v
TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstrak
i Abstract
ii Dedication
iii Acknowledgement
iv Table of Content
v List of Tables
viii List of Figures
ix List Abbreviations, Symbols and Nomenclatures
x
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background study 1
1.2 Problem statement 2 1.3 Objectives
3 1.3.1 Main objective
3 1.3.2 Specific objectives
3 1.4 Scope 4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 Introduction
6 2.2
Air conditioning system 7
2.3 Concerns of indoor air quality
8 2.3.1. Indoor air quality parameters
8 2.4. Sick building syndrome among office workers
12 2.4.1. Diagnosis of sick building syndrome
13 2.4.2 Contributor towards severity of sick building syndrome
16 2.5. Ways to improve the condition of air in a building
18 2.5.1 Air conditioning system
19 2.5.2. Condition of the building
20 2.5.3. Building authorities
20
vi 2.5.4. Occupants
21 2.6. Improvement in IAQ and SBS study
21
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 23
3.1. The target area 23
3.2. Study population 24
3.3. Data collection 25
3.3.1. Walkthrough survey 25
3.3.2. Measurement of the level of indoor air quality 25
3.3.3. Questionnaire study 26
3.3.4. SBS score 27
3.3.5. Correlation between mean SBS symptoms per person and different parameters
28 3.4.
Conceptual framework 28
3.5. Flow of the study
29
CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION 32
4.1. The indoor air quality parameters results 32
4.1.1. Air movement 32
4.1.2. Air temperature 34
4.1.3. Relative humidity 35
4.1.4. Particulate matter 2.5 36
4.1.5. Carbon dioxide concentration 37
4.2. Questionnaire results 38
4.2.1. Social demographic 39
4.2.2. Respondents’ health status 40
4.2.3. Perceived indoor air quality 41
4.2.4. Symptoms of SBS 42
4.3. Relationship between indoor air quality parameters and sick building syndrome
43 4.3.1. Air velocity around working area and SBS symptoms
44 4.3.2. Air temperature and SBS symptoms
45
vii 4.3.3. Relative humidity around working area and SBS symptoms
45 4.3.4. Concentration of carbon dioxide in the working area and SBS
symptoms 46
4.3.5. Respirable dust level around working area and SBS symptoms 47
4.4. Discussions 48
4.4.1. Physical parameters and indoor air contaminants of indoor air quality
48 4.4.2. Social demographic of the occupants
50 4.4.3. The prevalence of SBS and its correlation with IAQ
51
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 53
