fi suroti yasin
ﲡﺮﻳﺪ
ﻛﻮﻛﻮ ﻓﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻤﺒﺎﺩﺍ :ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ )ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﳓﻮﻳﺔ(
ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﻼﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ
ﻳﺪﻝ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﺠﺰ ﻳﻌﺠﺰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﳐﻠﻮﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺗﻮﺍ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ .ﻓﻘﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ
ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﲢﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻻ ﺃﺣﺪﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺏ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻴﺪ.
ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﻈﺎﺭ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ
ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ.
ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ
ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ،ﻓﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ
ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳓﻮﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺁﻳﺎﺎ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺏ .ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ
ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻬﻮ :ﺍﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺑﺎﳋﺼﻮﺹ ﺇﱃ
ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ،ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻣﺼﺪﺭﻩ.
ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲨﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﺔ
ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﻩ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺩﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺒﺘﻪ.
.1ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ
.2ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ
.3ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
.4ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ
.5ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﻭﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺃ .ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺏ .ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺝ .ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
.1ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ
.2ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
ﶈﺔ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺃ .ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ
ﺏ .ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺝ .ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ
ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ
ﺃ .ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ
ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺃ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ
ﺏ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ
ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺃ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﺏ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ
ﺝ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ
.1ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
.2ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ
ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ
ﺃ .ﺟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
.1ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ
.2ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﲡﺮﻳﺪ
ﻛﻮﻛﻮ ﻓﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻤﺒﺎﺩﺍ :ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ )ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﳓﻮﻳﺔ(
ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ
ﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﻼﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﺠﺰ ﻳﻌﺠﺰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ
ﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﳐﻠﻮﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺗﻮﺍ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ .ﻓﻘﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ
ﲢﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻻ ﺃﺣﺪﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻴﺪ.
ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﻈﺎﺭ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ
ﻭﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ.
ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ
ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ
ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ،ﻓﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳓﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺁﻳﺎﺎ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺏ .ﺃﻣﺎ
ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻬﻮ :ﺍﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ
ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺑﺎﳋﺼﻮﺹ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ،ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻫﻮ
ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻣﺼﺪﺭﻩ.
iv
ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲨﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ
ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﻩ ﻗﺴﻢ
ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ.
v
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
.١ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ
.٢ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ
.٣ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
.٤ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ
.٥ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﻭﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ
ﶈﺔ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺃ .ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ
ﺏ .ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺝ .ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺃ .ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺏ .ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺝ .ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
.١ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ
.٢ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ
ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ
ﺃ .ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ
.١ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺃ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ
ﺏ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ
.٢ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺃ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﺏ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ
ﺝ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ
ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ
.١ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
.٢ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ
ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﲤﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻋﻨﻮﺍﻧﻪ " :ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ )ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﳓﻮﻳﺔ( "
ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ - -ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ،ﰱ ٦ﻳﻮﱏ ٢٠١١ﻣـ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ ٤ﺭﺍﺟﺐ ١٤٣٢ﻫـ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﻗﻠﻮﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻃﺎ
ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰱ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺎ )(S.S.
ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ،٦ﻳﻮﱏ ٢٠١١ﻣـ
٤ﺭﺍﺟﺐ ١٤٣٢ﻫـ
ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ
ﺳﻜﺮﺗﲑ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﻭﻋﻀﻮ
ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﻭﻋﻀﻮ
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺷﻬﻴﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﺮ
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺱ ﺃﺩﺍﻧﺞ ﺃﺳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﺮ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ١٩٧٥٠٦٣٠٢٠٠٣١٢٢٠١ :
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ١٩٥٩٠٥١٠١٩٩١٠٣١٠٠١ :
ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ
ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻑ
ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺶ
ﺣﺴﲏ ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﺍﻟﱪﻭﻓﻴﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﺎﻥ ﺭﺅﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ١٩٤٦٠٥٠٥١٩٧١٠٧١٠٠١ :
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ١٥٠٢٨٨٢٨٦ :
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ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ
ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﹼﺬﻯ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳍﺪﻯ ﻭﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻟﻴﻈﻬﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ
ﻛﻠﹼﻪ ﻭﻛﻔﻰ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺷﻬﻴﺪﺍ .ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﹼﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ،ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ
ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞﹼ ﺷﻴﺊ ﻗﺪﻳﺮ .ﻭﺑﻌﺪ:
ﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻘﻪ ،ﻗﺪ ﲤﹼﺖ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﲢﺖ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ "
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ )ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﳓﻮﻳﺔ( " ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺇﱃ
ﻛﻠﹼﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰱ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ
ﻭ ﺃﺩﺍﺎ ،ﻭ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ ﳍﺆﻻﺀ
ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻭﻧﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ .ﻭﺃﺧﺺ ﺷﻜﺮﻩ
ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺺ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﺃﱃ:
.١ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﹼﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﻳﻪ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ
ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺎ ﻭﺳﻜﺮﺗﲑﻩ ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺗﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﹼﺬﻳﻦ
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ﺑﺬﻟﻮﺍ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﰱ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ.
.٢ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺣﺴﲏ ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﹼﺬﻱ ﺗﻔﹶﻀﻞ ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ
ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ.
.٣ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ،
ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﹼﺬﻳﻦ
ﺃﺗﺎﺣﻮﺍ ﱃ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﲦﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﹼﱴ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ
ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ.
.٤ﻭ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺴﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺷﻜﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻪ
ﺍﻟﻜﺮﳝﲔ ﺃﺟﻴﻨﺞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﲞﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺃﺩﻯ ﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﹼﺬﻳﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﺎﻩ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ
ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺻﻐﺮﻩ ﻭﺯﻭﺩﺍﻩ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﺼﺮﻩ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻷﻧﻐﻰ
ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺃﻋﻄﺘﻪ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻌﺎ.
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.٥ﻭ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻼﺀ ﺍﻷﻋﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﹼﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭ ﺷﺠﻌﻮﻩ ﰱ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺯﻣﺰﻡ ﻧﻮﺭﻫﺪﻯ ﻭﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺑﻴﺲ.
ﻭ ﺃﺧﲑﺍ ،ﻋﺴﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺰﻳﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﻭ ﻋﺴﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ
ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ
ﻛﻮﻛﻮ ﻓﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻤﺒﺎﺩﺍ
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ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻑ........................................................ﺃ
ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ.............................................................ﺏ
ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ......................................ﺝ
ﲡﺮﻳﺪ........................................................................ﺩ
ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ.................................................................ﻩ
ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.............................................................ﻭ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺃ .ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ١......................................................
