t ipa 0909905 table of content
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
PERNYATAAN
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................
i
KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................
ii
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................
v
DAFTAR TABEL ..........................................................................................
viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................
ix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................
x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang ..........................................................................................
1
B. Rumusan Masalah .....................................................................................
7
C. Batasan Masalah .......................................................................................
8
D. Tujuan Penelitian .....................................................................................
9
E. Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................................
9
BAB II PROFIL BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA BERDASARKAN SOAL
ESAI BERPIKIR KRITIS INCH PADA TEMA SISTEM ORGAN
A. Berpikir Kritis ...........................................................................................
11
B. Perangkat Penilaian untuk Menilai Berpikir Kritis ..................................
16
C. Berpikir Kritis dalam Pembelajaran .........................................................
23
D. Hasil Penelitian yang Relevan .................................................................
31
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
A. Metode Penelitian .....................................................................................
33
B. Definisi Operasional .................................................................................
33
C. Populasi dan Sampel .................................................................................
34
D. Teknik Pengambilan Sampel ...................................................................
35
E. Instrumen Penelitian ................................................................................
36
F. Prosedur Penelitian ...................................................................................
43
G. Teknik Pengolahan Data ...........................................................................
45
H. Alur Penelitian ..........................................................................................
51
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. Hasil Penelitian .........................................................................................
52
B. Pembahasan ...............................................................................................
86
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Kesimpulan .............................................................................................
132
B. Saran ......................................................................................................... 134
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .....................................................................................
136
LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................
140
RIWAYAT HIDUP ........................................................................................
257
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
2.1 Elemen Berpikir Kritis.....................................................................................
15
2.2 Keunggulan dan Kelemahan Tes Uraian .........................................................
20
3.1 Rancangan Instrumen Penelitian ....................................................................
36
3.2 Kisi-kisi Soal Tes Berpikir Kritis ...................................................................
39
3.3 Pedoman Pemberian Skor Soal Esai Berpikir Kritis ......................................
42
3.4 Interpretasi Nilai r (Korelasi) .........................................................................
46
3.5 Tafsiran Koefisien Reliabilitas ........................................................................
47
3.6 Tafsiran Indeks Daya Pembeda .......................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
48
3.7 Kategori Taraf Kesukaran Soal ......................................................................
49
3.8 Kategori Berpikir Kritis ..................................................................................
50
4.1 Rekapitulasi Penilaian (Judgement) Instrumen Soal Esai per Elemen dan
Sub Elemen Berpikir Kritis Inch ....................................................................
54
4.2 Rekapitulasi Analisis Keterbacaan Soal Esai Berpikir Kritis pada Guru dan
Siswa di SMA cluster 1, cluster 2, dan cluster 3 .......................................
57
4.3 Rekapitulasi Daya Pembeda Butir Soal Esai Instrumen Berpikir Kritis Inch
pada SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ............................................
62
4.4 Rekapitulasi Taraf Kesukaran Butir Soal Esai Instrumen Berpikir Kritis
Inch pada SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ................................
65
4.5 Rekapitulasi Validitas Butir Soal Esai Instrumen Berpikir Kritis Inch pada
SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3.....................................................
67
4.6 Rekapitulasi Reliabilitas Butir Soal Esai Instrumen Berpikir Kritis Inch
pada SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 .........................................
70
4.7 Rekapitulasi Butir Soal yang Diterima untuk Mengukur Berpikir Kritis
Inch .............................................................................................................
71
4.8 Rekapitulasi Pencapaian per Elemen dan Sub Elemen Berpikir Kritis Inch
pada SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ............................................
74
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
3.1 Teknik Pengambilan Sampel ..........................................................................
36
3.2 Alur Penelitian .................................................................................................
51
4.1 Rata-rata Pencapaian Berpikir Kritis Inch Siswa SMA Negeri di Kota
Bandung ........................................................................................................
76
4.2 Rata-rata Pencapaian Berpikir Kritis Inch Siswa SMA Negeri di Kota
Bandung Pada Setiap Elemen Berpikir Kritis Inch .......................................
77
4.3 Rata-rata Pencapaian Berpikir Kritis Inch pada Siswa SMA Cluster 1,
Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ................................................................................
78
4.4 Rata-rata Pencapaian Sub Elemen “Tujuan (Purpose)” Berpikir Kritis Inch
pada Siswa SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ....................................
