T LING 1201543 Table of content
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN.....................................................................................i
PERNYATAAN .....................................................................................................ii
KATA PENGANTAR ...........................................................................................iii
ABSTRAK..............................................................................................................iv
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................v
DAFTAR ISI .........................................................................................................vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................vii
DAFTAR TABEL................................................................................................viii
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang penelitian...........................................................1
1.2 .. Identifikasi dan Rumusan masalah.............................................7
1.2.1 Identifikasi Masalah .........................................................7
1.2.2 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................7
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian........................................................................8
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian......................................................................8
1.5 Sistematika Penulisan.................................................................8
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Representasi .............................................................................10
2.2 Modalitas ( Modality).................................................................14
2.2.1 Konsep Modalitas ..........................................................14
2.2.2 Modalitas linguistik .......................................................15
2.2.3 Modalitas Visual ...........................................................17
2.3
Multimodalitas (Multimodality) ..............................................19
2.4
Metafungsi Bahasa dalam komunikasi Visual (Gambar) ........21
2.4.1 Metafungsi Ideasional/Representasional .......................22
Al’aeni Almardiah, 2016
REPRESENTASI ISU BUD AYA D ALAM KARTUN “RACHMAD I”
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.4.2 Metafungsi Interpersonal/Interaksi................................24
2.4.3 Metafungsi Tekstual/Komposisional .............................25
2.5
Tata Bahasa Fungsional Sistemik (Systemic Functional
Grammar ) ...............................................................................26
2.5.1 Makna Ideasional (Ideational Meaning ) ...........27
2.5.2 Makna Interpersonal ( Interpersonal Meaning ) .28
2.5.3 Makna Tekstual (Textual Meaning)...................28
2.6
Transitivitas (Transitivity) .......................................................29
2.6.1.1 Proses (Process)..............................................29
2.6.1.2 Partisipan (Participants) .................................31
2.6.1.3 Sirkumstan (Circumstance) ............................32
2.7
Kartun .....................................................................................33
2.7.1 Kartun Politik/Editorial .................................................35
2.7.2 Sejarah Perkembangan Kartun Politik/Editorial ...........38
2.7.3 Jenis-Jenis Kartun..........................................................36
2.7.3.1 Kartun Humor ...................................................36
2.7.3.2 Kartun Editorial.................................................37
2.7.3.3 Kartun Karikatur ...............................................38
2.7.3.4 Kartun Komik ...................................................39
2.7.3.5 Kartun Animasi .................................................40
2.8
Relasi antara Verbal dan Visual dalam Kartun ‘Rachmadi’ ...40
2.9
Budaya .....................................................................................41
2.9.1 Tingkat Budaya dan Fungsi Budaya..............................41
2.9.2 Budaya Politik ...............................................................43
2.9.3 Komponen-komponen Budaya Politik ..........................46
2.9.4 Tipe-tipe Budaya politik ................................................46
2.9.5 Budaya politik yang Berkembang di Indonesia.............49
2.10 Penelitian Terkait.....................................................................51
Al’aeni Almardiah, 2016
REPRESENTASI ISU BUD AYA D ALAM KARTUN “RACHMAD I”
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
3.1
Jenis Penelitian ........................................................................53
3.2
Definisi Operasional ................................................................54
3.3
Subjek Penelitian .....................................................................54
3.4
Teknik Pengumpulan Data ......................................................55
3.5
Teknik Analisis Data ...............................................................55
BAB IV ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.1
Deskripsi Data ........................................................................57
4.2
Isu Budaya dalam Kartun ‘Rachmadi’ ...................................58
4.2.1 Isu Budaya Politik Parokial ..........................................58
4.2.2 Isu Budaya Politik Kaula/Subjek..................................61
4.2.3 Isu Budaya Politik Partisipan .......................................65
4.3
Analisis Representasi Visual & Verbal dan Relasinya............67
4.3.1 Analisis Data 1 .............................................................67
4.3.1.1 Representasi Visual ........................................67
4.3.1.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas ..................68
4.3.1.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal .............69
4.3.2
Analisis Data 2 ............................................................69
4.3.2.1 Representasi Visual .........................................69
4.3.2.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas ...................70
4.3.2.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ..............71
4.3.3 Analisis Data 3 .............................................................72
4.3.3.1 Representasi Visual .........................................72
4.3.3.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas ...................72
4.3.3.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ..............73
4.3.4 Analisis Data 4 ...............................................................74
4.3.4.1 Representasi Visual .........................................74
4.3.4.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas ...................75
Al’aeni Almardiah, 2016
REPRESENTASI ISU BUD AYA D ALAM KARTUN “RACHMAD I”
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.3.4.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ..............76
4.3.5 Analisis Data 5 ..............................................................76
4.3.5.1 Representasi Visual .........................................76
4.3.5.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas ...................77
4.3.5.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ..............78
4.3.6 Analisis Data 6 ..............................................................78
4.3.6.1 Representasi Visual .........................................78
