THE RESEARCH ON LISTENING CONDUCTED BY THE STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
THE RESEARCH ON LISTENING CONDUCTED BY THE STUDENTS
OF ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
Harry Susanto, Urai Salam, Wardah
Teacher Training and Education Faculty English Education Study Program of
Tanjungpura University
Email: [email protected]
Abstract: This research attempts to identify the thesis topics on listening:
particularly it focus on, methods, research focus (teaching technique and media)
and the educational level within the thesis. The appropriate method of this
research is the descriptive method in which it provides information about the
thesis written by English department students. The students’ theses on listening
are selected based on ranging year from 2010 to 2014. The findings shows that (1)
Classroom Action research is the most preferable method (2) 13 studies focused
on teaching media and nine others on teaching technique, two theses without
specific focus and a thesis focused on both. (3) 11 studies conducted in the senior
high, eight were in the junior high and while playgroup, elementary and university
share the exact same number, two theses on each educational level. This research
may help the other students decide other potential methods, focuses and
educational level as their main concerns for their future studies.
Keywords: thesis on listening, research methodologies, focus of research,
educational levels.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tesis dalam menyimak:
metode, fokus penelitian (teknik mengajar dan media) dan tingkat pendidikan di
dalam tesis. Metode yang tepat dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif yang
memberikan informasi tentang kondisi dan peristiwa yang terjadi di masa
sekarang. Tesis dalam menulis dipilih di mulai dari tahun 2010 hingga 2014.
Temuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Penelitian Tindakan Kelas adalah metode yang
paling banyak (2) 13 penelitian difokuskan pada media pengajaran dan sembilan
penelitian pada media pembelajaran, sementara tiga tesis difokuskan pada teknik
mengajar dan teknik penbelajaran, ada dua tesis tanpa fokus pengajaran dan satu
tesis memfokuskan pada teknik dan media pembelajaran (3) 11 penelitian
dilakukan di SMA, delapan berada di SMP, sementara untuk tingkat TK, SD dan
univesitas masing2 terdapat dua tesis. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu
siswa lain memutuskan metode-metode potensial lainnya, teknik dan media
pembelajaran serta tingkat pendidikan karena untuk penelitian lebih lanjut.
Kata Kunci: tesis mendengarkan, metodologi penelitian, fokus penelitian,
dan tingkat pendidikan
1
T
he last requirement in order to finish the Sarjana Degree is thesis writing.
hesis writing is a long essay involving a personal research. Personal research
in the thesis writing has become an essential part of the thesis itself. In other word
the research is needed to be conducted by students, in order to write down their
thesis. The students of the Teacher Training and Education Faculty should
conduct the research in their thesis writing based on the educational research
types.
As the students of English Education Study Program, most of the studies
conducted by the students are focused in the four main skills of English, i.e.
speaking, writing, reading and listening. The students conduct the research based
on their own interest of a particular skill and also based on the problems found
during their teaching practice and the academic environment during their study in
the university.
Based on the writer observation, some students have conducted the research
on listening as their preference to fulfil the requirements for the Sarjana Degree.
The writer then found out several reasons of the students preference to conduct
the research on listening skill. First is because listening is the first language skill
to be acquire, one should listen and comprehend well before they could response
or give accurate feedback to other speaks. Second reason is found from the
experience during the Teaching Practice subject in schools where most of the
apprentice students of English Education Study Program discovered that the
school students were having difficulties in listening skills.
Listening skill is categorized as the receptive skill in English language
teaching because students do not need to produce language to do reading and
listening; the students merely receive and understand the language. But listening
to understand requires more than decoding what is heard. As Lundsteen (in
Literacy Gains: 2008) notes, the crucial difference between hearing and listening
is thinking. As is the case for reading and writing, the complex, active process of
listening requires prior knowledge, attention and intentional cognitive activity
before, during and after listening. So, while listening involves the physiological
activity of hearing, it also involves predicting, hypothesizing, checking, revising,
and generalizing skills (Ronald and Roskelly, in Malkawi: 2010), holding
information in memory, focusing attention, forming images, interpreting,
comparing, and evaluating.
To listen well, listeners must have the ability to decode the message, the
ability to apply a variety of strategies and interactive processes to make meaning,
and the ability to respond to what is said in a variety of ways, depending on the
purpose of the communication. Listening involves listening for thoughts, feelings,
and intentions. Doing so requires active involvement, effort and practice (Shen,
Guizhou, Wichura, Kiattichai, 2007).
But until recently, listening comprehension attracted little attention in both
theory and practice. While three other language skills (i.e., reading, writing and
speaking) received direct instructional attention, teachers often expect students to
develop their listening skills by osmosis and without help. In the osmosis
approach as it is cynically labelled by Mendelsohn in Osada (2004), also known as
the Audiolingua method, it is believed that if students listen to the target language
2
all day, they will improve their listening comprehension skill through the
experience. The fact that listening has been neglected or poorly taught may have
stemmed from the belief that it is a passive skill and that merely exposing students
to the spoken language provides adequate instruction in listening comprehension
(Call in Gilakjani, 2011).
This phenomenon piques the writer’s interest to investigate the students’
studies on listening skill. The writer would like to discover more about the
research on listening skills in the English Education Study Program. A further
investigation is needed to study those research in order to learn about the students
methods and technique applied when they conducted the research on listening
skill. This investigation is expected to be able to give explanation and providing
the data about research on listening for future reference.
Based on the explanation above, the writer is interested in conducting
research to analyse studies on listening skill, the methodologies and focus of the
research, also the educational level where the research were conducted. Here the
writer will analyse the students’ research on listening through: (1) the title of the
research, (2) the methodologies used in the research, (3) the focus of the research,
both approaches used (techniques and media) and the educational level.
Furthermore, this research will be conducted by analysing all students’
theses research in listening of the English Education Study Program during the
period of 2010-2014. The data will be taken from the thesis enlisted in UPT
Perpustakan Tanjungpura University. The writer will use the title, methodologies,
the technique and media used and also the educational level from the data taken to
create a list of researchers on listening skill.
METHODOLOGY
In order to achieve the aim of this research, it is necessary to apply a
suitable method to fulfilling the needs to obtain the information of the data and
variables. This research aimed to investigate the studies listening, so a descriptive
method will be applied in research. This study designed to find out the studies on
listening conducted by the students’ of English Education study program. This
method is appropriate because it can describe or present existing phenomena. The
function of analysis is to describe studies in listening, methodologies, techniques,
media and educational level used in thesis listening.
The data collected in this research focused on the thesis written by the
English students of FKIP Untan within the period 2010-2014. The writer analyzed
the data into into four classifications, they are: method of research, techniques and
media used, and educational level. The subject of this research is the theses
listening from English Education Study Program in the period of 2010-2014 with
total 25 theses.
The Preparation of Research: (1) Submitting the recommendation letter to the
chief of English Language Study Program of FKIP UNTAN Pontianak. (2)
Administering and collecting the data needed from UPT Perpustakaan
Tanjungpura University.
3
The Implementation of the Research: Analysing the data from the observation
sheet (table 1).
The Final Step
a. Analyze the data gathered.
b. Describe the data analysis and give the conclusion as the answer of research
question.
c. Construct the research report.
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Research Findings
The findings of this research is classified into three categories, which are
method of the research, focus of the research (technique, strategy and media) and
the level of study of the research
1. Analysis of the Method Used in the Students’ Thesis on Listening.
The method used in the students’ thesis on listening is shown in the table
below:
Table 1
Method of
No.
Title
Research
1.
Improving Both of Students Listening and Speaking Basic
Classroom
Skills Using Imperactive by Total Physical Response
Action
(TPR) Technique: A Classroom Action Research on
Research
Handayani Playgroup (Kelompok Bermain) Pontianak in
Academic Year 2012/2013
2.
Improving Students' Listening Comprehension of Spoof
Classroom
Text by Using Dictogloss Technique: A Classroom Action
Action
Research to The Eleventh Grade Students of SMA
Research
Muhammadiyah 2 Pontianak in Academic Year 2011/2012
3.
The Use of Animation Video in Improving Students'
Classroom
Listening Comprehension: A Classroom Action Research
Action
to the Grade XI Students of SMAN 1 Sungai Ambawang
Research
in Academic Year 2011/2012
4.