ﺏ .ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ٣....................................................
ﺝ .ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ٣.................................................
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ﺩ .ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ٤......................................................
ھ .ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ٤...................................................
ﻭ .ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ٤.......................................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ٦..............................................................
ﺃ .ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ٧....................................................
ﺏ .ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ٨....................................................
ﺝ .ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ١٢.................................................
.١ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ١٢............................................................
.٢ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ١٥............................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
ﶈﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ١٧............................................
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ﺃ .ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ١٨.......................................
ﺏ .ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ١٩.........................................
ﺝ .ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ٢١..............................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ
ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ٢٥.........................
ﺃ .ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ٢٥...........................................
.١ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ٢٥....................................
ﺃ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ٢٥.............................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ٣٩...........................................
.٢ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ٤٩...................................
ﺃ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻴﺔ٤٩.............................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ٦٨............................................
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ﺝ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ٧١...........................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ
ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ
ﺃ .ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ٧٦..........................................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ٧٨.....................................................
ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ٧٩.......................................................
ﺃ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ٨٣...................
.١ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ٨٧.............
.٢ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ٩٣...................................
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١
ﺍﻟﺒﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺃ .ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ
ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﺎ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺎ )ﺍﻧﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎﻩ ﻗﺮﺁﻧﺎ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺎ
ﻟﻌﻠﻜﻢ ﺗﻌﻘﻠﻮﻥ( ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ٢:١٢ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ .ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻐﺔ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ
ﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻟﻴﻘﺮﺃ ﻭ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ.
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻌﺠﺰ ،ﺍﳌﱰﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﰎ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ،
ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ،ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ
ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺍﺗﺮ ،ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﺘﻼﻭﺗﻪ ،ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻭﺀ ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ،ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺘﻢ ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ.
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ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ
ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﱪ ﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻏﺮﺍﺿﻬﻢ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ
ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ .ﻭﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻔﺔ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ
١ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺑﻮﻥ ،ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ،ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ :ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﺎ ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻭ ﲤﺎﺩﺕ .ﺹ ٨
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ﻣﻨﺜﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﻬﻢ .ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺼﻤﺔ
ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ .ﻭﻫﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ) ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ،ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺏ،
ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ،ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻊ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﰲ ،ﻭﻗﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ،
ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ،ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺎﺑﺔ ،ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ،ﻭﻣﱳ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ( ﻭﺃﻫﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ )ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ
ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ(.
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ﻓﺎﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺩﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﲎ
ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻘﺘﺮﻥ ﺑﺰﻣﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﺎﹰ ٣.ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ
ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺎ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎ
ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ،ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻝ ،ﻭﻗﻴﻞ
ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺄﺻﻮﻝ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺎ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻭﻓﺴﺎﺩﻩ.
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٢ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲎ ،ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ،ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺑﲑﻭﺕ :ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺕ ،ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ١٩٨٧ﻡ .ﺝ،١
ﺹ٨٠٧
٣ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﲏ ﺩﺣﻼﻥ ،ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ،ﺷﺮﺡ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﺟﺮﻭﻣﻴﺔ ،ﲰﺎﺭﺍﻉ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﻃﻪ
ﻗﻮﺗﺮﺍ ،ﺩﺕ ،ﺹ٥
٤ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳉﺮﺟﺎﱐ ،ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ،ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ،ﺑﲑﻭﺕ :ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ١٩٨٨ ،ﻡ ،ﻁ٣.
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ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﻳﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﻌﻤﻖ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ
ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻟﻺﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﳒﺘﻬﺪ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻤﻖ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ،ﻭﻣﻦ
ﺍﺣﺪﻯ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻤﻘﻬﺎ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺣﺪﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻫﺎ.
ﻭﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ
ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ .ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﻴﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻫﺬﻩ
ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﲢﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ "ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﳓﻮﻳﺔ"
ﺏ .ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ
ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺴﺒﺤﺜﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻬﻲ :
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ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ؟
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ﻣﺎ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ؟
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ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺁﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ؟
ﺝ .ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
.١ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ.
.٢ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﱴ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ .
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.٣ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﱏ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ.
ﺩ .ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ
ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻮﺻﻒ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ .ﻭﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺻﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ
ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ " ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ " ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ :
Pedoman Penulisan Skripsi, Tesis, dan Disertasi UIN Syarif
Hidayatullah Jakarta ٢٠١١
ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ :
PEDOMAN PENULISAN SKRIPSI BAHASA DAN SASTRA ARAB
ھ .ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ
ﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﲝﺎﺛﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ،ﺇﻻ ﺃﺎ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ،ﻭﻫﻲ "ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﳓﻮﻳﺔ ﻭ
ﺑﻼﻏﻴﺔ" ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺗﺮﻳﻮﳒﻐﻮ ﺃﺟﻲ ﺣﺎﻳﺘﻨﻮ
ﻭ .ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
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ﻭﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻗﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﻫﻲ :
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
:ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ :ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ،ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ،
ﺃﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ
:ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ ،ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ،ﻣﻌﺎﱏ
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻬﺎ .
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻧﺰﻭﳍﺎ ﻭﻣﻀﻤﻮﺎ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻊ
:ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ،
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻣﻌﺎﱏ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺁﻳﺎﺎ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ :ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
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ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﺮﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﳉﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ
ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﺎ .ﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺃﺿﺎﻑ ﻳﻀﻴﻒ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﻭﺃﺻﻠﻪ ﺃﺿﻴﻒ ﲢﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻠﺒﺖ ﺃﻟﻔﺎ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻇﻢ ﻣﻦ ،ﺑﺎﺀ
ﺃﻭ ﻭﺍﻭ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺃﺻﻞ.
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ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ:
ﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺇﻥ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ ﺃﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻏﺎﻟﻴﺔ -ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺩﺍﺩ ﺃﺭﺿﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻐﺘﺼﺒﺔ
٥ﺍﺑﻦ ﲪﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺞ ،ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﲪﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ،ﺝ ،١ﺹ.١٩٤
٧
ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺿﻤﻤﻨﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺣﺐ" ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻦ"
ﻭﻧﺴﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﲔ )ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ( )ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺩﺍﺩ
ﺃﺭﺿﻬﻢ( ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ "ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ".