4.3.6.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas ...................79
4.3.6.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ..............80
4.3.7 Analisis Data 7 ...............................................................81
4.3.7.1 Representasi Visual .........................................81
4.3.7.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas ...................81
4.3.7.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ..............82
4.3.8 Analisis Data 8 ..............................................................82
4.3.8.1 Representasi Visual ........................................82
4.3.8.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas ...................83
4.3.8.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ..............84
4.3.9 Analisis Data 9 ..............................................................84
4.3.9.1 Representasi Visual ........................................84
4.3.9.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas ..................85
4.3.9.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal .............86
4.3.10 Analisis Data 10 ..........................................................87
4.3.10.1 Representasi Visual .......................................87
4.3.10.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas .................88
4.3.10.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ............89
4.3.11 Analisis Data 11 ...........................................................89
4.3.11.1 Representasi Visual .......................................89
4.3.11.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas .................90
4.3.11.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ............91
Al’aeni Almardiah, 2016
REPRESENTASI ISU BUD AYA D ALAM KARTUN “RACHMAD I”
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.3.12 Analisis Data 12 ...........................................................91
4.3.12.1 Representasi Visual .......................................91
4.3.12.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas .................92
4.3.12.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ............92
4.3.13 Analisis Data 13 ..........................................................93
4.3.13.1 Representasi Visual .......................................93
4.3.13.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas .................94
4.3.13.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ............94
4.3.14 Analisis Data 14 ..........................................................94
4.3.14.1 Representasi Visual .......................................94
4.3.14.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas .................95
4.3.14.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ............96
4.3.15 Analisis Data 15 ..........................................................96
4.3.15.1 Representasi Visual .......................................96
4.3.15.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas .................97
4.3.15.2 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ............98
4.4
BAB V
Pembahasan Hasil Analisis ........................................................98
KESIMPULAN & SARAN
5.1
Kesimpulan
........................................................................103
5.2
Saran ........................................................................................104
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................106
LAMPIRAN 1
........................................................................................110
LAMPIRAN 2
........................................................................................118
Al’aeni Almardiah, 2016
REPRESENTASI ISU BUD AYA D ALAM KARTUN “RACHMAD I”
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN.....................................................................................i
PERNYATAAN .....................................................................................................ii
KATA PENGANTAR ...........................................................................................iii
ABSTRAK..............................................................................................................iv
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................v
DAFTAR ISI .........................................................................................................vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................vii
DAFTAR TABEL................................................................................................viii
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang penelitian...........................................................1
1.2 .. Identifikasi dan Rumusan masalah.............................................7
1.2.1 Identifikasi Masalah .........................................................7
1.2.2 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................7
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian........................................................................8
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian......................................................................8
1.5 Sistematika Penulisan.................................................................8
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Representasi .............................................................................10
2.2 Modalitas ( Modality).................................................................14
2.2.1 Konsep Modalitas ..........................................................14
2.2.2 Modalitas linguistik .......................................................15
2.2.3 Modalitas Visual ...........................................................17
2.3
Multimodalitas (Multimodality) ..............................................19
2.4
Metafungsi Bahasa dalam komunikasi Visual (Gambar) ........21
2.4.1 Metafungsi Ideasional/Representasional .......................22
Al’aeni Almardiah, 2016
REPRESENTASI ISU BUD AYA D ALAM KARTUN “RACHMAD I”
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.4.2 Metafungsi Interpersonal/Interaksi................................24
2.4.3 Metafungsi Tekstual/Komposisional .............................25
2.5
Tata Bahasa Fungsional Sistemik (Systemic Functional
Grammar ) ...............................................................................26
2.5.1 Makna Ideasional (Ideational Meaning ) ...........27
2.5.2 Makna Interpersonal ( Interpersonal Meaning ) .28
2.5.3 Makna Tekstual (Textual Meaning)...................28
2.6
Transitivitas (Transitivity) .......................................................29
2.6.1.1 Proses (Process)..............................................29
2.6.1.2 Partisipan (Participants) .................................31
2.6.1.3 Sirkumstan (Circumstance) ............................32
2.7
Kartun .....................................................................................33
2.7.1 Kartun Politik/Editorial .................................................35
2.7.2 Sejarah Perkembangan Kartun Politik/Editorial ...........38
2.7.3 Jenis-Jenis Kartun..........................................................36
2.7.3.1 Kartun Humor ...................................................36
2.7.3.2 Kartun Editorial.................................................37
2.7.3.3 Kartun Karikatur ...............................................38