Improving Students’ Listening Skill Through Audio Media
Classroom
Story: A Classroom Action Research at the Eighth Grade
Action
Students of SMP Bina Utama Pontianak in Academic Year
Research
2011/2012
5.
Improving Students' Listening Through Pictures Ordering:
Classroom
A Classroom Action Research on the Fifth Grade Students
Action
of SD Pasifikus Pontianak in Academic Year 2010/2011
Research
6.
The Use of Movies in Improving Students' Ability in
Classroom
Listening : A Classroom Action Research To The Eleventh
Action
Grade Students Class IPA2 of SMAN 1 Sungai
Research
Ambawang In Academic Year 2010/2011
8.
Teaching Listening to Improve Students' Listening Ability
Classroom
Through Story Telling: A Classroom Action Research at
Action
4
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14
15.
16.
17.
18.
Joyful Kindergarten School for Kinder 2 Students In
Research
Academic Year 2011-2012
Improving Students' Listening Skill by Using Audio
Classroom
Recording With Pictures: A Classroom Action Research at
Action
the Eighth Grade Class B Students of SMP LKIA
Research
Pontianak in Academic Year 2011/2012
Developing Students Listening Ability Through Dictation:
Classroom
A Classroom Action Research on the Fifth Grade B
Action
Students of SDN 35 Pontianak in School Year 2009/2010
Research
The Listening Ability of the Students of SMA Kemala
Descriptive
Bhayangkari: an Analysis on the Achievement and
Study
Problems Faced by the Eleventh Grade Students of SMA
Kemala Bhayangkari Kabupaten Kubu Raya in Academic
Year 2010-2011
Factors Influencing Inference Making Difficulty of
Descriptive
Listening Comprehension: A Descriptive Study to The
Study
Language and Art Education Department of Teacher
Training And Education Faculty of Tanjungpura
University Pontianak in the Academic Year 2011/2012
The Use of Language Laboratory in Teaching Listening to
Descriptive
the Eleventh Grade Students of SMAN 3 Singkawang in
Study
Academic Year 2008/2009
Evaluating Samples of Listening Comprehension Material Developmental
Based on Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach for
Research
the Second Semester of the Tenth Grade Students at Senior
High School
Designing Samples of Listening Comprehension Material Developmental
Based on Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach For
Research
The Second Semester of Eleventh Grade Students of SMA
Negeri I Ketapang
Designing Listening Material Samples Based On Developmental
Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach: A
Research
Developmental Study in the Second Semester of the
Eleventh Grade Students of SMA Negeri 5 Pontianak
Teaching Listening by Using Recorded Fable: A PrePreExperimental Research to the Eighth Grade Students of Experimental
SMP Katolik Santo Gabriel Sekadau in Academic Year
2010/2011
Teaching Listening Comprehension on Dialogue Using
PreInformation Transfer Technique: A Pre-Experimental Experimental
Research to the Seventh Grade Students of SMPN 2
Mempawah Hilir in Academic Year 2012/2013)
5
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Increasing Students Listening Comprehension by Using
VOA: Special English Video: A Pre-Experimental
Research at the Eleventh Grade Students Accounting Class
B of SMK Mandiri Pontianak in the Academic Year
2011/2012
Improving Students Listening Comprehension of
Descriptive Text By Using Spotlight Radio Program: A
Pre-Experimental Study on the First Semester of Grade
VIII Students of SMPN 9 Pontianak in the Academic Year
2011/2012
Teaching Listening Through Jazz Chants to the Seventh
Grade Students of SMPN 1 Sekayam Kabupaten Sanggau
in Academic Year 2010/2011
Teaching Listening Skill Through Descriptive Audio: A
Pre-Experimental Study on the Seventh Grade Students of
Madrasah Tsanawiyah Sira Ul Ulum Pontianak in
Academic Year 2010/2011
The Use of Video in Improving Students' Listening
Comprehension: A Pre- Experimental Study to the Third
Semester Students of Regular English Class of English
Department at Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
Tanjungpura University in Academic Year 2009/2010
The Use of Static Audio Visual Media in Teaching
Listening Comprehension: A Pre-Experimental Study to
the Seventh Grade Students of SMPN 3 Pontianak in the
Academic Year 2012/2013
Teaching Listening Comprehension By Using K-W-L
Strategy : A Quasi Experimental Study To The Grade
Students Of SMA St. Petrus Ketapang In Academic Year
2010/2011
PreExperimental
PreExperimental
PreExperimental
PreExperimental
PreExperimental
PreExperimental
QuasiExperimental
Table 1 explains that from 25 theses on listening, there are ten (10) theses
used Classroom Action Research as the methodology, three theses with
descriptive methodology, three other used developmental research as the methods,
eight theses used the Pre-experimental method, and the last used quasiexperimental methods.
And to find the percentage of each methodology used in the students’ thesis
on listening the writer used this formula:
%ES =
∑x
x 100%
𝑁
%ES = the percentage of the each method used in students’ thesis on
listening
∑x = the sum of the thesis with each method specification.
N
= the total of students’ thesis on listening
6
And the percentage method used is as follow:
Research Method
Number of Theses
Percentage
Classroom Action Research
Descriptive Study
Developmental Research
Pre-Experimental
Quasi-Experimental
10
3
3
8
1
40 %
12 %
12 %
32 %
4%
2. Analysis of the Focus of the Research (Technique and Media) used in the
Students’ Thesis on Listening.
The classification of research focus (teaching technique and teaching media)
used in students’ theses on listening is shown in table below:
Table 2
Focus of Research
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Title
Improving Both of Students Listening And
Speaking Basic Skills Using Imperactive by Total
Physical Response (TPR) Technique : A Classroom
Action Research on Handayani Playgroup
(Kelompok Bermain) Pontianak in Academic Year
2012/2013
Improving Students' Listening Comprehension Of
Spoof Text By Using Dictogloss Technique : A
Classroom Action Research To The Eleventh Grade
Students Of SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Pontianak In
Academic Year 2011/2012
The Use Of Animation Video In Improving
Students' Listening Comprehension : A Classroom
Action Research to the Grade XI Students of SMAN
1 Sungai Ambawang in Academic Year 2011/2012
Improving Students; Listening Skill Through Audio
Media Story: a Classroom Action Research at the
Eighth Grade Students of SMP Bina Utama
Pontianak in Academic Year 2011/2012
Improving Students' Listening Through Pictures
Ordering: a Classroom Action Research on the Fifth
Grade Students of SD Pasifikus Pontianak in
Academic Year 2010/2011
The Use of Movies in Improving Students' Ability
in Listening : A Classroom Action Research To The
Eleven Grade Students Class IPA2 Of SMAN 1
Sungai Ambawang In Academic Year 2010/2011
Teaching
Technique
Teaching
Media
Total
Physical
Response
-
Dictogloss
Technique
Spoof Text
-
Animation
Video
-
Audio
Media Story
-
Pictures
-
Movie
7
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Improving Students Listening Comprehension By
Applying Bottom- Up Technique: a Classroom
Action Research at the First Grade Students of SMA
Muhammadiyah Pontianak in Academic year
2011/2012
Teaching Listening To Improve Students' Listening
Ability Through Story Telling: A Classroom Action
Research at Joyful Kindergarten School for Kinder
2 Students In Academic Year 2011-2012
Improving Students' Listening Skill by Using Audio
Recording With Pictures: a Classroom Action
Research at the Eighth Grade Class B Students of
SMP LKIA Pontianak in Academic Year 2011/2012
Developing Students Listening Ability Through
Dictation: A Classroom Action Research on the
Fifth Grade B Students of SDN 35 Pontianak in
School Year 2009/2010
The Listening Ability of the Students of SMA
Kemala Bhayangkari: an Analysis on the
Achievement and Problems Faced by the Eleventh
Grade Students of SMA Kemala Bhayangkari
Kabupaten Kubu Raya in Academic Year 20102011
Factors Influencing Inference Making Difficulty of
Listening Comprehension: A Descriptive Study to
The Language and Art Education Department of
Teacher Training And Education Faculty of
Tanjungpura University Pontianak in the Academic
Year 2011/2012
The Use of Language Laboratory in Teaching
Listening to the Eleventh Grade Students of SMAN
3 Singkawang in Academic Year 2008/2009
Evaluating Samples of Listening Comprehension
Material Based on Contextual Teaching and
Learning Approach for the Second Semester of the
Tenth Grade Students at Senior High School
Designing Samples of Listening Comprehension
Material Based on Contextual Teaching and
Learning Approach For The Second Semester of
Eleventh Grade Students of SMA Negeri I
Ketapang
Bottom Up
Technique
-
Story
Telling
-
-
Audio
Recording
with
Pictures
Dictation
-
-
-
-
-
-
Language
Laboratory
CTL
Approach
-
CTL
Approach
-
-
16.