٦
ﺃ .ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﳓﻮﻩ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ
ﺑﲔ ﺍﲰﲔ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳉﺮ ،ﺗﻮﺟﺐ ﺟﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺃﺑﺪﺍ ،ﳓﻮ) :ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ
ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻤﻴﺬ .ﻟﺒﺴﺖ ﺧﺎﰎ ﻓﻀﺔ .ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﳌﺨﻠﺼﲔ( .ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ .ﻓﺎﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ
ﺇﻟﻴﻪ :ﺍﲰﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺟﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺭ .ﻭﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﳉﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ،
ﻻ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳉﺮ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ.
٧
ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ "ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ،ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ" ﻭﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﻢ
ﺃﻭ ﺿﻤﲑ ﻳﻨﺴﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ .ﻣﺜﻞ :ﺯﺭﺕ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﻙ ) .ﻓﻠﻮ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺯﺭﺕ
٦ﳏﻤﺪ ﲪﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ،ﺹ.٣٦١
٧ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺝ ،١ﺹ -ﺹ.٢٠٦ - ٢٠٥
٨
ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﻭﺳﻜﺘﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﻯ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩﺓ .ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺯﺭﺕ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ
ﺍﻷﲰﺎﻙ ﻋﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ(.
٨
ﺏ .ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ:
- ١ﻓﺎﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ :ﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺃﻭ ﲣﺼﻴﺼﻪ .ﻭﺿﺎﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ
ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻪ .ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺃﺻﻼ:
ﻛﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ،ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺻﻔﺎ ﻭﻣﻀﺎﻓﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻪ :ﻛﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ،
ﻭﻣﺄﻛﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ،ﻭﻣﺸﺮﻢ ﻭﻣﻠﺒﻮﺳﻬﻢ.
٩
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﲪﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ :ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ
ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺎ ﻋﻤﻼ) ﺍﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ _ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ _ ﺻﻔﺔ
ﻣﺸﺒﻬﺔ(.
١٠
٨ﻓﺆﻭﺩ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ،ﺝ ،١ﺹ.٩٨
٩ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺑﻴﻴﲏ ،ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺹ.٢٠٧
١٠ﳏﻤﺪ ﲪﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ،ﺹ.٣٦١
٩
ﻭﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ،ﳓﻮ)) :ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ
ﺳﻌﺪ(( ﻭﲣﺼﻴﺼﻪ ،ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻜﺮﺓ ﳓﻮ)) :ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺟﻞ(( .ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ
ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻣﺘﻮﻏﻼ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ ،ﻓﻼ ﺗﻔﻴﺪﻩ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎ ،ﻭﺫﻟﻚ
ﻣﺜﻞ)) :ﻏﲑ ﻭ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻭﺷﺒﻪ ﻭﻧﻈﲑ(( ،ﳓﻮ)) :ﺟﺎﺀ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻏﲑﻙ ،ﺃﻭ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺳﻠﻢ ،ﺃﻭ
ﺷﺒﻪ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ،ﺃﻭ ﻧﻈﲑ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ(( .ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﺎ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﻜﺮﺓ .ﻭﻟﻮ
ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﳌﺎ ﺟﺎﺯ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﺻﻒ ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺮﺓ ،ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺿﻤﲑ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ
ﺇﱃ ﻧﻜﺮﺓ ،ﻓﻼ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ،ﳓﻮ)) :ﺟﺎﺀﱐ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻩ .ﺭﺏ ﺭﺟﻞ
ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻩ .ﻛﻢ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ(( .ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻲ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ))ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ(( ﻭ ))ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﶈﻀﺔ((.
١١
ﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﺴﺐ ﺍﶈﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ
ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻨﺎ:
ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﺪ ﺷﺎﺏ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ.ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻜﺮﺓ ،ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻨﺎ:
١١ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺑﻴﻴﲏ ،ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺹ.٢٠٨ - ٢٠٧
١٠
-ﻫﺬﻩ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺣﻖ ،ﻭﺗﻠﻚ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺆﻣﻦ.
١٢
ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ" ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ " ﻭﻗﺪ ﲰﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻷﻥ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺎ
ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ،ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺎ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺃﻭ ﲣﺼﻴﺼﻪ .ﻭﲰﻴﺖ
ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ .ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ
ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ .ﻭﲰﻌﺖ ﳏﻀﺔ ﻷﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ
ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ .ﻓﻬﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺘﺮﻯ.
١٣
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﲪﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ :ﻭﺍﳕﺎ ﲰﻴﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ،ﻷﺎ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﺍ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺃﻭ ﲣﺼﻴﺼﻪ.
ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﶈﻀﺔ ،ﺃﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻺﺿﺎﻓﺔ ،ﻓﻼ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ.
١٤
- ٢ﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ :ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻭﻻ ﲣﺼﻴﺼﺔ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ
ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ،ﲝﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ.
ﻭﺿﺎﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ،ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ
١٢ﳏﻤﺪ ﲪﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ،ﺹ.٣٦٢
١٣ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺑﻴﻴﲏ ،ﺹ.٢٠٨
١٤ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ،ﺹ.٣٦٢
١١
ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﺸﺒﻬﺔ ،ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﳍﺎ
ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ،ﳓﻮ )):ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ .ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻈﻠﻮﻡ .ﺃﻧﺼﺮ
ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻬﻀﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﻖ ،ﻋﺎﺷﺮ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺣﺴﻨﺎ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ((.
١٥
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻼ ) ﺍﺳﻢ
ﻓﺎﻋﻞ -ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ -ﺃﻭ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﺸﺒﻬﺔ(.
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ } :ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺎﻟﻖ ﺍﳊﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻯ
ﳜﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﻭﳐﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻲ { ،ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ } :ﺫﻟﻜﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺑﻜﻢ ﻻ
ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﻖ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻓﺎﻋﺒﺪﻭﻩ { ،ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻜﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ
ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎ ﲣﺼﻴﺼﺎ ،ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﲰﻴﺖ ﻟﻔﻈﻴﺔ ﻷﺎ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﺍ ﻟﻔﻈﻴﺎ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﲝﺬﻑ
ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ .ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻏﲑ ﳏﻀﺔ ،ﺃﻱ ﻏﲑ
ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺔ ﻟﻺﺿﺎﻓﺔ ،ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ ،ﻓﺘﻘﻮﻝ ،ﺃﻧﺖ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ.
