3
Figure 1.1: Types of wheel offset
Next criteria is the wheel size of the sport rim that shows the distance from the hub- mounting and usually wheel size is depend on the size of the car used while PCD is the
diameter of a circle drawn through the center of your wheel’s bolt holes and wheel spoke
consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim. Currently, car manufacturers use different stud or bolt hole patterns for the fitment of their wheels and
these must line up exactly with a new ones enabling them to seat properly against the hub.
1.2 Problem Statement of Study
Nowadays, plenty of wheel rims in market were introduced with different material such as steel, aluminum alloy, magnesium and etc. Aluminum alloy rim are obviously more
pleasing to look at than steel rim but in term of comparing the strength, we did not know which wheel rim is more durable and strong. Many customers facing the same problem
which is dented wheel rim in case when collide with aperture road in daily usage. Most wheel manufacturer just priorities the looking of wheel rim rather than the durability and
toughness of car wheel rim. This situation are worsen by the raising of aftermarket wheel rim with many fancy styles and design that can affect a lot of car user to fit it at
their car without knowing the risk of their wheel to damage easily.
4 Other than that, extensive aftermarket wheel size and offset that easily fit to the cars by
customers is dangerous to the stability and control of the car. Wider wheel can increase the load on the wheel shaft that affect the shaft to bend and crack easily. This situation
can be worse when the driver lost control of the car and involve in car accident. This example has shown enough that there is no proper guideline for car user and extensive
variety of wheels rim available on market makes it an overwhelming experience for users to choose the right ones they need for their car. For this research, we are focusing
on the strength analysis of both aluminum alloy and steel rim to find which is more durable and creates a long lasting life for daily usage.
1.3 Objective
To come out with analysis data comparative on aluminum alloy versus steel rim and to analyze the strength of both wheel rim by using simulation in CATIA software.
1.4 Project Scope
Scope of this project encompasses of using aluminum alloy and steel rim with wheel diameter of 15 inch. Plenty of car users nowadays use compact cars with commonly use
15 inch wheel rim. Result data of this project can be used to guide majority car user to choose better wheel rim for their car. This project also undergoes computational analysis
to determine the strength of both wheel rims by using simulation in CATIA software. Von Mistress static analysis is use with the model is subjected to a distributed
circumferential load start with 1000N to 10000N with incremental of 1000N and is stopped immediately when the deformation of the wheel is more than 30mm. Then, the
analysis is continue with the lab testing which using pressing machine with the same
5 range as computational analysis 1000N to 10000N with incremental of 1000N. Width
wheel data is collected in every test to check the deformation and damage to the wheel.
6
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Types of Wheels