Designing Listening Material Samples Based On
Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach: a
Developmental study in the Second Semester of the
eleven grade Students of SMA Negeri 5 Pontianak
CTL
Approach
8
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Teaching Listening by Using Recorded Fable: a
Pre-Experimental Research to the Eight Grade
Students of SMP Katolik Santo Gabriel Sekadau in
Academic Year 2010/2011
Teaching Listening Comprehension on Dialogue
Using Information Transfer Technique: A PreExperimental Research to the Seventh Grade
Students of SMPN 2 Mempawah Hilir in Academic
Year 2012/2013
Increasing Students Listening Comprehension by
Using VOA: Special English Video: A PreExperimental Research at the Eleventh Grade
Students Accounting Class B of SMK Mandiri
Pontianak in the Academic Year 2011/2012
Improving Students Listening Comprehension of
Descriptive Text By Using Spotlight Radio
Program: A Pre-Experimental Study on the First
Semester of Grade VIII Students of SMPN 9
Pontianak in the Academic Year 2011/2012
Teaching Listening Through Jazz Chants to the
Seventh Grade Students of SMPN 1 Sekayam
Kabupaten Sanggau in Academic Year 2010/2011
Teaching Listening Skill Through Descriptive
Audio: A Pre-Experimental Study on the Seventh
Grade Students of Madrasyah Tsanawiyah Sira Ul
Ulum Pontianak in Academic Year 2010/2011
The Use of Video in Improving Students' Listening
Comprehension: A Pre- Experimental Study to the
Third Semester Students of Regular English Class
of English Department at Teacher Training and
Education Faculty of Tanjungpura University in
Academic Year 2009/2010
The Use of Static Audio Visual Media in Teaching
Listening Comprehension: A Pre-Experimental
Study to the Seventh Grade Students of SMPN 3
Pontianak in the Academic Year 2012/2013
Teaching Listening Comprehension By Using K-WL Strategy : A Quasi Experimental Study To The
Grade Students Of SMA St. Petrus Ketapang In
Academic Year 2010/2011
-
Recorded
Fable
Information
Transfer
Technique
-
-
Video
-
Spotlight
Radio
Program
-
Jazz Chants
-
Descriptive
Audio
-
Video
-
Static Audio
Visual
K-W-L
Strategy
-
Based on the table 2 above, the writer classified the focus of the
research into technique of the research, media used in the research and
both technique and media used in the research. And to calculate the
percentage the writer used formula as follow:
9
%ES =
∑y
𝑁
x 100%
%ES = the percentage of the each technique and media used in students’
thesis on listening
∑y = the sum of the thesis with each focus of the research specification.
N
= the total of students’ thesis on listening
And the percentage focus of the research is as follow:
Focus of the Research
Have No Technique/Media
Technique
Media
Technique and Media
Number of Theses
2
9
13
1
Percentage
8%
36 %
52 %
4%
3. Analysis of the Educational Level in the Students’ Thesis of Listening.
The educational level of the students’ thesis on listening is shown in table
below:
Table 3
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Title
Teaching Listening To Improve Students' Listening
Ability Through Story Telling: A Classroom Action
Research at Joyful Kindergarten School for Kinder
2 Students In Academic Year 2011-2012
Improving Both of Students Listening And
Speaking Basic Skills Using Imperactive by Total
Physical Response (TPR) Technique : A Classroom
Action Research on Handayani Playgroup
(Kelompok Bermain) Pontianak in Academic Year
2012/2013
Improving Students' Listening Through Pictures
Ordering: a Classroom Action Research on the Fifth
Grade Students of SD Pasifikus Pontianak in
Academic Year 2010/2011
Developing Students Listening Ability Through
Dictation: A Classroom Action Research on the
Fifth Grade B Students of SDN 35 Pontianak in
School Year 2009/2010
Improving Students; Listening Skill Through Audio
Media Story: a Classroom Action Research at the
Eighth Grade Students of SMP Bina Utama
Pontianak in Academic Year 2011/2012
Improving Students' Listening Skill by Using Audio
Educational Level
Play group
Playgroup
Elementary
Elementary
Junior High
Junior High
10
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Recording With Pictures: a Classroom Action
Research at the Eighth Grade Class B Students of
SMP LKIA Pontianak in Academic Year 2011/2012
Teaching Listening by Using Recorded Fable: a
Pre-Experimental Research to the Eight Grade
Students of SMP Katolik Santo Gabriel Sekadau in
Academic Year 2010/2011
Teaching Listening Comprehension on Dialogue
Using Information Transfer Technique( a PreExperimental Research to the Seventh Grade
Students of SMPN 2 Mempawah Hilir in Academic
Year 2012/2013)
Improving Students Listening Comprehension Of
Descriptive Text By Using Spotlight Radio
Program: A Pre-Experimental Study on the First
Semester of Grade VIII Students of SMPN 9
Pontianak in the Academic Year 2011/2012
Teaching Listening Through Jazz Chants to the
Seventh Grade Students of SMPN 1 Sekayam
Kabupaten Sanggau in Academic Year 2010/2011
Teaching Listening Skill Through Descriptive
Audio: A Pre-Experimental Study on the Seventh
Grade Students of Madrasyah Tsanawiyah Sira Ul
Ulum Pontianak in Academic Year 2010/2011
The Use of Static Audio Visual Media in Teaching
Listening Comprehension: A Pre-Experimental
Study to the Seventh Grade Students of SMPN 3
Pontianak in the Academic Year 2012/2013
Improving Students' Listening Comprehension Of
Spoof Text By Using Dictogloss Technique : A
Classroom Action Research To The Eleventh Grade
Students Of SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Pontianak In
Academic Year 2011/2012
The Use Of Animation Video In Improving
Students' Listening Comprehension : A Classroom
Action Research to the Grade XI Students of SMAN
1 Sungai Ambawang in Academic Year 2011/2012
The Use of Movies in Improving Students' Ability
in Listening : A Classroom Action Research To The
Eleven Grade Students Class IPA2 Of SMAN 1
Sungai Ambawang In Academic Year 2010/2011
Improving Students Listening Comprehension By
Applying Bottom- Up Technique: a Classroom
Action Research at the First Grade Students of SMA
Muhammadiyah Pontianak in Academic year
2011/2012
Junior High
Junior High
Junior High
Junior High
Junior High
Junior High
Senior High
Senior High
Senior High
Senior High
11
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
The Listening Ability of the Students of SMA
Kemala Bhayangkari: an Analysis on the
Achievement and Problems Faced by the Eleventh
Grade Students of SMA Kemala Bhayangkari
Kabupaten Kubu Raya in Academic Year 20102011
The Use of Language Laboratory in Teaching
Listening to the Eleventh Grade Students of SMAN
3 Singkawang in Academic Year 2008/2009
Evaluating Samples of Listening Comprehension
Material Based on Contextual Teaching and
Learning Approach for the Second Semester of the
Tenth Grade Students at Senior High School
Designing Samples of Listening Comprehension
Material Based on Contextual Teaching and
Learning Approach For The Second Semester of
Eleventh Grade Students of SMA Negeri I
Ketapang
Designing Listening Material Samples Based On
Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach: a
Developmental study in the Second Semester of the
eleven grade Students of SMA Negeri 5 Pontianak
Increasing Students Listening Comprehension By
Using VOA: Special English Video: A PreExperimental Research at the Eleventh Grade
Students Accounting Class B of SMK Mandiri
Pontianak in the Academic Year 2011/2012
Teaching Listening Comprehension By Using K-WL Strategy : A Quasi Experimental Study To The
Grade Students Of SMA St. Petrus Ketapang In
Academic Year 2010/2011
Factors Influencing Inference Making Difficulty of
Listening Comprehension: A Descriptive Study to
The Language and Art Education Department of
Teacher Training And Education Faculty of
Tanjungpura University Pontianak in the Academic
Year 2011/2012
The Use of Video in Improving Students' Listening
Comprehension: A Pre- Experimental Study to the
Third Semester Students of Regular English Class
of English Department at Teacher Training and
Education Faculty of Tanjungpura University in
Academic Year 2009/2010
Senior High
Senior High
Senior High
Senior High
Senior High
Senior High
Senior High
University
University
Table 3 explain that from 25 total numbers of the students’ thesis on
listening, there are two theses in the playgroup educational level, there are also
12
two theses in the elementary educational level, eight theses in the level of junior
high, eleven theses in the senior high educational level and two others theses in
the university educational level.