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ﺃﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ ﻓﻸﻥ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺎ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻓﻘﻂ ،ﻭﻫﻮ
ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻲ ،ﲝﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﻭﻧﻮﱏ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ .ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺎﺯﻳﺔ
١٥ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺑﻴﻴﲏ ،ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺹ.٢٠٨
١٦ﳏﻤﺪ ﲪﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ،ﺹ.٣٦٢
١٢
ﻓﻸﺎ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ .ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ.
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺍﶈﻀﺔ ﻓﻸﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ:
ﺑﻞ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ،ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻚ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ)) :ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ
ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ .ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻧﺼﺎﺭﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﻈﻠﻮﻡ .ﺃﻧﺼﺮ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻬﻀﻮﻣﺎ ﺣﻘﻪ ،ﻋﺎﺷﺮ
ﺭﺟﻼ ﺣﺴﻨﺎ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ((.
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ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ" ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﰲ " ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﻗﺴﻤﲔ ،ﳏﻀﺔ) ،ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻲ :ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ،
ﺃﻭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ( ﻭﻏﲑ ﳏﻀﺔ ) ،ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻲ :ﻟﻔﻈﻴﺔ ،ﳎﺎﺯﻳﺔ -ﻭﳍﺎ ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺎﺕ .(-
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ﺝ .ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﲔ ﳘﺎ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻭﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ
ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻳﻠﻲ:
- ١ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ
)ﺃ(
ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻧﻜﺮﺓ ﻭﻳﻌﺮﺏ ﲝﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ .ﻣﺜﻞ :
ﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ )ﺳﻮﺭ :ﻣﺒﺘﺪﺃ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻤﺔ( .ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ
١٧ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺑﻴﻴﲏ ،ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺹ.٢٠٩
١٨ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺣﺴﻦ ،ﺝ ،٣ﺹ -ﺹ .٣- ١
١٣
ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻤﻴﺬ )ﻛﺘﺎﺏ :ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ( .ﻭﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ
ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﻜﺮﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻟﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ .ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ
ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎ )ﺃﻱ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﺸﺒﻬﺔ
ﻓﻴﺠﻮﺯ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ ﺑﺄﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻝ( ﻣﺜﻞ :ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﺔ
ﺍﳉﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ.
)ﺏ( ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺗﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻱ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﺑﻞ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ
ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ :ﻋﻨﺪ -ﻟﺪﻱ -ﺳﻮﻯ -ﻗﺼﺎﺭﻯ -ﺣﻮﺍﱄ -
ﺫﻭ -ﺑﻌﺾ -ﻭﺣﺪ -ﺃﻱ -ﻟﺪﻥ -ﻛﻼﻭﻛﻠﺖ -ﻟﱯ .ﻣﺜﻞ :ﻫﺬﺍ
ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺫﻭﻣﺎﻝ .ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺒﺬﻝ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻗﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺟﻬﺪﻩ ﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻌﺾ
ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺟﲔ .ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ))ﺫﻭ ﻭﻭﺣﺪ ﻭﻗﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ(( ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺖ
ﲨﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺔ .ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ :ﺟﺎﺀﱐ ﻛﻼ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻭﻛﻠﺘﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺗﲔ .
ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ))ﻛﻼ ﻭﻛﻠﺘﺎ(( ﻻ ﺗﻀﺎﻓﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺜﲎ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻛﺎﻥ
ﺍﲰﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺃﻡ ﺿﻤﲑﺍ ﻣﺜﻞ :ﺟﺎﺀﱐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻼﻥ ﻛﻼﳘﺎ
ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺗﺎﻥ ﻛﻠﺘﺎﳘﺎ .ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ :ﻟﺒﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻟﺒﻴﻚ :ﻟﱯ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﺜﲎ
١٤
ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺏ ﺃﺿﻴﻒ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ .ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ))ﻟﺒﻴﻚ(( ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ
ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺍﲡﺎﻫﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻭﻗﺼﺪﻯ ﻭﺇﻗﺒﺎﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺮﻙ.
)ﺝ( ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ :ﻗﺒﻞ -ﺑﻌﺪ -ﻏﲑ -ﺣﺴﺐ -ﺃﻭﻝ -ﺩﻭﻥ -ﺗﻌﺮﺏ ﲝﺴﺐ
ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺔ ،ﻭﺗﺒﲎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻢ
ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ .ﻣﺜﻞ :ﺟﺌﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ -
ﺣﺴﺒﻜﻢ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ -ﻗﺮﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭ ﳍﺎ) .ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺣﺴﺐ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺗﻌﺮﺏ
ﲝﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻷﺎ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺔ( .ﻣﺜﻞ :ﺍﷲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ -
ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺘﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﺍ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ) .ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﺣﺴﺐ ﺑﻨﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻢ ﻷﻥ
ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﳏﺬﻭﻑ(.
)ﺩ ( ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ
ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ
ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ .ﻣﺜﻞ :ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ) .ﺷﺒﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ
ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ :ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ( .ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ
١٥
ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻌﻪ )ﺑﻌﺾ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ:
ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻌﻪ(.
)ھ ( ﲝﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﻥ .ﻣﺜﻞ :ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺷﺎﺭﺩ -ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ
ﺷﺎﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻝ )ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺭﺩ ﻷﻥ ﺃﺿﻴﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻝ (.
ﲢﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺜﲎ ﺃﻭ ﲨﻊ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺳﺎﳌﺎ .ﻣﺜﻞ:
ﺫﻫﺒﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﰐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ )ﻭﺯﺍﺭﰐ ﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺗﲔ(.
١٩
- ٢ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ
ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺍﲰﺎ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺿﻤﲑﺍ
)ﺃ(
ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺿﻴﻔﺖ ﻳﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ ﺃﻟﻒ ،ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻳﺎﺀ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ .
ﻣﺜﻞ :ﺳﻮﻯ :ﺳﻮﺍﻯ -ﻳﺪﺍ :ﻳﺪﺍﻯ ) ﻣﺜﲎ ( ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ
ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻳﺎﺀ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﻳﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺗﺪﻏﻢ ﻭﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﻳﺎﺀ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﺸﺪﺩﺓ.
ﻣﺜﻞ :ﺍﶈﺎﻣﻲ :ﳏﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﲔ :ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻲ) ﲨﻊ (.
