CONTENT
CHAPTER ITEM
PAGE
CONFESSION i
DEDICATION iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
ABSTRACT vi
ABSTRAK
vii CONTENT
viii LIST OF TABLE
xiii LIST OF FIGURE
xiv LIST OF SYMBOL, UNIT AND
xvii NOMENCLATURE
LIST OF APPENDIX xix
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background
1 1.1.1
Details of NGV 1
1.1.2 Details of Noise
2 1.2
Problem Statements 4
1.3 Objectives
4 1.4
Scope 4
1.5 Flow Chart
5
CHAPTER ITEM
PAGE
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
7
2.1 Natural Gas Vehicles NGV 7
2.1.1 NGV development
8 2.1.2
Chemical composition 9
2.1.3 Energy content
9 2.1.4
Storage 9
2.1.5 Transport
10 2.1.6
Types of NGV engines 10
2.2 Noise 12
2.2.1 Noise level
13 2.2.2
Noise effect 13
2.2.3 Sources of noise
13 2.2.4
Signal noise 14
2.2.5 Noise measurement
15 2.2.6
Standards of noise measurement 15
2.2.7 Stage of Noise
16 2.2.8
Noise Descriptors 16
2.2.8.1 The n-Percent 17
Exceeded Level, L
n
2.2.8.2 L
10
, L
50
and L
90
18 2.2.8.3 Equivalent Continuous
19 Sound Pressure Level,
L
eq
2.3 Sound Level Meters 20
2.3.1 Standard of Sound Level Meters
20 2.3.2
Types of Sound Level Meters 21
CHAPTER ITEM
PAGE
2.3.3 Exponentially averaging
22 sound level meter
2.3.4 L
AT
or L
eq
: Equivalent 23
continuous sound level 2.3.5
Short L
eq
24 2.3.6
International standards 25
2.3.7 Application of Sound Level
25 Meters
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
26
3.1 Equipments, apparatus and parameter 26
3.1.1 Equipments
27 3.1.2
Apparatus 28
3.1.2.1 Push key Definition
29 on Sound Level Meter
3.1.2.2 Setting for the Sound
31 Level Meter
3.1.3 Parameter
32 3.2 Experimental Procedure
33 3.3 Experimental Data Table
35
CHAPTER 4 ANALYSIS OF RESULT
37
4.1 Sound level test 37
4.2 Formula of calculation for Table 39
4.3 Test Result 39
4.3.1 Data Collection on Noise Level Measurement 40
for Proton Iswara 4.3.1.1
Graph on Noise Level 41
Measurement of NGV for Proton Iswara
4.3.1.2 Graph on Noise Level
42 Measurement of non-NGV
for Proton Iswara 4.3.1.3
Comparison on the Noise 43
level for Proton Iswara 4.3.1.4
Percentage Difference for 44
Proton Iswara 4.3.2
Data Collection on Noise Level Measurement 46
for Proton Wira 4.3.2.1
Graph on Noise Level 47
Measurement of NGV for Proton Wira
4.3.2.2 Graph on Noise Level
48 Measurement of non-NGV for
Proton Wira 4.3.2.3
Comparison on the Noise level 49
for Proton Wira 4.3.2.4
Percentage difference for 50
Proton Wira
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION
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