To find the percentage of the educational level used is calculated by using
this formula:
∑z
x 100%
%ES =
𝑁
%ES = the percentage of the each educational level in students’ thesis on
listening
∑z = the sum of the thesis with each educational level specification.
N
= the total of students’ thesis on listening
And the percentage of educational level is as follow:
Educational Level
Playgroup
Elementary
Junior High
Senior High
University
Number of Theses
Percentage
2
2
8
11
2
8%
8%
32 %
44 %
8%
Discussion
Through the analysis of data collected above, the writer concluded that the
students’ thesis on writing could be divided into three main elements, first the
method of research, the focus of the research (teaching technique and teaching
media) as the second element and the last element is the level of study.
The first element of students’ thesis writing is the research methodologies,
from the data collected, it is found that there are five kinds research method used
in the thesis writing, which are: classroom action research, descriptive study,
developmental research, pre-experimental study, and quasi-experimental study.
The classroom action research is used as method in 10 theses or about 40% from
the total 25 theses on listening. The second favorable method used in the research
is pre-experimental study; this method is used in eight students’ theses of writing
or about 32% of the total theses. The third method used in the students’ thesis on
listening is the descriptive study, there are three theses used this methodology.
The fourth method is the developmental research; there are also three theses with
this method or about 12 % of the total theses. experimental study. The last
methodology is the quasi-experimental study. This methodology is used in a thesis
only 4% on the total theses. Hence the classroom action research was the most
favorite method used by the students in writing their thesis. It showed that most of
the students try to finding out what works best in the classroom so that they can
improve student learning process.
The second element of students’ thesis writing is the focus of the research
(technique implemented and media used) in the thesis on listening.
13
Here, there are 36% or nine theses implemented the different teaching
technique without the media of teaching as the focus of the research. While there
are 52% or 13 theses used specific media in the teaching learning process without
specific teaching technique. There only one theses which have both teaching
technique and teaching media used in the research. There are also two theses
without specific teaching technique and teaching media, these two theses are
theses with descriptive methodology, where it specifies different case or problems
that occur and found in the classroom.
The last element of students’ thesis of writing is the educational level,
through the data collected; the writer classified five different educational level,
which are playgroup, elementary, junior high, senior high and university. Based
on the table above, most of the students chose senior high level as the favorable
level to conduct the research, there are 11 theses in this educational level or about
44% from the total 25 theses. While only eight theses in the level of junior high
and the other three educational levels shared the same numbers of theses, there are
two theses of each level (playgroup, elementary and university level).
Beside those three elements in the students’ thesis on listening, the writer
also found that in 2010 there are only three theses on listening, these theses used
different methodology, such as Classroom Action Research, descriptive and the
last one used Pre-Experimental Study as the method of the research. While in
2011, the number of students theses on listening were significantly increased,
there are only eight theses about listening, two theses used the Classroom Action
Research, three theses used the pre-experimental study, a thesis used descriptive
study, one other used developmental research, and the last used quasiexperimental study as methodology. In 2012, the numbers of students’ theses
were slightly increased, in this year there are nine theses on listening. The
classroom action research was the most favorable methodology chose by students,
there are six theses with this methodology. The pre-experimental study used by
two theses in this year and the last thesis used descriptive methods. Further in
2013, the number of students’ thesis on listening was significantly decreased. At
this year, there are only five theses on listening with the classification: two theses
used developmental research, two theses used the pre-experimental methodology,
and the last thesis used the classroom action research as the method of research.
For the year 2014, the writer found there is no entry on students’ theses on
listening.
As the finding of this research is to investigate the method and the focus of
the research (technique and media) used in the students’ thesis on listening, it is
discovered that the classroom action research is the most favorable research used
in the students’ thesis on listening. While the focus of the research shows that
most researchers desired to find out what media works best in the classroom so
that they can improve student learning process in order to maximize the students’
achievement. The last advantage from this research is that the writer also
discovers the most preferable educational level is the senior high level.
14
From the 25 total numbers of students thesis on listening, the writer find out
that there are similarities among them, for example there are three theses used the
same methodology and teaching technique, the thesis entitled “Designing
Samples of Listening Comprehension Material Based on Contextual
Teaching and Learning Approach For The Second Semester of Eleventh
Grade Students of SMA Negeri I Ketapang” used the same title thesis with
“Designing Listening Material Samples Based On Contextual Teaching and
Learning Approach: A Developmental s\Study in the Second Semester of the
Eleventh grade Students of SMA Negeri 5 Pontianak”. These two theses were
also published in the same year, in 2013. The difference within these theses is
only in the school location where the writers conduct the research.
While the other one, thesis entitled “Evaluating Samples of Listening
Comprehension Material Based on Contextual Teaching and Learning
Approach for the Second Semester of the Tenth Grade Students at Senior
High School” used the same methodology and teaching technique, this thesis was
published in 2011.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Conclusion
Having completed this research, the writer would like to point out some
conclusions. (1) The total number of the students’ theses on writing from the
period year 2010 until 2014 is 25 theses. (2) The most preferable method of
research used by the students’ in the thesis on listening is the Classroom Action
Research. The Classroom Action Research method used in 10 theses, or about 40
% from the total number of thesis. While the second preferable method is the PreExperimental Study, this method is applied in 8 theses. The third preferable
method is the Descriptive Study and the developmental research where each
method applied in 3 theses. The last method used in students’ thesis on writing is
the Quasi-Experimental method, there are only one theses applied this method. (3)
Based on the students’ research focus, the highest preference is Teaching Media
where more than 52% of the subject of research or 13 students focused their study
in application of media in teaching learning process. While the students who
preferred the technique of teaching as the focus of the research is only 36% or 9
students. And there is a thesis which focus of the research is both on the teaching
technique and the media used in teaching learning process. While there is also two
theses without implemented the teaching technique and teaching media. (4) The
last classification from the students’ thesis on writing is the educational level.
From the analysis data collected, the writer summarized that Senior High
dominated the educational level where there are 11 theses in this educational
level. The second preferable level is the Junior High level; there are eight theses in
this level. While the playgroup, elementary and university share the exact same
number of total theses on listening, two on each educational level.
15
Suggestion
Considering the finding of this research, the writer would like to propose
some suggestions as follows: (1) For the elementary level, teachers could use
story telling or dictation technique to improve students listening comprehension.
For the Junior and Senior high level, teachers could maximize the use of language
lab in school to give the students the experience of listening recorded dialogue or
conversation from native speakers. (2) Based on the students’ preference of
research methodologies, Classroom action research is the most favorable method
used. However, the next students could conduct the research with other methods.
Finally, the writer also wants to give some recommendation for further
research related to this issue, as follows: (1) The present study has investigated
students’ thesis of listening in year range 2010-2014. Therefore, further studies
can conduct similar study but in different preference of English skill; reading,
speaking and writing. (2) As mentioned above, this study has investigated
students’ thesis on listening in English department. However the others language
department could conduct similar research to investigate students’ thesis. (3) This
study may help the other students to decide other potential method, focuses and
educational level as the main concerns for the future studies.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Gilakjani, A.P., M.R. Ahmadi. 2011. A Study of Factors Affecting EFL Learners'
English Listening Comprehension and the Strategies for Improvement.
(online) retrieved March, 17 2014 from : www.academypublication.com/
issues/past/jltr/vol02/05/05.pdf
Literacy GAINS. 2008. Connecting Practice and Research: Listening Guide.
(online) retrieved March, 17, 2014 from www.edugains.ca/resourcesLIT/.../
Improving.../Handout_3_ListeningGuide.pdf.