١٩ﻓﺆﺍﺩ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ،ﻣﻠﺨﺺ :ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺹ.١٠٢- ٩٩
١٦
)ﺏ( ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇ
ﻛﻮﻛﻮ ﻓﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻤﺒﺎﺩﺍ :ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ )ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﳓﻮﻳﺔ(
ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﻼﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ
ﻳﺪﻝ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﺠﺰ ﻳﻌﺠﺰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﳐﻠﻮﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺗﻮﺍ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ .ﻓﻘﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ
ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﲢﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻻ ﺃﺣﺪﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺏ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻴﺪ.
ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﻈﺎﺭ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ
ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ.
ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ
ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ،ﻓﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ
ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳓﻮﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺁﻳﺎﺎ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺏ .ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ
ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻬﻮ :ﺍﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺑﺎﳋﺼﻮﺹ ﺇﱃ
ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ،ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻣﺼﺪﺭﻩ.
ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲨﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﺔ
ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﻩ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺩﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺒﺘﻪ.
.1ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ
.2ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ
.3ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
.4ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ
.5ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﻭﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺃ .ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺏ .ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺝ .ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
.1ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ
.2ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
ﶈﺔ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺃ .ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ
ﺏ .ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺝ .ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ
ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ
ﺃ .ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ
ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺃ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ
ﺏ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ
ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺃ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﺏ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ
ﺝ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ
.1ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
.2ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ
ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ
ﺃ .ﺟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
.1ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ
.2ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﲡﺮﻳﺪ
ﻛﻮﻛﻮ ﻓﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻤﺒﺎﺩﺍ :ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ )ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﳓﻮﻳﺔ(
ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ
ﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﻼﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﺠﺰ ﻳﻌﺠﺰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ
ﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﳐﻠﻮﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺗﻮﺍ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ .ﻓﻘﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ
ﲢﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻻ ﺃﺣﺪﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻴﺪ.
ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﻈﺎﺭ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ
ﻭﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ.
ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ
ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ
ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ،ﻓﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳓﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺁﻳﺎﺎ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺏ .ﺃﻣﺎ
ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻬﻮ :ﺍﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ
ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺑﺎﳋﺼﻮﺹ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ،ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻫﻮ
ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻣﺼﺪﺭﻩ.
iv
ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲨﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ
ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﻩ ﻗﺴﻢ
ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ.
v
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
.١ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ
.٢ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ
.٣ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
.٤ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ
.٥ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﻭﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ
ﶈﺔ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺃ .ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ
ﺏ .ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺝ .ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺃ .ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺏ .ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺝ .ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
.١ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ
.٢ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ
ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ
ﺃ .ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ
.١ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺃ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ
ﺏ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ
.٢ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ
ﺃ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﺏ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ
ﺝ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ
ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ
.١ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
.٢ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ
ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﲤﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻋﻨﻮﺍﻧﻪ " :ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ )ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﳓﻮﻳﺔ( "
ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ - -ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ،ﰱ ٦ﻳﻮﱏ ٢٠١١ﻣـ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ ٤ﺭﺍﺟﺐ ١٤٣٢ﻫـ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﻗﻠﻮﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻃﺎ
ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰱ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺎ )(S.S.
ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ،٦ﻳﻮﱏ ٢٠١١ﻣـ
٤ﺭﺍﺟﺐ ١٤٣٢ﻫـ
ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ
ﺳﻜﺮﺗﲑ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﻭﻋﻀﻮ
ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﻭﻋﻀﻮ
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺷﻬﻴﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﺮ
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺱ ﺃﺩﺍﻧﺞ ﺃﺳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﺮ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ١٩٧٥٠٦٣٠٢٠٠٣١٢٢٠١ :
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ١٩٥٩٠٥١٠١٩٩١٠٣١٠٠١ :
ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ
ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻑ
ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺶ
ﺣﺴﲏ ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﺍﻟﱪﻭﻓﻴﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﺎﻥ ﺭﺅﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ١٩٤٦٠٥٠٥١٩٧١٠٧١٠٠١ :
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ١٥٠٢٨٨٢٨٦ :
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ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ
ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﹼﺬﻯ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳍﺪﻯ ﻭﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻟﻴﻈﻬﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ
ﻛﻠﹼﻪ ﻭﻛﻔﻰ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺷﻬﻴﺪﺍ .ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﹼﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ،ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ
ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞﹼ ﺷﻴﺊ ﻗﺪﻳﺮ .ﻭﺑﻌﺪ:
ﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻘﻪ ،ﻗﺪ ﲤﹼﺖ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﲢﺖ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ "
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ )ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﳓﻮﻳﺔ( " ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺇﱃ
ﻛﻠﹼﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ
ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰱ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ
ﻭ ﺃﺩﺍﺎ ،ﻭ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ ﳍﺆﻻﺀ
ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻭﻧﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ .ﻭﺃﺧﺺ ﺷﻜﺮﻩ
ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺺ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﺃﱃ:
.١ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﹼﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﻳﻪ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ
ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺎ ﻭﺳﻜﺮﺗﲑﻩ ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺗﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﹼﺬﻳﻦ
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ﺑﺬﻟﻮﺍ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﰱ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ.
.٢ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺣﺴﲏ ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﹼﺬﻱ ﺗﻔﹶﻀﻞ ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ
ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ.
.٣ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ،
ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﹼﺬﻳﻦ
ﺃﺗﺎﺣﻮﺍ ﱃ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﲦﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﹼﱴ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ
ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ.
.٤ﻭ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺴﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺷﻜﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻪ
ﺍﻟﻜﺮﳝﲔ ﺃﺟﻴﻨﺞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﲞﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺃﺩﻯ ﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﹼﺬﻳﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﺎﻩ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ
ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺻﻐﺮﻩ ﻭﺯﻭﺩﺍﻩ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﺼﺮﻩ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻷﻧﻐﻰ
ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺃﻋﻄﺘﻪ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻌﺎ.
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.٥ﻭ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻼﺀ ﺍﻷﻋﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﹼﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭ ﺷﺠﻌﻮﻩ ﰱ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺯﻣﺰﻡ ﻧﻮﺭﻫﺪﻯ ﻭﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺑﻴﺲ.
ﻭ ﺃﺧﲑﺍ ،ﻋﺴﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺰﻳﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﻭ ﻋﺴﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ
ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ
ﻛﻮﻛﻮ ﻓﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻤﺒﺎﺩﺍ
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ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻑ........................................................ﺃ
ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ.............................................................ﺏ
ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ......................................ﺝ
ﲡﺮﻳﺪ........................................................................ﺩ
ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ.................................................................ﻩ
ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.............................................................ﻭ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺃ .ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ١......................................................
