ………………………………………………………………... 32
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................... 34
5.2 Suggestion ……………………………………………………………….... 36
REFERENCES ……………………………………...…………………………… xi
APPENDIX
REFERENCES
Ary, Donald, et al. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education. Eight Edition. USA:
Wadworth Cengage Learning
Cloumas, Flourian. 1998. The Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Blackwell Publishing.
Blackwell Reference Online
Creswell, John W. 2012. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and
Evaluating Qualitative and Qualitative Research. Fourth Edition. Boston:
Pearson
Fromkin, Victoria, et al. 2013. An Introduction to Language. Tenth Edition. USA:
Wadsworth, Cengage Learning
Heriyati. Sri. 2014. An Analysis on registers used by CIBBM (Civitas Basketball of
Muhammadiyah) At University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Malang. UMM
Digital Library
Hunt, Ellen et al. (2015, March 9). Register. Retrieved from www.uncp.edu/home
/canaca/rowk/allam/1914/language/register.htm
Joyner, Jeffrey. (2015, April 30). Personal Qualities of a Flight Attendant. Retrieved
from http://work.chron.com/personal-qualities-flight-attendant-21868.html
Lion Air. 2013. Flight Attendant Manual. Jakarta
Rifhan Ismail. 2014. The Investigation on the use of registers in financial works.
Malang. UMM Digital Library
Heriyati, Sri and Elfana, Riza. (2014). “An Analysis on Registers Used by CIBBM at
the University of Muhammadiyah Malang”. Celtic Journal, Volume 1, No.1,
June 2014. ISSN: 2356-0410: 84-96
Trask, R.L. 2007. Language and Linguistics: The Key Concepts. Second edition.
Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Wardaugh, R. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Fifth edition. Oxford:
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Yule. George. 2006. The Study of Language. Third Edition. USA. Cambridge
University Press
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter explains about background of study, statement of the problems,
purposes of study, significance of study, scope and limitation, and definition of key
terms.
1.1 Background of Study
Language is an important tool used for communication for human being to
interact with others. Without language, people are difficult to express their desire.
According to Fromkin, et al. (2013:1), language is the source of human life and
power. Therefore, language can express ideas, feeling, and emotion of human
beings to get some responses from other people. People use language to fulfill their
wants and needs. Nowadays, people are able to master language more than one and
the purpose is to be able to compete in education and occupation world. People also
use a language to communicate with their society. It was supported by Wardhaugh
(2006: 1), a language is what the members of particular society speak. However,
speech in almost any society can take many very different forms. Therefore,
Language itself is the most important tool to show that human beings are as perfect
creature created by God.
Language study or linguistics is divided into several branches. One of the
branches is sociolinguistics. According to Yule (2006: 205), Sociolinguistics is a
study of the relationship between language and society. Language and society
influence each other. The character of language and society cannot be separated,
1
both of them are inter dependent. According to Wardhaugh (2006: 13),
sociolinguistics is concerned with investigating the relationship between language
and society with the goal being a better understanding of the structure of language
and of how language function in communication. It means that sociolinguistics
concerns on how people do communication with society and how people identify
the signal to give feedback to others in their daily conversation.
The advance of language has influence the society to create several of language
variations. One of the variations of language is register. According to Wardhaugh
(2006: 52), register is a set of language items associated with discrete occupational
or social groups. Surgeons, airline pilots, bank manager, sales managers, sales
clerks, jazz fans, and pimps employ different registers. Clarifying the definition,
Ferguson as cited in Wardhaugh (2006: 52) states that ‘people participating in
recurrent communication situations tend to develop similar vocabularies, similar
features of intonation, and characteristic bits of syntax and phonology that they use
in these situations’. This kind of variety is a register. Thus, register is a language
used by social group or occupational that have similarity in vocabularies, features
of intonation and characteristics bits of syntax and phonology that used to
distinguish with others language and occupational.
There are some previous research about registers. The first research was
conducted by Heriyati (2014) about register used by Civitas Basketball of
Muhammadiyah (CIBBM) at UMM. The results of her study showed that there
were 49 registers found. The registers found from the first coach were 38 registers;
from the second coach were 28 registers. Then, the registers found from the
2
handbook of basketball for license B coach were 19 registers, but 13 registers of
them were the same as the first coach. Those registers could be grouped into formal
registers. Another research was conducted by Ismail (2014) about register used in
financial works. The registers found that specific terms are classified to registers
and five terms are jargons. Among all 123 registers, seventeen terms are used in the
name of organization structure, 61 terms are spoken in internal Federal International
Finance (FIF), and 32 terms are spoken by FIF staffs and business partners. Thirteen
terms are often spoken to customers.
Commonly, people have specific reasons that make them used the registers.
The registers used by each group of people come from many various professions to
make their communication become practical, efficient, and understandable. It can
be easy to be understood by their own group because they have the same
knowledge, experience, and importance. Flight attendance uses register to shorten
their conversation and convey the information handily.
In this study, the researcher analyzes the use of register used by flight attendant
in Lion Air. The researcher believes that flight attendant in Lion Air has special
term of language that is only understood by them. Therefore, the researcher
concerns with finding the registers, meaning of those registers and reason of using
those registers.
1.2 Statements of Problem
Based on the background of study above, the writer formulates the problems to
be investigated as follow:
1. What are the registers used by flight attendant in Lion Air?
3
2. What are the meanings of registers used by flight attendant in Lion Air?
3. What are the reasons of using registers by flight attendant in Lion Air?
1.3 Purpose of Study
After stating the certain problems, the researcher decides the purpose of the
study. They are formulated as follow:
1. To find out the registers used by flight attendant in Lion Air
2. To describe the meanings of registers used by flight attendant in Lion Air
3. To know the reasons of using registers by flight attendant in Lion Air
1.4 Significance of Study
The researcher expects that the result of this study may give contribution to the
English Department especially to the students who conduct the similar research.
The result of this study is expected are able to enrich the knowledge of English
Department students about sociolinguistics phenomena that exist in particular group
of community or profession. The result of this study is expected to give references
for the lecture of sociolinguistic as the supporting material in explaining registers
for sociolinguistic studies.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
Based on the background of study, the study has scope and limitation. The
scope of this study is focused on the registers used by flight attendant in Lion Air,
the meanings of the registers and also the reasons why the flight attendant in Lion
Air uses register. The researcher limits to the register in flight attendant in Lion Air.
4
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
The following definitions are important to make the readers to have the same
understanding or perception for some terms used in the research. It is also intended
to avoid ambiguity or misinterpretation. They are as follow:
1. Sociolinguistics is concerned with investigating the relationship between
language and society with the goal being a better understanding of the structure
of language and of how language function in communication (Wardhaugh,
2006:13)
2. Register is set of language items associated with discrete occupational or social
groups (Wardhaugh, 2006: 52).
3. Flight Attendants is a person assigned to perform duty in the cabin of an aircraft
during flight time (FAM, 2013: 1.1. -2 of 6)
5