Osada, Nobuko. (2004) Listening Comprehension Research: A Brief Review for A
Past Thirty Years. (online) retrived March 17 2014 from talkwaseda.net/dialogue/no03_2004/2004dialogue03_k4.pdf
Malkawi, Abeer H. 2010. Listening Comprehension for Tenth Grade Students in
Tabaria High School for Girls. (online) retrieved March, 17 2014 from:
www.academypublication.com/issues/past/jltr/vol01/06/03.pd
Shen, L., Guizhou. G., Wichura, W., Kiattichai, S. 2007. The Use of Websites for
Practicing Listening Skills of Undergraduate Students: A Case Study at
Suranaree University of Technology, (online) retrieved March, 17 2014
from: http://homepage.ntlworld.com/vivian.c/writings/papers.htm
16
OF ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
Harry Susanto, Urai Salam, Wardah
Teacher Training and Education Faculty English Education Study Program of
Tanjungpura University
Email: [email protected]
Abstract: This research attempts to identify the thesis topics on listening:
particularly it focus on, methods, research focus (teaching technique and media)
and the educational level within the thesis. The appropriate method of this
research is the descriptive method in which it provides information about the
thesis written by English department students. The students’ theses on listening
are selected based on ranging year from 2010 to 2014. The findings shows that (1)
Classroom Action research is the most preferable method (2) 13 studies focused
on teaching media and nine others on teaching technique, two theses without
specific focus and a thesis focused on both. (3) 11 studies conducted in the senior
high, eight were in the junior high and while playgroup, elementary and university
share the exact same number, two theses on each educational level. This research
may help the other students decide other potential methods, focuses and
educational level as their main concerns for their future studies.
Keywords: thesis on listening, research methodologies, focus of research,
educational levels.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tesis dalam menyimak:
metode, fokus penelitian (teknik mengajar dan media) dan tingkat pendidikan di
dalam tesis. Metode yang tepat dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif yang
memberikan informasi tentang kondisi dan peristiwa yang terjadi di masa
sekarang. Tesis dalam menulis dipilih di mulai dari tahun 2010 hingga 2014.
Temuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Penelitian Tindakan Kelas adalah metode yang
paling banyak (2) 13 penelitian difokuskan pada media pengajaran dan sembilan
penelitian pada media pembelajaran, sementara tiga tesis difokuskan pada teknik
mengajar dan teknik penbelajaran, ada dua tesis tanpa fokus pengajaran dan satu
tesis memfokuskan pada teknik dan media pembelajaran (3) 11 penelitian
dilakukan di SMA, delapan berada di SMP, sementara untuk tingkat TK, SD dan
univesitas masing2 terdapat dua tesis. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu
siswa lain memutuskan metode-metode potensial lainnya, teknik dan media
pembelajaran serta tingkat pendidikan karena untuk penelitian lebih lanjut.
Kata Kunci: tesis mendengarkan, metodologi penelitian, fokus penelitian,
dan tingkat pendidikan
1
T
he last requirement in order to finish the Sarjana Degree is thesis writing.
hesis writing is a long essay involving a personal research. Personal research
in the thesis writing has become an essential part of the thesis itself. In other word
the research is needed to be conducted by students, in order to write down their
thesis. The students of the Teacher Training and Education Faculty should
conduct the research in their thesis writing based on the educational research
types.
As the students of English Education Study Program, most of the studies
conducted by the students are focused in the four main skills of English, i.e.
speaking, writing, reading and listening. The students conduct the research based
on their own interest of a particular skill and also based on the problems found
during their teaching practice and the academic environment during their study in
the university.
Based on the writer observation, some students have conducted the research
on listening as their preference to fulfil the requirements for the Sarjana Degree.
The writer then found out several reasons of the students preference to conduct
the research on listening skill. First is because listening is the first language skill
to be acquire, one should listen and comprehend well before they could response
or give accurate feedback to other speaks. Second reason is found from the
experience during the Teaching Practice subject in schools where most of the
apprentice students of English Education Study Program discovered that the
school students were having difficulties in listening skills.
Listening skill is categorized as the receptive skill in English language
teaching because students do not need to produce language to do reading and
listening; the students merely receive and understand the language. But listening
to understand requires more than decoding what is heard. As Lundsteen (in
Literacy Gains: 2008) notes, the crucial difference between hearing and listening
is thinking. As is the case for reading and writing, the complex, active process of
listening requires prior knowledge, attention and intentional cognitive activity
before, during and after listening. So, while listening involves the physiological
activity of hearing, it also involves predicting, hypothesizing, checking, revising,
and generalizing skills (Ronald and Roskelly, in Malkawi: 2010), holding
information in memory, focusing attention, forming images, interpreting,
comparing, and evaluating.
To listen well, listeners must have the ability to decode the message, the
ability to apply a variety of strategies and interactive processes to make meaning,
and the ability to respond to what is said in a variety of ways, depending on the
purpose of the communication. Listening involves listening for thoughts, feelings,
and intentions. Doing so requires active involvement, effort and practice (Shen,
Guizhou, Wichura, Kiattichai, 2007).
But until recently, listening comprehension attracted little attention in both
theory and practice. While three other language skills (i.e., reading, writing and
speaking) received direct instructional attention, teachers often expect students to
develop their listening skills by osmosis and without help. In the osmosis
approach as it is cynically labelled by Mendelsohn in Osada (2004), also known as
the Audiolingua method, it is believed that if students listen to the target language
2
all day, they will improve their listening comprehension skill through the
experience. The fact that listening has been neglected or poorly taught may have
stemmed from the belief that it is a passive skill and that merely exposing students
to the spoken language provides adequate instruction in listening comprehension
(Call in Gilakjani, 2011).
This phenomenon piques the writer’s interest to investigate the students’
studies on listening skill. The writer would like to discover more about the
research on listening skills in the English Education Study Program. A further
investigation is needed to study those research in order to learn about the students
methods and technique applied when they conducted the research on listening
skill. This investigation is expected to be able to give explanation and providing
the data about research on listening for future reference.
Based on the explanation above, the writer is interested in conducting
research to analyse studies on listening skill, the methodologies and focus of the
research, also the educational level where the research were conducted. Here the
writer will analyse the students’ research on listening through: (1) the title of the
research, (2) the methodologies used in the research, (3) the focus of the research,
both approaches used (techniques and media) and the educational level.
Furthermore, this research will be conducted by analysing all students’
theses research in listening of the English Education Study Program during the
period of 2010-2014. The data will be taken from the thesis enlisted in UPT
Perpustakan Tanjungpura University. The writer will use the title, methodologies,
the technique and media used and also the educational level from the data taken to
create a list of researchers on listening skill.
METHODOLOGY
In order to achieve the aim of this research, it is necessary to apply a
suitable method to fulfilling the needs to obtain the information of the data and
variables. This research aimed to investigate the studies listening, so a descriptive
method will be applied in research. This study designed to find out the studies on
listening conducted by the students’ of English Education study program. This
method is appropriate because it can describe or present existing phenomena. The
function of analysis is to describe studies in listening, methodologies, techniques,
media and educational level used in thesis listening.
The data collected in this research focused on the thesis written by the
English students of FKIP Untan within the period 2010-2014. The writer analyzed
the data into into four classifications, they are: method of research, techniques and
media used, and educational level. The subject of this research is the theses
listening from English Education Study Program in the period of 2010-2014 with
total 25 theses.
The Preparation of Research: (1) Submitting the recommendation letter to the
chief of English Language Study Program of FKIP UNTAN Pontianak. (2)
Administering and collecting the data needed from UPT Perpustakaan
Tanjungpura University.
3
The Implementation of the Research: Analysing the data from the observation
sheet (table 1).
The Final Step
a. Analyze the data gathered.
b. Describe the data analysis and give the conclusion as the answer of research
question.
c. Construct the research report.
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Research Findings
The findings of this research is classified into three categories, which are
method of the research, focus of the research (technique, strategy and media) and
the level of study of the research
1. Analysis of the Method Used in the Students’ Thesis on Listening.
The method used in the students’ thesis on listening is shown in the table
below:
Table 1
Method of
No.
Title
Research
1.
Improving Both of Students Listening and Speaking Basic
Classroom
Skills Using Imperactive by Total Physical Response
Action
(TPR) Technique: A Classroom Action Research on
Research
Handayani Playgroup (Kelompok Bermain) Pontianak in
Academic Year 2012/2013
2.
Improving Students' Listening Comprehension of Spoof
Classroom
Text by Using Dictogloss Technique: A Classroom Action
Action
Research to The Eleventh Grade Students of SMA
Research
Muhammadiyah 2 Pontianak in Academic Year 2011/2012
3.