ﺏ .ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ٣....................................................
ﺝ .ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ٣.................................................
ix
ﺩ .ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ٤......................................................
ھ .ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ٤...................................................
ﻭ .ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ٤.......................................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ٦..............................................................
ﺃ .ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ٧....................................................
ﺏ .ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ٨....................................................
ﺝ .ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ١٢.................................................
.١ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ١٢............................................................
.٢ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ١٥............................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
ﶈﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ١٧............................................
x
ﺃ .ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ١٨.......................................
ﺏ .ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ١٩.........................................
ﺝ .ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ٢١..............................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ
ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ٢٥.........................
ﺃ .ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ٢٥...........................................
.١ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ٢٥....................................
ﺃ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ٢٥.............................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ٣٩...........................................
.٢ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ٤٩...................................
ﺃ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻴﺔ٤٩.............................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ٦٨............................................
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ﺝ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ٧١...........................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ
ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ
ﺃ .ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ٧٦..........................................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ٧٨.....................................................
ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ٧٩.......................................................
ﺃ .ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ٨٣...................
.١ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ٨٧.............
.٢ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ٩٣...................................
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١
ﺍﻟﺒﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺃ .ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ
ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﺎ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺎ )ﺍﻧﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎﻩ ﻗﺮﺁﻧﺎ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺎ
ﻟﻌﻠﻜﻢ ﺗﻌﻘﻠﻮﻥ( ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ٢:١٢ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ .ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻐﺔ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ
ﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻟﻴﻘﺮﺃ ﻭ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ.
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻌﺠﺰ ،ﺍﳌﱰﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﰎ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ،
ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ،ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ
ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺍﺗﺮ ،ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﺘﻼﻭﺗﻪ ،ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻭﺀ ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ،ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺘﻢ ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ.
١
ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ
ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﱪ ﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻏﺮﺍﺿﻬﻢ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ
ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ .ﻭﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻔﺔ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ
١ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺑﻮﻥ ،ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ،ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ :ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﺎ ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻭ ﲤﺎﺩﺕ .ﺹ ٨
٢
ﻣﻨﺜﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﻬﻢ .ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺼﻤﺔ
ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ .ﻭﻫﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ) ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ،ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺏ،
ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ،ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻊ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﰲ ،ﻭﻗﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ،
ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ،ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺎﺑﺔ ،ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ،ﻭﻣﱳ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ( ﻭﺃﻫﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ )ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ
ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ(.
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ﻓﺎﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺩﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﲎ
ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻘﺘﺮﻥ ﺑﺰﻣﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﺎﹰ ٣.ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ
ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺎ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎ
ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ،ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻝ ،ﻭﻗﻴﻞ
ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺄﺻﻮﻝ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺎ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻭﻓﺴﺎﺩﻩ.
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٢ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲎ ،ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ،ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺑﲑﻭﺕ :ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺕ ،ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ١٩٨٧ﻡ .ﺝ،١
ﺹ٨٠٧
٣ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﲏ ﺩﺣﻼﻥ ،ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ،ﺷﺮﺡ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﺟﺮﻭﻣﻴﺔ ،ﲰﺎﺭﺍﻉ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﻃﻪ
ﻗﻮﺗﺮﺍ ،ﺩﺕ ،ﺹ٥
٤ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳉﺮﺟﺎﱐ ،ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ،ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ،ﺑﲑﻭﺕ :ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ١٩٨٨ ،ﻡ ،ﻁ٣.
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ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﻳﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﻌﻤﻖ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ
ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻟﻺﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﳒﺘﻬﺪ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻤﻖ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ،ﻭﻣﻦ
ﺍﺣﺪﻯ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻤﻘﻬﺎ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺣﺪﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻫﺎ.
ﻭﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ
ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ .ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﻴﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻫﺬﻩ
ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﲢﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ "ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﳓﻮﻳﺔ"
ﺏ .ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ
ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺴﺒﺤﺜﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻬﻲ :
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ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ؟
.٢
ﻣﺎ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ؟
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ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺁﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ؟
ﺝ .ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
.١ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ.
.٢ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﱴ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ .
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.٣ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﱏ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ.
ﺩ .ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ
ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻮﺻﻒ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ .ﻭﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺻﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ
ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ " ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ " ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ :
Pedoman Penulisan Skripsi, Tesis, dan Disertasi UIN Syarif
Hidayatullah Jakarta ٢٠١١
ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ :
PEDOMAN PENULISAN SKRIPSI BAHASA DAN SASTRA ARAB
ھ .ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ
ﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﲝﺎﺛﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ،ﺇﻻ ﺃﺎ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ،ﻭﻫﻲ "ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﳓﻮﻳﺔ ﻭ
ﺑﻼﻏﻴﺔ" ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺗﺮﻳﻮﳒﻐﻮ ﺃﺟﻲ ﺣﺎﻳﺘﻨﻮ
ﻭ .ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
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ﻭﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻗﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﻫﻲ :
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
:ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ :ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ،ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ،
ﺃﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ
:ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ ،ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ،ﻣﻌﺎﱏ
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻬﺎ .
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻧﺰﻭﳍﺎ ﻭﻣﻀﻤﻮﺎ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻊ
:ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ،
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻣﻌﺎﱏ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺁﻳﺎﺎ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ :ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
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ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﺮﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﳉﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ
ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﺎ .ﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺃﺿﺎﻑ ﻳﻀﻴﻒ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﻭﺃﺻﻠﻪ ﺃﺿﻴﻒ ﲢﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻠﺒﺖ ﺃﻟﻔﺎ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻇﻢ ﻣﻦ ،ﺑﺎﺀ
ﺃﻭ ﻭﺍﻭ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺃﺻﻞ.
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ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ:
ﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺇﻥ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ ﺃﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻏﺎﻟﻴﺔ -ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺩﺍﺩ ﺃﺭﺿﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻐﺘﺼﺒﺔ
٥ﺍﺑﻦ ﲪﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺞ ،ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﲪﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ،ﺝ ،١ﺹ.١٩٤
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ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺿﻤﻤﻨﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺣﺐ" ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻦ"
ﻭﻧﺴﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﲔ )ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ( )ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺩﺍﺩ
ﺃﺭﺿﻬﻢ( ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ "ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ".
