d. Reflecting
The writer conducts the reflection with collaborator about her activity, students’ activity and also their situation when the action is accomplished. Then
she analyzes observation data, interview data, pre-test and post-test based on criteria success.
H. The Technique of Analyzing Data
In this research, there are two kinds of data which will be collected by the writer as follow:
1. Qualitative data is data about the information which give a description of students’ expression about comprehension level toward the subject
cognitive, students’ respond toward new method affective, and students’ activity toward learning a subject, their attention, their
enthusiastic in learning, their response; their motivation of learning can be analyzed qualitatively. The writer uses descriptive analysis to analyze this
qualitative data, which consists of the observation of students’ activities and teacher’s performance during the teaching learning process, the field
notes, also the interview before and after Classroom Action Research CAR.
2. Quantitative data comprises of students’ score of learning outcome. This research can be considered success when students have understood simple
past tense. The increasing of their achievement can be shown with increasing score which is gotten by students from pretest score to posttest
score. The writer uses three techniques in analyzing the numerical data as follow:
a The writer seeks the average of students’ grammar score within pre- action and post-action of every cycle by using the formula:
6
6
Sudjana, Metoda Statistika, Bandung: PT. Tarsito, 2002, p. 67.
_ ∑x
X = ──
n _
X : mean x : individual score
n : number of students b The writer seeks the class percentage which pass the KKM score 65
by using the formula:
7
F P =
── X 100 N
P : the class percentage F : total percentage score
N : number of students c To know whether any improvement or not in students’ score, the writer
analyzes their score from pre-test up to posttest score in cycle 1 and cycle 2 by using the formula:
8
y1 - y P =
─── X 100 y
P : percentage of students’ improvement y : pre-test result
y1 : post-test 1
7
Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008, p. 43.
8
David E. Meltzer, The Relationship between Mathematics Preparation and Conceptual Learning Gains in Physics: A Possible Hidden Variable in Diagnostic Pretest Scores, Iowa:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, 2008, p.3.
y2 - y P =
─── X 100 y
P : percentage of students’ improvement y : pre-test result
y2 : post-test 2
I. The Trustworthiness of Study
In analyzing the test items, the writer uses three ways to know the trustworthiness of the data as follow:
1. The Validity of Test
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