26
B. Previous Research
1. Pengaruh Hutang, Profitabilitas, Tanggung Jawab Lingkungan pada
CSR disclosure perusahaan pertambangan Ni Putu Emmy Febrianti, I Gede Supartha Wisada, 2015
This research want to determine the effect of debt, profitability and environment responsibility toward CSR disclosure. This research used
purposive sampling to collect the data and get 10 samples of mining companies that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from period 2011
– 2013, so there were 30 data to analyzed
The researchers used GRI G3 as guideline to analyze CSR disclosure. While the independent variables like Leverage used DER as proxy,
profitability used ROE as proxy and environment responsibility used a color from ministry of environment.
The research conducted by Ni Putu and I Gede used regression analysis with 3 panels data which are CEM, FEM, REM. First the
researchers want to determine which one of the best panels data from 3 panel data that researcher used and the result is researcher used REM as method to
test the data. The result of test show that Leverage and Profitability has an positive effect toward CSR disclosure while there is no effect for CSR
disclosure from environment responsibility.
27
2. Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Kepelikan Saham publik
terhadap Pengungkapan CSR Dyah Indraswari and Putra Astika, 2015
The Purpose of research that have conducted by Dyah and Putra is to find impact of profitability, company size, ownership share of CSR
disclosure. This research used purposive sampling and took 11 food and drink companies that listed in Indonesia stock
Exchange IDX from 2010 –
2012, so the researcher had 33 sample data.
From the researcher point of view that companies in high profile is better to disclose their CSR than companies in low profile. At the present
time in Indonesia, CSR disclosure is not something voluntary anymore but already become
mandatory because it has been arranged by Indonesia Law No 40 Year 2007 about company regulation UU PT.
Researcher analyst data by use descriptive anaylsis and classic assumption. The analysis method to test the hypothesis that researcher used
is multiple regression analysis. The result of descriptive analysis show that companies has good responsibility to social and environment and investor
will respond it through company share. The result of multiple regression analysis is that profitability and
company size has significant impact to CSR disclosure while Ownership share has not significant impact. Researcher reveal that higher profitability
and company size it will make high intention to disclose their CSR but the higher ownership share is the less intention company disclose CSR report.
28
3. The Effect of Sustainability Report Disclosure Towards Financial
Performance Ika Nugroho and Irine Stephani Arjowo, 2014
This study research try to find out effect of sustainability report disclosure
on the company‟s financial performance and the tools to measure financial performance is profitability, liquidity, leverage activity and
devidend payout ratio. In this research sample were taken from Indonesia Stock Exchange IDX and focus for manufacturing company that disclose
the sustainability report from 2010 as annual report. The independent variable in this research is sustainability report that
used GRI index and dependent variables that used in this research is ROA, CR, DER, IT, DPR. The researcher makes 5 hypotheses that Sustainability
report will affect those 5 aspects. There are two analyses used to achieve the purpose of this research. First analysis is descriptive analysis to describe the
variables and second regression analysis to examine the influence of independents variables towards dependent variables.
The result from analysis show that the first hypotheses about ROA is significant and show manufacturing company that disclose sustainability
report tends to get big ROA. The test about another dependents variables show sustainability report disclosure does not have any significant effects
towards CR, DER, IT and DPR.
29
4. Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial
Performance in the mineral Industry Xiping et al, 2014
The researchers investigated the relationship Corporate Social Responsibility CSR and Corporate Financial Performance CFP for
mineral firms in China. This paper classified of mineral firm into 5 sectors: Metal Fabrication, extractive Industry, oil and gas, water industry.
The researchers get the data from HEXUN website and this study used a regression model to investigate relation between social and financial
performance. The financial performance indicators are ROA, ROE, growth rate, expansion rate and EPS on the other side for social performance are
shareholder responsibility,, employee responsibility, customer and supplier responsibility, environmental responsibility and public responsibility.