٦
ﺃ .ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﳓﻮﻩ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ
ﺑﲔ ﺍﲰﲔ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳉﺮ ،ﺗﻮﺟﺐ ﺟﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺃﺑﺪﺍ ،ﳓﻮ) :ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ
ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻤﻴﺬ .ﻟﺒﺴﺖ ﺧﺎﰎ ﻓﻀﺔ .ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﳌﺨﻠﺼﲔ( .ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ .ﻓﺎﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ
ﺇﻟﻴﻪ :ﺍﲰﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺟﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺭ .ﻭﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﳉﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ،
ﻻ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳉﺮ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ.
٧
ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ "ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ،ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ" ﻭﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﻢ
ﺃﻭ ﺿﻤﲑ ﻳﻨﺴﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ .ﻣﺜﻞ :ﺯﺭﺕ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﻙ ) .ﻓﻠﻮ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺯﺭﺕ
٦ﳏﻤﺪ ﲪﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ،ﺹ.٣٦١
٧ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺝ ،١ﺹ -ﺹ.٢٠٦ - ٢٠٥
٨
ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﻭﺳﻜﺘﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﻯ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩﺓ .ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺯﺭﺕ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ
ﺍﻷﲰﺎﻙ ﻋﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ(.
٨
ﺏ .ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ:
- ١ﻓﺎﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ :ﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺃﻭ ﲣﺼﻴﺼﻪ .ﻭﺿﺎﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ
ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻪ .ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺃﺻﻼ:
ﻛﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ،ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺻﻔﺎ ﻭﻣﻀﺎﻓﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻪ :ﻛﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ،
ﻭﻣﺄﻛﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ،ﻭﻣﺸﺮﻢ ﻭﻣﻠﺒﻮﺳﻬﻢ.
٩
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﲪﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ :ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ
ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺎ ﻋﻤﻼ) ﺍﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ _ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ _ ﺻﻔﺔ
ﻣﺸﺒﻬﺔ(.
١٠
٨ﻓﺆﻭﺩ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ،ﺝ ،١ﺹ.٩٨
٩ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺑﻴﻴﲏ ،ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺹ.٢٠٧
١٠ﳏﻤﺪ ﲪﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ،ﺹ.٣٦١
٩
ﻭﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ،ﳓﻮ)) :ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ
ﺳﻌﺪ(( ﻭﲣﺼﻴﺼﻪ ،ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻜﺮﺓ ﳓﻮ)) :ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺟﻞ(( .ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ
ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻣﺘﻮﻏﻼ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ ،ﻓﻼ ﺗﻔﻴﺪﻩ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎ ،ﻭﺫﻟﻚ
ﻣﺜﻞ)) :ﻏﲑ ﻭ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻭﺷﺒﻪ ﻭﻧﻈﲑ(( ،ﳓﻮ)) :ﺟﺎﺀ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻏﲑﻙ ،ﺃﻭ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺳﻠﻢ ،ﺃﻭ
ﺷﺒﻪ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ،ﺃﻭ ﻧﻈﲑ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ(( .ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﺎ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﻜﺮﺓ .ﻭﻟﻮ
ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﳌﺎ ﺟﺎﺯ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﺻﻒ ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺮﺓ ،ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺿﻤﲑ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ
ﺇﱃ ﻧﻜﺮﺓ ،ﻓﻼ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ،ﳓﻮ)) :ﺟﺎﺀﱐ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻩ .ﺭﺏ ﺭﺟﻞ
ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻩ .ﻛﻢ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ(( .ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻲ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ))ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ(( ﻭ ))ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﶈﻀﺔ((.
١١
ﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﺴﺐ ﺍﶈﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ
ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻨﺎ:
ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﺪ ﺷﺎﺏ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ.ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻜﺮﺓ ،ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻨﺎ:
١١ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺑﻴﻴﲏ ،ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺹ.٢٠٨ - ٢٠٧
١٠
-ﻫﺬﻩ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺣﻖ ،ﻭﺗﻠﻚ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺆﻣﻦ.
١٢
ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ" ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ " ﻭﻗﺪ ﲰﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻷﻥ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺎ
ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ،ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺎ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺃﻭ ﲣﺼﻴﺼﻪ .ﻭﲰﻴﺖ
ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ .ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ
ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ .ﻭﲰﻌﺖ ﳏﻀﺔ ﻷﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ
ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ .ﻓﻬﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺘﺮﻯ.
١٣
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﲪﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ :ﻭﺍﳕﺎ ﲰﻴﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ،ﻷﺎ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﺍ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺃﻭ ﲣﺼﻴﺼﻪ.
ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﶈﻀﺔ ،ﺃﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻺﺿﺎﻓﺔ ،ﻓﻼ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ.
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- ٢ﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ :ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻭﻻ ﲣﺼﻴﺼﺔ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ
ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ،ﲝﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ.
ﻭﺿﺎﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ،ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ
١٢ﳏﻤﺪ ﲪﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ،ﺹ.٣٦٢
١٣ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺑﻴﻴﲏ ،ﺹ.٢٠٨
١٤ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ،ﺹ.٣٦٢
١١
ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﺸﺒﻬﺔ ،ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﳍﺎ
ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ،ﳓﻮ )):ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ .ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻈﻠﻮﻡ .ﺃﻧﺼﺮ
ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻬﻀﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﻖ ،ﻋﺎﺷﺮ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺣﺴﻨﺎ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ((.
١٥
ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻼ ) ﺍﺳﻢ
ﻓﺎﻋﻞ -ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ -ﺃﻭ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﺸﺒﻬﺔ(.
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ } :ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺎﻟﻖ ﺍﳊﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻯ
ﳜﺮﺝ ﺍﳊﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﻭﳐﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻲ { ،ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ } :ﺫﻟﻜﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺑﻜﻢ ﻻ
ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﻖ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻓﺎﻋﺒﺪﻭﻩ { ،ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻜﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ
ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎ ﲣﺼﻴﺼﺎ ،ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﲰﻴﺖ ﻟﻔﻈﻴﺔ ﻷﺎ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﺍ ﻟﻔﻈﻴﺎ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﲝﺬﻑ
ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ .ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻏﲑ ﳏﻀﺔ ،ﺃﻱ ﻏﲑ
ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺔ ﻟﻺﺿﺎﻓﺔ ،ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ ،ﻓﺘﻘﻮﻝ ،ﺃﻧﺖ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ.