The Use of Animation Video in Improving Students'
Classroom
Listening Comprehension: A Classroom Action Research
Action
to the Grade XI Students of SMAN 1 Sungai Ambawang
Research
in Academic Year 2011/2012
4.
Improving Students’ Listening Skill Through Audio Media
Classroom
Story: A Classroom Action Research at the Eighth Grade
Action
Students of SMP Bina Utama Pontianak in Academic Year
Research
2011/2012
5.
Improving Students' Listening Through Pictures Ordering:
Classroom
A Classroom Action Research on the Fifth Grade Students
Action
of SD Pasifikus Pontianak in Academic Year 2010/2011
Research
6.
The Use of Movies in Improving Students' Ability in
Classroom
Listening : A Classroom Action Research To The Eleventh
Action
Grade Students Class IPA2 of SMAN 1 Sungai
Research
Ambawang In Academic Year 2010/2011
8.
Teaching Listening to Improve Students' Listening Ability
Classroom
Through Story Telling: A Classroom Action Research at
Action
4
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14
15.
16.
17.
18.
Joyful Kindergarten School for Kinder 2 Students In
Research
Academic Year 2011-2012
Improving Students' Listening Skill by Using Audio
Classroom
Recording With Pictures: A Classroom Action Research at
Action
the Eighth Grade Class B Students of SMP LKIA
Research
Pontianak in Academic Year 2011/2012
Developing Students Listening Ability Through Dictation:
Classroom
A Classroom Action Research on the Fifth Grade B
Action
Students of SDN 35 Pontianak in School Year 2009/2010
Research
The Listening Ability of the Students of SMA Kemala
Descriptive
Bhayangkari: an Analysis on the Achievement and
Study
Problems Faced by the Eleventh Grade Students of SMA
Kemala Bhayangkari Kabupaten Kubu Raya in Academic
Year 2010-2011
Factors Influencing Inference Making Difficulty of
Descriptive
Listening Comprehension: A Descriptive Study to The
Study
Language and Art Education Department of Teacher
Training And Education Faculty of Tanjungpura
University Pontianak in the Academic Year 2011/2012
The Use of Language Laboratory in Teaching Listening to
Descriptive
the Eleventh Grade Students of SMAN 3 Singkawang in
Study
Academic Year 2008/2009
Evaluating Samples of Listening Comprehension Material Developmental
Based on Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach for
Research
the Second Semester of the Tenth Grade Students at Senior
High School
Designing Samples of Listening Comprehension Material Developmental
Based on Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach For
Research
The Second Semester of Eleventh Grade Students of SMA
Negeri I Ketapang
Designing Listening Material Samples Based On Developmental
Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach: A
Research
Developmental Study in the Second Semester of the
Eleventh Grade Students of SMA Negeri 5 Pontianak
Teaching Listening by Using Recorded Fable: A PrePreExperimental Research to the Eighth Grade Students of Experimental
SMP Katolik Santo Gabriel Sekadau in Academic Year
2010/2011
Teaching Listening Comprehension on Dialogue Using
PreInformation Transfer Technique: A Pre-Experimental Experimental
Research to the Seventh Grade Students of SMPN 2
Mempawah Hilir in Academic Year 2012/2013)
5
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Increasing Students Listening Comprehension by Using
VOA: Special English Video: A Pre-Experimental
Research at the Eleventh Grade Students Accounting Class
B of SMK Mandiri Pontianak in the Academic Year
2011/2012
Improving Students Listening Comprehension of
Descriptive Text By Using Spotlight Radio Program: A
Pre-Experimental Study on the First Semester of Grade
VIII Students of SMPN 9 Pontianak in the Academic Year
2011/2012
Teaching Listening Through Jazz Chants to the Seventh
Grade Students of SMPN 1 Sekayam Kabupaten Sanggau
in Academic Year 2010/2011
Teaching Listening Skill Through Descriptive Audio: A
Pre-Experimental Study on the Seventh Grade Students of
Madrasah Tsanawiyah Sira Ul Ulum Pontianak in
Academic Year 2010/2011
The Use of Video in Improving Students' Listening
Comprehension: A Pre- Experimental Study to the Third
Semester Students of Regular English Class of English
Department at Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
Tanjungpura University in Academic Year 2009/2010
The Use of Static Audio Visual Media in Teaching
Listening Comprehension: A Pre-Experimental Study to
the Seventh Grade Students of SMPN 3 Pontianak in the
Academic Year 2012/2013
Teaching Listening Comprehension By Using K-W-L
Strategy : A Quasi Experimental Study To The Grade
Students Of SMA St. Petrus Ketapang In Academic Year
2010/2011
PreExperimental
PreExperimental
PreExperimental
PreExperimental
PreExperimental
PreExperimental
QuasiExperimental
Table 1 explains that from 25 theses on listening, there are ten (10) theses
used Classroom Action Research as the methodology, three theses with
descriptive methodology, three other used developmental research as the methods,
eight theses used the Pre-experimental method, and the last used quasiexperimental methods.
And to find the percentage of each methodology used in the students’ thesis
on listening the writer used this formula:
%ES =
∑x
x 100%
𝑁
%ES = the percentage of the each method used in students’ thesis on
listening
∑x = the sum of the thesis with each method specification.
N
= the total of students’ thesis on listening
6
And the percentage method used is as follow:
Research Method
Number of Theses
Percentage
Classroom Action Research
Descriptive Study
Developmental Research
Pre-Experimental
Quasi-Experimental
10
3
3
8
1
40 %
12 %
12 %
32 %
4%
2. Analysis of the Focus of the Research (Technique and Media) used in the
Students’ Thesis on Listening.
The classification of research focus (teaching technique and teaching media)
used in students’ theses on listening is shown in table below:
Table 2
Focus of Research
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Title
Improving Both of Students Listening And
Speaking Basic Skills Using Imperactive by Total
Physical Response (TPR) Technique : A Classroom
Action Research on Handayani Playgroup
(Kelompok Bermain) Pontianak in Academic Year
2012/2013
Improving Students' Listening Comprehension Of
Spoof Text By Using Dictogloss Technique : A
Classroom Action Research To The Eleventh Grade
Students Of SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Pontianak In
Academic Year 2011/2012
The Use Of Animation Video In Improving
Students' Listening Comprehension : A Classroom
Action Research to the Grade XI Students of SMAN
1 Sungai Ambawang in Academic Year 2011/2012
Improving Students; Listening Skill Through Audio
Media Story: a Classroom Action Research at the
Eighth Grade Students of SMP Bina Utama
Pontianak in Academic Year 2011/2012
Improving Students' Listening Through Pictures
Ordering: a Classroom Action Research on the Fifth
Grade Students of SD Pasifikus Pontianak in
Academic Year 2010/2011
The Use of Movies in Improving Students' Ability
in Listening : A Classroom Action Research To The
Eleven Grade Students Class IPA2 Of SMAN 1
Sungai Ambawang In Academic Year 2010/2011
Teaching
Technique
Teaching
Media
Total
Physical
Response
-
Dictogloss
Technique
Spoof Text
-
Animation
Video
-
Audio
Media Story
-
Pictures
-
Movie
7
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Improving Students Listening Comprehension By
Applying Bottom- Up Technique: a Classroom
Action Research at the First Grade Students of SMA
Muhammadiyah Pontianak in Academic year
2011/2012
Teaching Listening To Improve Students' Listening
Ability Through Story Telling: A Classroom Action
Research at Joyful Kindergarten School for Kinder
2 Students In Academic Year 2011-2012
Improving Students' Listening Skill by Using Audio
Recording With Pictures: a Classroom Action
Research at the Eighth Grade Class B Students of
SMP LKIA Pontianak in Academic Year 2011/2012
Developing Students Listening Ability Through
Dictation: A Classroom Action Research on the
Fifth Grade B Students of SDN 35 Pontianak in
School Year 2009/2010
The Listening Ability of the Students of SMA
Kemala Bhayangkari: an Analysis on the
Achievement and Problems Faced by the Eleventh
Grade Students of SMA Kemala Bhayangkari
Kabupaten Kubu Raya in Academic Year 20102011
Factors Influencing Inference Making Difficulty of
Listening Comprehension: A Descriptive Study to
The Language and Art Education Department of
Teacher Training And Education Faculty of
Tanjungpura University Pontianak in the Academic
Year 2011/2012
The Use of Language Laboratory in Teaching
Listening to the Eleventh Grade Students of SMAN
3 Singkawang in Academic Year 2008/2009
Evaluating Samples of Listening Comprehension
Material Based on Contextual Teaching and
Learning Approach for the Second Semester of the
Tenth Grade Students at Senior High School
Designing Samples of Listening Comprehension
Material Based on Contextual Teaching and
Learning Approach For The Second Semester of
Eleventh Grade Students of SMA Negeri I
Ketapang
Bottom Up
Technique
-
Story
Telling
-
-
Audio
Recording
with
Pictures
Dictation
-
-
-
-
-
-
Language
Laboratory
CTL
Approach
-
CTL
Approach
-
-
16.
Designing Listening Material Samples Based On
Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach: a
Developmental study in the Second Semester of the
eleven grade Students of SMA Negeri 5 Pontianak
CTL
Approach
8
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Teaching Listening by Using Recorded Fable: a
Pre-Experimental Research to the Eight Grade
Students of SMP Katolik Santo Gabriel Sekadau in
Academic Year 2010/2011
Teaching Listening Comprehension on Dialogue
Using Information Transfer Technique: A PreExperimental Research to the Seventh Grade
Students of SMPN 2 Mempawah Hilir in Academic
Year 2012/2013
Increasing Students Listening Comprehension by
Using VOA: Special English Video: A PreExperimental Research at the Eleventh Grade
Students Accounting Class B of SMK Mandiri
Pontianak in the Academic Year 2011/2012
Improving Students Listening Comprehension of
Descriptive Text By Using Spotlight Radio
Program: A Pre-Experimental Study on the First
Semester of Grade VIII Students of SMPN 9
Pontianak in the Academic Year 2011/2012
Teaching Listening Through Jazz Chants to the
Seventh Grade Students of SMPN 1 Sekayam
Kabupaten Sanggau in Academic Year 2010/2011
Teaching Listening Skill Through Descriptive
Audio: A Pre-Experimental Study on the Seventh
Grade Students of Madrasyah Tsanawiyah Sira Ul
Ulum Pontianak in Academic Year 2010/2011
The Use of Video in Improving Students' Listening
Comprehension: A Pre- Experimental Study to the
Third Semester Students of Regular English Class
of English Department at Teacher Training and
Education Faculty of Tanjungpura University in
Academic Year 2009/2010
The Use of Static Audio Visual Media in Teaching
Listening Comprehension: A Pre-Experimental
Study to the Seventh Grade Students of SMPN 3
Pontianak in the Academic Year 2012/2013
Teaching Listening Comprehension By Using K-WL Strategy : A Quasi Experimental Study To The
Grade Students Of SMA St. Petrus Ketapang In
Academic Year 2010/2011
-
Recorded
Fable
Information
Transfer
Technique
-
-
Video
-
Spotlight
Radio
Program
-
Jazz Chants
-
Descriptive
Audio
-
Video
-
Static Audio
Visual
K-W-L
Strategy
-
Based on the table 2 above, the writer classified the focus of the
research into technique of the research, media used in the research and
both technique and media used in the research. And to calculate the
percentage the writer used formula as follow:
9
%ES =
∑y
𝑁
x 100%
%ES = the percentage of the each technique and media used in students’
thesis on listening
∑y = the sum of the thesis with each focus of the research specification.
N
= the total of students’ thesis on listening
And the percentage focus of the research is as follow:
Focus of the Research
Have No Technique/Media
Technique
Media
Technique and Media
Number of Theses
2
9
13
1
Percentage
8%
36 %
52 %
4%
3. Analysis of the Educational Level in the Students’ Thesis of Listening.
The educational level of the students’ thesis on listening is shown in table
below:
Table 3
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Title
Teaching Listening To Improve Students' Listening
Ability Through Story Telling: A Classroom Action
Research at Joyful Kindergarten School for Kinder
2 Students In Academic Year 2011-2012
Improving Both of Students Listening And
Speaking Basic Skills Using Imperactive by Total
Physical Response (TPR) Technique : A Classroom
Action Research on Handayani Playgroup
(Kelompok Bermain) Pontianak in Academic Year
2012/2013
Improving Students' Listening Through Pictures
Ordering: a Classroom Action Research on the Fifth
Grade Students of SD Pasifikus Pontianak in
Academic Year 2010/2011
Developing Students Listening Ability Through
Dictation: A Classroom Action Research on the
Fifth Grade B Students of SDN 35 Pontianak in
School Year 2009/2010
Improving Students; Listening Skill Through Audio
Media Story: a Classroom Action Research at the
Eighth Grade Students of SMP Bina Utama
Pontianak in Academic Year 2011/2012
Improving Students' Listening Skill by Using Audio
Educational Level
Play group
Playgroup
Elementary
Elementary
Junior High
Junior High
10
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Recording With Pictures: a Classroom Action
Research at the Eighth Grade Class B Students of
SMP LKIA Pontianak in Academic Year 2011/2012
Teaching Listening by Using Recorded Fable: a
Pre-Experimental Research to the Eight Grade
Students of SMP Katolik Santo Gabriel Sekadau in
Academic Year 2010/2011
Teaching Listening Comprehension on Dialogue
Using Information Transfer Technique( a PreExperimental Research to the Seventh Grade
Students of SMPN 2 Mempawah Hilir in Academic
Year 2012/2013)
Improving Students Listening Comprehension Of
Descriptive Text By Using Spotlight Radio
Program: A Pre-Experimental Study on the First
Semester of Grade VIII Students of SMPN 9
Pontianak in the Academic Year 2011/2012
Teaching Listening Through Jazz Chants to the
Seventh Grade Students of SMPN 1 Sekayam
Kabupaten Sanggau in Academic Year 2010/2011
Teaching Listening Skill Through Descriptive
Audio: A Pre-Experimental Study on the Seventh
Grade Students of Madrasyah Tsanawiyah Sira Ul
Ulum Pontianak in Academic Year 2010/2011
The Use of Static Audio Visual Media in Teaching
Listening Comprehension: A Pre-Experimental
Study to the Seventh Grade Students of SMPN 3
Pontianak in the Academic Year 2012/2013
Improving Students' Listening Comprehension Of
Spoof Text By Using Dictogloss Technique : A
Classroom Action Research To The Eleventh Grade
Students Of SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Pontianak In
Academic Year 2011/2012
The Use Of Animation Video In Improving
Students' Listening Comprehension : A Classroom
Action Research to the Grade XI Students of SMAN
1 Sungai Ambawang in Academic Year 2011/2012
The Use of Movies in Improving Students' Ability
in Listening : A Classroom Action Research To The
Eleven Grade Students Class IPA2 Of SMAN 1
Sungai Ambawang In Academic Year 2010/2011
Improving Students Listening Comprehension By
Applying Bottom- Up Technique: a Classroom
Action Research at the First Grade Students of SMA
Muhammadiyah Pontianak in Academic year
2011/2012
Junior High
Junior High
Junior High
Junior High
Junior High
Junior High
Senior High
Senior High
Senior High
Senior High
11
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
The Listening Ability of the Students of SMA
Kemala Bhayangkari: an Analysis on the
Achievement and Problems Faced by the Eleventh
Grade Students of SMA Kemala Bhayangkari
Kabupaten Kubu Raya in Academic Year 20102011
The Use of Language Laboratory in Teaching
Listening to the Eleventh Grade Students of SMAN
3 Singkawang in Academic Year 2008/2009
Evaluating Samples of Listening Comprehension
Material Based on Contextual Teaching and
Learning Approach for the Second Semester of the
Tenth Grade Students at Senior High School
Designing Samples of Listening Comprehension
Material Based on Contextual Teaching and
Learning Approach For The Second Semester of
Eleventh Grade Students of SMA Negeri I
Ketapang
Designing Listening Material Samples Based On
Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach: a
Developmental study in the Second Semester of the
eleven grade Students of SMA Negeri 5 Pontianak
Increasing Students Listening Comprehension By
Using VOA: Special English Video: A PreExperimental Research at the Eleventh Grade
Students Accounting Class B of SMK Mandiri
Pontianak in the Academic Year 2011/2012
Teaching Listening Comprehension By Using K-WL Strategy : A Quasi Experimental Study To The
Grade Students Of SMA St. Petrus Ketapang In
Academic Year 2010/2011
Factors Influencing Inference Making Difficulty of
Listening Comprehension: A Descriptive Study to
The Language and Art Education Department of
Teacher Training And Education Faculty of
Tanjungpura University Pontianak in the Academic
Year 2011/2012
The Use of Video in Improving Students' Listening
Comprehension: A Pre- Experimental Study to the
Third Semester Students of Regular English Class
of English Department at Teacher Training and
Education Faculty of Tanjungpura University in
Academic Year 2009/2010
Senior High
Senior High
Senior High
Senior High
Senior High
Senior High
Senior High
University
University
Table 3 explain that from 25 total numbers of the students’ thesis on
listening, there are two theses in the playgroup educational level, there are also
12
two theses in the elementary educational level, eight theses in the level of junior
high, eleven theses in the senior high educational level and two others theses in
the university educational level.
To find the percentage of the educational level used is calculated by using
this formula:
∑z
x 100%
%ES =
𝑁
%ES = the percentage of the each educational level in students’ thesis on
listening
∑z = the sum of the thesis with each educational level specification.
N
= the total of students’ thesis on listening
And the percentage of educational level is as follow:
Educational Level
Playgroup
Elementary
Junior High
Senior High
University
Number of Theses
Percentage
2
2
8
11
2
8%
8%
32 %
44 %
8%
Discussion
Through the analysis of data collected above, the writer concluded that the
students’ thesis on writing could be divided into three main elements, first the
method of research, the focus of the research (teaching technique and teaching
media) as the second element and the last element is the level of study.
The first element of students’ thesis writing is the research methodologies,
from the data collected, it is found that there are five kinds research method used
in the thesis writing, which are: classroom action research, descriptive study,
developmental research, pre-experimental study, and quasi-experimental study.
The classroom action research is used as method in 10 theses or about 40% from
the total 25 theses on listening. The second favorable method used in the research
is pre-experimental study; this method is used in eight students’ theses of writing
or about 32% of the total theses. The third method used in the students’ thesis on
listening is the descriptive study, there are three theses used this methodology.
The fourth method is the developmental research; there are also three theses with
this method or about 12 % of the total theses. experimental study. The last
methodology is the quasi-experimental study. This methodology is used in a thesis
only 4% on the total theses. Hence the classroom action research was the most
favorite method used by the students in writing their thesis. It showed that most of
the students try to finding out what works best in the classroom so that they can
improve student learning process.
The second element of students’ thesis writing is the focus of the research
(technique implemented and media used) in the thesis on listening.
13
Here, there are 36% or nine theses implemented the different teaching
technique without the media of teaching as the focus of the research. While there
are 52% or 13 theses used specific media in the teaching learning process without
specific teaching technique. There only one theses which have both teaching
technique and teaching media used in the research. There are also two theses
without specific teaching technique and teaching media, these two theses are
theses with descriptive methodology, where it specifies different case or problems
that occur and found in the classroom.
The last element of students’ thesis of writing is the educational level,
through the data collected; the writer classified five different educational level,
which are playgroup, elementary, junior high, senior high and university. Based
on the table above, most of the students chose senior high level as the favorable
level to conduct the research, there are 11 theses in this educational level or about
44% from the total 25 theses. While only eight theses in the level of junior high
and the other three educational levels shared the same numbers of theses, there are
two theses of each level (playgroup, elementary and university level).
Beside those three elements in the students’ thesis on listening, the writer
also found that in 2010 there are only three theses on listening, these theses used
different methodology, such as Classroom Action Research, descriptive and the
last one used Pre-Experimental Study as the method of the research. While in
2011, the number of students theses on listening were significantly increased,
there are only eight theses about listening, two theses used the Classroom Action
Research, three theses used the pre-experimental study, a thesis used descriptive
study, one other used developmental research, and the last used quasiexperimental study as methodology. In 2012, the numbers of students’ theses
were slightly increased, in this year there are nine theses on listening. The
classroom action research was the most favorable methodology chose by students,
there are six theses with this methodology. The pre-experimental study used by
two theses in this year and the last thesis used descriptive methods. Further in
2013, the number of students’ thesis on listening was significantly decreased. At
this year, there are only five theses on listening with the classification: two theses
used developmental research, two theses used the pre-experimental methodology,
and the last thesis used the classroom action research as the method of research.
For the year 2014, the writer found there is no entry on students’ theses on
listening.
As the finding of this research is to investigate the method and the focus of
the research (technique and media) used in the students’ thesis on listening, it is
discovered that the classroom action research is the most favorable research used
in the students’ thesis on listening. While the focus of the research shows that
most researchers desired to find out what media works best in the classroom so
that they can improve student learning process in order to maximize the students’
achievement. The last advantage from this research is that the writer also
discovers the most preferable educational level is the senior high level.
14
From the 25 total numbers of students thesis on listening, the writer find out
that there are similarities among them, for example there are three theses used the
same methodology and teaching technique, the thesis entitled “Designing
Samples of Listening Comprehension Material Based on Contextual
Teaching and Learning Approach For The Second Semester of Eleventh
Grade Students of SMA Negeri I Ketapang” used the same title thesis with
“Designing Listening Material Samples Based On Contextual Teaching and
Learning Approach: A Developmental s\Study in the Second Semester of the
Eleventh grade Students of SMA Negeri 5 Pontianak”. These two theses were
also published in the same year, in 2013. The difference within these theses is
only in the school location where the writers conduct the research.
While the other one, thesis entitled “Evaluating Samples of Listening
Comprehension Material Based on Contextual Teaching and Learning
Approach for the Second Semester of the Tenth Grade Students at Senior
High School” used the same methodology and teaching technique, this thesis was
published in 2011.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Conclusion
Having completed this research, the writer would like to point out some
conclusions. (1) The total number of the students’ theses on writing from the
period year 2010 until 2014 is 25 theses. (2) The most preferable method of
research used by the students’ in the thesis on listening is the Classroom Action
Research. The Classroom Action Research method used in 10 theses, or about 40
% from the total number of thesis. While the second preferable method is the PreExperimental Study, this method is applied in 8 theses. The third preferable
method is the Descriptive Study and the developmental research where each
method applied in 3 theses. The last method used in students’ thesis on writing is
the Quasi-Experimental method, there are only one theses applied this method. (3)
Based on the students’ research focus, the highest preference is Teaching Media
where more than 52% of the subject of research or 13 students focused their study
in application of media in teaching learning process. While the students who
preferred the technique of teaching as the focus of the research is only 36% or 9
students. And there is a thesis which focus of the research is both on the teaching
technique and the media used in teaching learning process. While there is also two
theses without implemented the teaching technique and teaching media. (4) The
last classification from the students’ thesis on writing is the educational level.
From the analysis data collected, the writer summarized that Senior High
dominated the educational level where there are 11 theses in this educational
level. The second preferable level is the Junior High level; there are eight theses in
this level. While the playgroup, elementary and university share the exact same
number of total theses on listening, two on each educational level.
15
Suggestion
Considering the finding of this research, the writer would like to propose
some suggestions as follows: (1) For the elementary level, teachers could use
story telling or dictation technique to improve students listening comprehension.
For the Junior and Senior high level, teachers could maximize the use of language
lab in school to give the students the experience of listening recorded dialogue or
conversation from native speakers. (2) Based on the students’ preference of
research methodologies, Classroom action research is the most favorable method
used. However, the next students could conduct the research with other methods.
Finally, the writer also wants to give some recommendation for further
research related to this issue, as follows: (1) The present study has investigated
students’ thesis of listening in year range 2010-2014. Therefore, further studies
can conduct similar study but in different preference of English skill; reading,
speaking and writing. (2) As mentioned above, this study has investigated
students’ thesis on listening in English department. However the others language
department could conduct similar research to investigate students’ thesis. (3) This
study may help the other students to decide other potential method, focuses and
educational level as the main concerns for the future studies.
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English Listening Comprehension and the Strategies for Improvement.
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Literacy GAINS. 2008. Connecting Practice and Research: Listening Guide.
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Improving.../Handout_3_ListeningGuide.pdf.
Osada, Nobuko. (2004) Listening Comprehension Research: A Brief Review for A
Past Thirty Years. (online) retrived March 17 2014 from talkwaseda.net/dialogue/no03_2004/2004dialogue03_k4.pdf
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