Researcher r try to find the relation of Corporate Social responsibility and corporate financial performance by calculated the financial performance
ratio and corporate social responsibility. The calculation result show that corporate social responsibility has significant positive impact on ROA, CSR
has long run effect for asset and equity companies. Corporate Social Responsibility will help companies reduce the cost and lead company to
increase of profit. Shareholder responsibility also show a positive result of the effect on financial performance because shareholder responsibility
composed of profits, debts, retun, credit and innovation that one of the
main internal focus in companies itself.
30
5. Impact sustainability performance of company on its financial
performance Priyanka Aggrawal, 2013
This study evaluates the sustainability performance in India. The purpose of this paper is to find whether sustainable companies are more
profitable and examine the impact of sustainability rating of company on its financial performance. The researcher also try to analyze the four
components of
corporate sustainability:
Community, employees,
environment and government on company financial performance. The Independent variable in this research is overall sustainability
rating and the dependents variable is return on asset, return on equity, return on capital employed, profit before tax and the last is growth variable. This
research used 2 model test with multiple regression analysis as a tools. The first model is try to analyze the overall sustainability performance on
company financial performance. The second model wants to examine the separate components of corporate sustainability Community, employees,
environment and government on company financial performance. The result of first model analysis is OSR has positive and has no
impact on financial performance company. The second model is show only
community that has insignificant relation with financial performance. The conclusion is corporate sustainability only has positive influence to
ROA,PBT, GTA while ROE and ROCE is negative. The sustainability performance along employees, environment, and governance has significant
relation that will support company financial perfromance.
31
6. Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan Terhadap Corporate Social
Responsibility Disclosure Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di BEI Sukmawati Safitri Dewi and Maswar Patuh Priyadi, 2013
Safitri Dewi and Patuh Pridyadi try to investigate the relation between company characteristic and CSR disclosure. The object of this
research is manufacturing companies that listed in Indonesia stock exchange from 2009 until 2011.
This research is quantitative research and took classic assumption test first as requirement to used multiple regression in order to analyze the 102
sample data. The independent variables in this research are size Log Asset, profitability ROA, Leverage DAR, Management ownership share of
managers, Board commissioners BOC while the dependent variable is Corporate social responsibility index.
The result of researchers analysis is found that only size, management ownership and board commissioners has influence to CSR
disclosure while profitability and leverage show no influence to CSR disclosure so researcher first conclusion is the bigger size of company the
bigger of risk that company has related to social and environment. The second conclusion is the more share of managers in company the more
contribution of managers to company so managers try to disclose more about CSR performance. Third conclusion the more board commissioner is the
better and higher to monitor and to make managers do more social and
environmental activities
32
7. Sustainability Practice and corporate financial Performance Rashid
Ameer and Radiah Otman, 2011
This research aim to know companies that has high responsibility with sustainability practice have a higher financial performance e compare to
those who do not use sustainability practice. In the paper research told me that the researcher used top 100 sustainable global company in 2008 as
sample of research by using four indices highlighting companies commitment and give a grade company sustainable contribution to select the
companies. The researcher used salesrevenue growth, return on assets, profit before tax and cash flow from operation income as indicator to measure the
companies financial performance. The research use qualitative and quantitative methods by use analysis
procedure for qualitative and statistical data for quantitative. For the qualitative methods the researcher try to analyze the commitment of
companies such as : community, environment, diversity and ethical standards and use a grading to make code in order to reach the conclusion .
The finding of the research is global sustainable companies put more emphasison the eco-centric issues compared to ethnocentric issues and the
statistical result show the researcher that companies emphasis on sustainability practices have higher financial performance measured by
Return on asset, profit before taxation, and cash flow operation if we compare to companies who in the same sector but do not use sustainability
practice.
33
8. Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas dan Ukuran Dewan
Komisaris terhadap pengungkapan corporate social responsibility pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdap di BEI Evi Mutia et al, 2011
The aim of study that has been conducted by Evi, Zuraida and Andirani is to analyses the effect of company size, profitability and size of
board of commissioner on the corporate social responsibility disclosure. The researchers use purposive sampling and focus to manufacturing companies
that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2006 – 2008 .