2.7.3.4 Kartun Komik ...................................................39
2.7.3.5 Kartun Animasi .................................................40
2.8
Relasi antara Verbal dan Visual dalam Kartun ‘Rachmadi’ ...40
2.9
Budaya .....................................................................................41
2.9.1 Tingkat Budaya dan Fungsi Budaya..............................41
2.9.2 Budaya Politik ...............................................................43
2.9.3 Komponen-komponen Budaya Politik ..........................46
2.9.4 Tipe-tipe Budaya politik ................................................46
2.9.5 Budaya politik yang Berkembang di Indonesia.............49
2.10 Penelitian Terkait.....................................................................51
Al’aeni Almardiah, 2016
REPRESENTASI ISU BUD AYA D ALAM KARTUN “RACHMAD I”
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
3.1
Jenis Penelitian ........................................................................53
3.2
Definisi Operasional ................................................................54
3.3
Subjek Penelitian .....................................................................54
3.4
Teknik Pengumpulan Data ......................................................55
3.5
Teknik Analisis Data ...............................................................55
BAB IV ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.1
Deskripsi Data ........................................................................57
4.2
Isu Budaya dalam Kartun ‘Rachmadi’ ...................................58
4.2.1 Isu Budaya Politik Parokial ..........................................58
4.2.2 Isu Budaya Politik Kaula/Subjek..................................61
4.2.3 Isu Budaya Politik Partisipan .......................................65
4.3
Analisis Representasi Visual & Verbal dan Relasinya............67
4.3.1 Analisis Data 1 .............................................................67
4.3.1.1 Representasi Visual ........................................67
4.3.1.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas ..................68
4.3.1.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal .............69
4.3.2
Analisis Data 2 ............................................................69
4.3.2.1 Representasi Visual .........................................69
4.3.2.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas ...................70
4.3.2.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ..............71
4.3.3 Analisis Data 3 .............................................................72
4.3.3.1 Representasi Visual .........................................72
4.3.3.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas ...................72
4.3.3.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ..............73
4.3.4 Analisis Data 4 ...............................................................74
4.3.4.1 Representasi Visual .........................................74
4.3.4.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas ...................75
Al’aeni Almardiah, 2016
REPRESENTASI ISU BUD AYA D ALAM KARTUN “RACHMAD I”
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.3.4.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ..............76
4.3.5 Analisis Data 5 ..............................................................76
4.3.5.1 Representasi Visual .........................................76
4.3.5.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas ...................77
4.3.5.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ..............78
4.3.6 Analisis Data 6 ..............................................................78
4.3.6.1 Representasi Visual .........................................78
4.3.6.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas ...................79
4.3.6.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ..............80
4.3.7 Analisis Data 7 ...............................................................81
4.3.7.1 Representasi Visual .........................................81
4.3.7.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas ...................81
4.3.7.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ..............82
4.3.8 Analisis Data 8 ..............................................................82
4.3.8.1 Representasi Visual ........................................82
4.3.8.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas ...................83
4.3.8.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ..............84
4.3.9 Analisis Data 9 ..............................................................84
4.3.9.1 Representasi Visual ........................................84
4.3.9.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas ..................85
4.3.9.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal .............86
4.3.10 Analisis Data 10 ..........................................................87
4.3.10.1 Representasi Visual .......................................87
4.3.10.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas .................88
4.3.10.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ............89
4.3.11 Analisis Data 11 ...........................................................89
4.3.11.1 Representasi Visual .......................................89
4.3.11.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas .................90
4.3.11.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ............91
Al’aeni Almardiah, 2016
REPRESENTASI ISU BUD AYA D ALAM KARTUN “RACHMAD I”
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.3.12 Analisis Data 12 ...........................................................91
4.3.12.1 Representasi Visual .......................................91
4.3.12.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas .................92
4.3.12.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ............92
4.3.13 Analisis Data 13 ..........................................................93
4.3.13.1 Representasi Visual .......................................93
4.3.13.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas .................94
4.3.13.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ............94
4.3.14 Analisis Data 14 ..........................................................94
4.3.14.1 Representasi Visual .......................................94
4.3.14.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas .................95
4.3.14.3 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ............96
4.3.15 Analisis Data 15 ..........................................................96
4.3.15.1 Representasi Visual .......................................96
4.3.15.2 Representasi Verbal: Transitivitas .................97
4.3.15.2 Relasi Representasi Visual & Verbal ............98
4.4
BAB V
Pembahasan Hasil Analisis ........................................................98
KESIMPULAN & SARAN
5.1
Kesimpulan
........................................................................103
5.2
Saran ........................................................................................104
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................106
LAMPIRAN 1
........................................................................................110
LAMPIRAN 2
........................................................................................118
Al’aeni Almardiah, 2016
REPRESENTASI ISU BUD AYA D ALAM KARTUN “RACHMAD I”
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu