oxygen we need to breathe. At local neighborhood level, trees also bring important environmental benefits. They offer shade and shelter, which in turn
reduces the amount of energy needed to heat and cool nearby buildings; at the same time, they also remove other impurities from the air we breathe.
Urban trees are especially important because for many people they provide the
only daily contact with the natural world. What’s more, urban trees also provide a home for birds, small animals and butterflies. 34 ____ the trees we could lose
the pleasure of seeing these creatures in our cities. Unfortunately, 35 ___, trees in cities are now coming under threat. There is a limit to the level of pollution
they can put up with and, down at the street level, their roots are being seriously disturbed by the digging needed to make way for modern telephone, television
and other cables.
Question 31: A. dating B. aging C. growing D. stretching
Question 32: A. range B. size
C. scale D. area Question 33: A. in B. away
C. up D. out Question 34: A. Within
B. Beyond C. Without D. above Question 35: A. therefore B. however C. despite D. whilst
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction has increased. Bengal
tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become
extinct. What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to
some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the
problem of extinction. Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world’s ecosystem. International
laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival – and the survival of our planet.
Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated
large amounts of land to animal reserves. They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend
on world organizations for support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals. Another solution that is an
attempt to stem the tide of animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This has had some effect, but it will
not, by itself, prevent animals from being hunted and killed.
Question 36: What is the main topic of the passage? A. Endangered species
B. Problems with industrialization C. The Bengal tiger
D. International boycotts Question 37: The word “callousness” could be best replaced by which of the
following?
A. incompetence B. indirectness C. insensitivity
D.
independence
Question 38: The passage is divided into two paragraphs in order to contrast
_______.
A. a comparison and a contrast B. a problem and a
solution
C. a statement and an illustration D.specificand
general
information Question 39: What does the word “this” in the first paragraph refer to in the
passage?
A. Bengal tiger B. Interest in material gain
C. Killing animals for personal satisfaction D. The decrease in the Bengal tiger population Question 40: The word “defray” is closest in meaning to which of
the following?
A. make a payment on B. raise C. lower
D. make
an investment toward
Question 41: The author uses the phrase “stem the tide” in the second paragraph to mean _______.
A. touch B.stop C. tax D. save Question 42: Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude?
A. indifferent B. forgiving C. concerned D. surprised Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
RACES AND THEIR GENETIC DIFFERENCES Genetics is the study of hereditary characteristics that are passed down from
one generation of living organisms to another. Although farmers have used selective breeding to improve the resilience of crops and animals, it wasnt until
the mid-1800s that Gregor Mendel started the science of genetics as we know it today. Following Mendels methods, scientists have discovered chromosomes
and DNA. With the ability to study DNA, scientists were able to study the genetic differences between races.
Modern genetics discovered that all humans are descendants of Mitochondrial Eve, a woman who lived over 150,000 years ago in Africa. Since the first
humans were born, over 75,000 generations have passed, and many subtle differences are now evident. Humans share at least 99 of their genetic
makeup. A 1 difference may not seem like much, but when you consider that a chimpanzee shares 98 of human genes, you realize how much a 1 difference
makes
Africans are more closely related to Europeans than any other two groups, despite the fact that they differ so much in appearance. The biggest genetic
differences are found between Africans and the native populations of North America 22. However, it is essential to note that the genetic differences
between people of the same race are much greater than the differences between people of different races. This means that the argument which claims that
genetic differences make one race superior to another is nothing but a tall story.
The differences in various populations may also be the result of circumstances rather than genetic makeup. Factors such as climate, diet, health care,
education, and employment as well as other socioeconomic factors are all influential. However, there are some traits which are genetic; for example, there
is a much higher incidence of sickle- cell anemia among black populations than any other population group. Adult African-Americans and Latinos have twice as
many cases of diabetes than Caucasians. In the U.S., Latinos suffer more deaths
from liver disease than other races. Europeans suffer more from heart disease and cancer.
Genes not only affect our susceptibility to disease, they also affect our physical attributes. The Dinka people from the Sudan are considered to be the tallest
people with men having an average height of 6ft 3in., while women hit the big time with an impressive 5ft 3in. This contrasts sharply with the Pygmy tribes
who get the short end of the stick at only about 4ft 11in tall.
Genetic differences may help us to tailor health services to people of different races or to detect life threatening diseases early. However, they are not
significant enough to support the claim that one race is superior to another. In fact, our modern scientific understanding of human genetic diversity flies in the
face of almost all our social stereotypes.
Question 43: What is genetics? A. The study of old people B. The study of muscles in your body
C. The study of inherited characteristics D. The study of human’s characteristics Question 44: Why do farmers practice selective farming?
A. To make animals and crops more resilient B. They only want to grow one crop