١٦
ﺃﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ ﻓﻸﻥ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺎ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻓﻘﻂ ،ﻭﻫﻮ
ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻲ ،ﲝﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﻭﻧﻮﱏ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ .ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺎﺯﻳﺔ
١٥ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺑﻴﻴﲏ ،ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺹ.٢٠٨
١٦ﳏﻤﺪ ﲪﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ،ﺹ.٣٦٢
١٢
ﻓﻸﺎ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ .ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ.
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺍﶈﻀﺔ ﻓﻸﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ:
ﺑﻞ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ،ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻚ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ)) :ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ
ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ .ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻧﺼﺎﺭﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﻈﻠﻮﻡ .ﺃﻧﺼﺮ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻬﻀﻮﻣﺎ ﺣﻘﻪ ،ﻋﺎﺷﺮ
ﺭﺟﻼ ﺣﺴﻨﺎ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ((.
١٧
ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ" ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﰲ " ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﻗﺴﻤﲔ ،ﳏﻀﺔ) ،ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻲ :ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ،
ﺃﻭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ( ﻭﻏﲑ ﳏﻀﺔ ) ،ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻲ :ﻟﻔﻈﻴﺔ ،ﳎﺎﺯﻳﺔ -ﻭﳍﺎ ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺎﺕ .(-
١٨
ﺝ .ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﲔ ﳘﺎ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻭﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ
ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻳﻠﻲ:
- ١ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ
)ﺃ(
ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻧﻜﺮﺓ ﻭﻳﻌﺮﺏ ﲝﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ .ﻣﺜﻞ :
ﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ )ﺳﻮﺭ :ﻣﺒﺘﺪﺃ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻤﺔ( .ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ
١٧ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﺑﻴﻴﲏ ،ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺹ.٢٠٩
١٨ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺣﺴﻦ ،ﺝ ،٣ﺹ -ﺹ .٣- ١
١٣
ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻤﻴﺬ )ﻛﺘﺎﺏ :ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ( .ﻭﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ
ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﻜﺮﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻟﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ .ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ
ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎ )ﺃﻱ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﺸﺒﻬﺔ
ﻓﻴﺠﻮﺯ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ ﺑﺄﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻝ( ﻣﺜﻞ :ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﺔ
ﺍﳉﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ.
)ﺏ( ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺗﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻱ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﺑﻞ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ
ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ :ﻋﻨﺪ -ﻟﺪﻱ -ﺳﻮﻯ -ﻗﺼﺎﺭﻯ -ﺣﻮﺍﱄ -
ﺫﻭ -ﺑﻌﺾ -ﻭﺣﺪ -ﺃﻱ -ﻟﺪﻥ -ﻛﻼﻭﻛﻠﺖ -ﻟﱯ .ﻣﺜﻞ :ﻫﺬﺍ
ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺫﻭﻣﺎﻝ .ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺒﺬﻝ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻗﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺟﻬﺪﻩ ﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻌﺾ
ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺟﲔ .ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ))ﺫﻭ ﻭﻭﺣﺪ ﻭﻗﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ(( ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺖ
ﲨﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺔ .ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ :ﺟﺎﺀﱐ ﻛﻼ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻭﻛﻠﺘﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺗﲔ .
ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ))ﻛﻼ ﻭﻛﻠﺘﺎ(( ﻻ ﺗﻀﺎﻓﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺜﲎ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻛﺎﻥ
ﺍﲰﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺃﻡ ﺿﻤﲑﺍ ﻣﺜﻞ :ﺟﺎﺀﱐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻼﻥ ﻛﻼﳘﺎ
ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺗﺎﻥ ﻛﻠﺘﺎﳘﺎ .ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ :ﻟﺒﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻟﺒﻴﻚ :ﻟﱯ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﺜﲎ
١٤
ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺏ ﺃﺿﻴﻒ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ .ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ))ﻟﺒﻴﻚ(( ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ
ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺍﲡﺎﻫﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻭﻗﺼﺪﻯ ﻭﺇﻗﺒﺎﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺮﻙ.
)ﺝ( ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ :ﻗﺒﻞ -ﺑﻌﺪ -ﻏﲑ -ﺣﺴﺐ -ﺃﻭﻝ -ﺩﻭﻥ -ﺗﻌﺮﺏ ﲝﺴﺐ
ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺔ ،ﻭﺗﺒﲎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻢ
ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ .ﻣﺜﻞ :ﺟﺌﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ -
ﺣﺴﺒﻜﻢ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ -ﻗﺮﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭ ﳍﺎ) .ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺣﺴﺐ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﺗﻌﺮﺏ
ﲝﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻷﺎ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺔ( .ﻣﺜﻞ :ﺍﷲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ -
ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺘﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﺍ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ) .ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﺣﺴﺐ ﺑﻨﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻢ ﻷﻥ
ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﳏﺬﻭﻑ(.
)ﺩ ( ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ
ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ
ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ .ﻣﺜﻞ :ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ) .ﺷﺒﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ
ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ :ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ( .ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ
١٥
ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻌﻪ )ﺑﻌﺾ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ:
ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻌﻪ(.
)ھ ( ﲝﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﻥ .ﻣﺜﻞ :ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺷﺎﺭﺩ -ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ
ﺷﺎﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻝ )ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺭﺩ ﻷﻥ ﺃﺿﻴﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻝ (.
ﲢﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺜﲎ ﺃﻭ ﲨﻊ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺳﺎﳌﺎ .ﻣﺜﻞ:
ﺫﻫﺒﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﰐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ )ﻭﺯﺍﺭﰐ ﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺗﲔ(.
١٩
- ٢ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ
ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺍﲰﺎ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺿﻤﲑﺍ
)ﺃ(
ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺿﻴﻔﺖ ﻳﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ ﺃﻟﻒ ،ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻳﺎﺀ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ .
ﻣﺜﻞ :ﺳﻮﻯ :ﺳﻮﺍﻯ -ﻳﺪﺍ :ﻳﺪﺍﻯ ) ﻣﺜﲎ ( ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ
ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻳﺎﺀ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﻳﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺗﺪﻏﻢ ﻭﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﻳﺎﺀ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﺸﺪﺩﺓ.
ﻣﺜﻞ :ﺍﶈﺎﻣﻲ :ﳏﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﲔ :ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻲ) ﲨﻊ (.
١٩ﻓﺆﺍﺩ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ،ﻣﻠﺨﺺ :ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺹ.١٠٢- ٩٩
١٦
)ﺏ( ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