There were 37 companies that have been analyzed by researchers with the criteria that disclose the CSR activity. The researchers used
secondary data from Indonesia stock exchange and researchers used multiple analyses regression and classic assumption as method to analyze the data.
The dependent variable is CSR disclosure dummy variable and the 3 independents variable are company size that proxy by number of
employees, profitabilityy proxy by earning per share and Size of board commissioner proxy by total board commissioners.
The result of analysis is for overall independent variable has significant impact to CSR disclosure but as partial test only size of board
commissioners and size of company that has significant influence correlation toward CSR disclosure.
34
9. Research on sustainability reporting in Hong Kong Tang Fuk Yi and
Chan Ka yu, 2010
Tang Fuk Yi and Chan Ka yu investigated the relationship between economic performance, social and environmental disclosure in Hong Kong.
The purpose of this research is not only want to test the independent variables of economic performance have a effect on sustainability disclosure
but also want to know the different sustainability reporting in different business sectors is different or not .
In this research for the evaluation of economic performance used 4 aspects: firm size, profitability, leverage level and growth opportunity of
company. For environmental and social indicator the researcher used 12 aspects on it which are : water, waste, energy, biodiversity, emission,
environmental management system, employment, occupational health and safety, training and education community involvement and customer health
and safety. For the profitability test the result is return on assets ROA and
sustainability reporting index show non-significant relationship which means return on asset does not play significant role on sustainability reporting only
firm size and leverage level that play significant role in sustainability reporting. The test also told us companies in Hong kong that has higher
profitability have more CSR disclosure and financial industry business sector has best performance to disclose their sustainability reporting.
35
Table 2.2 Overview Previous Research
No Researcher
Years Variable
Analysis Method
Result
1
Ni Putu Emmy Febrianti and I
GedeSupartha Wisada 2015
DER, ROE, Proper Regression
Analysis Leverage and
Profitability has an effect
toward CSR disclosure
2
Dyah Indraswari and Putra Astika
2015 Profitability,
Company Size, Ownership Share
Multiple Regression
Analysis Profitability
and Company size has
significant impact to CSR
disclosure
3
Ika Nugroho and Irine Stephani
Arjowo 2014
Sustainability Reporting GRI
Index , ROA, CR ,DER,IT,DPR
Regression Analysis and
Descriptive Analysis
Sustainability Reporting has
significant influence
towards ROA and does not
significant towards CR
,IT,DER , and DPR
4
Xiping Pan ,Jing Hua ,Hongliang
Zhang ,Wenlan ke 2014
CSR performance ROA, ROE, growth
rate, expansion rate and EPS
Regression Analysis
corporate social
responsibility has significant
positive impact on ROA
5 Priyanka Aggrawal
2013 Overall
sustainability rating , ROA,
ROE,ROCE,PBT AND GTA
Multiple Regression
Analysis Overall
sustainability has positive
only ROA ,PBT AND
GTA but insignificant
impact on financial
performance
36 No
Researcher Variable
Analysis Result
6 Sukmawati Safitri
Dewi and Maswar Patuh Priyadi 2013
CSRI, Profitability, Leverage,
Management Ownership, Board
Commissioners Multiple Regression
analysis and classic Assumption
Size, Management
Ownership and Board of
Commissioner has influence
to Corporate Social
Responsibility
7 Rashid Ameer and
Radiah Otman 2011
Sustainability Report GRI Index
,SG ,ROA,PBT,CFO
Analysis Procedure and statistical
analysis Companies
with sustainability
practices has high financial
performance
8 Evi mutia , Zuraida
and Devi Andirani 2011
CSR disclosure Variable dummy ,
Company size, Earning per share,
Total Of Board Commissioners
Multiple Regression analysis and classic
Assumption Overall
independent variable is
significant with CSR .
As partial Only
company size and BOC that
significant with CSR.
9 Tang Fuk Yi and
Chan Ka yu 2010
Sustainability Reporting GRI
Index, firm size ,profitability,
leverage level and growth opportunity
of company Regression Analysis Profitability
and company growth has no
relationship with SRDI
while leverage and
firm size has positive
relationship with SRDI
37
D. Logical Framework