79
4.5 Rata-rata Pencapaian Sub Elemen “Pertanyaan terhadap Masalah (Question
at Issue)” Berpikir Kritis Inch pada Siswa SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan
Cluster 3 .........................................................................................................
80
4.6 Rata-rata Pencapaian Sub Elemen “Asumsi (Assumptions)” Berpikir Kritis
Inch pada Siswa SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ............................
81
4.7 Rata-rata Pencapaian Sub Elemen “Sudut Pandang (Point of View)” Berpikir
Kritis Inch pada Siswa SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ..................
82
4.8 Rata-rata Pencapaian Sub Elemen “Informasi (Information)” Berpikir Kritis
Inch pada Siswa SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ............................
83
4.9 Rata-rata Pencapaian Sub Elemen “Konsep (Concepts)” Berpikir Kritis Inch
pada Siswa SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ....................................
84
96
4.10 Rata-rata Pencapaian Sub Elemen “Interpretasi dan Menarik Kesimpulan
(Interpretation and Inference)” Berpikir Kritis Inch pada Siswa SMA
Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 .................................................................
85
4.11 Rata-rata Pencapaian Sub Elemen “Implikasi dan Akibat-akibat
(Implicattion and Concequences)” Berpikir Kritis Inch pada Siswa SMA
Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 .................................................................
86
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran
A. INSTRUMEN PENELITIAN
Soal Terpilih untuk Mengukur Berpikir Kritis Inch ....................................
140
B. ANALISIS VALIDITAS KONSTRUK (CONTRUCT VALIDITY)
1.
Rekapitulasi Lembar Penilaian (Judgement) Instrumen Soal Esai
Berpikir Kritis Inch .............................................................................
2.
158
Rekapitulasi Lembar Penilaian (Judgement) Instrumen Soal Esai per
Elemen dan Sub Elemen Berpikir Kritis Inch ......................................
C. REKAPITULASI
ANALISIS
KETERBACAAN
SOAL
188
ESAI
KRITIS INCH PADA GURU DAN SISWA DI SMA CLUSTER 1,
CLUSTER 2, DAN CLUSTER 3
Rekapitulasi Analisis Keterbacaan Soal Esai Kritis Inch Pada Guru dan
Siswa di SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3......................................
192
D. ANALISIS BUTIR SOAL
1.
Analisis Butir Soal Instrumen Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA
Cluster 1 ...............................................................................................
2.
Analisis Butir Soal Instrumen Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA
Cluster 2 ...............................................................................................
3.
202
206
Analisis Butir Soal Instrumen Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA
Cluster 3 ...............................................................................................
210
4.
Rekapitulasi Kesimpulan Analisis Butir Soal Instrumen Berpikir
Kritis Inch ............................................................................................
5.
214
Rekapitulasi Butir Soal yang Diterima untuk Mengukur Berpikir
Kritis Inch .............................................................................................
219
E. ANALISIS PENCAPAIAN BERPIKIR KRITIS INCH
1.
Analisis Pencapaian Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA Cluster 1 ..........
..............................................................................................................
220
2.
Analisis Pencapaian Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA Cluster 2 ...........
230
3.
Analisis Pencapaian Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA Cluster 3 ...........
236
4.
Rekapitulasi Pencapaian Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA Cluster 1 ....
244
5.
Rekapitulasi Pencapaian Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA Cluster 2 ....
336
6.
Rekapitulasi Pencapaian Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA Cluster 3 ....
248
7.
Rekapitulasi Rata-rata Pencapaian Per Elemen dan Sub Elemen
Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ....
250
F. ADMINISTRASI PENELITIAN
1.
Surat Izin Melakukan Penelitian ..........................................................
2.
Surat Keterangan Telah melaksanakan Penelitian ...............................
253
254
G. DOKUMENTASI PENELITIAN
Dokumentasi Penelitian ...............................................................................
255
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
PERNYATAAN
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................
i
KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................
ii
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................
v
DAFTAR TABEL ..........................................................................................
viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................
ix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................
x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang ..........................................................................................
1
B. Rumusan Masalah .....................................................................................
7
C. Batasan Masalah .......................................................................................
8
D. Tujuan Penelitian .....................................................................................
9
E. Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................................
9
BAB II PROFIL BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA BERDASARKAN SOAL
ESAI BERPIKIR KRITIS INCH PADA TEMA SISTEM ORGAN
A. Berpikir Kritis ...........................................................................................
11
B. Perangkat Penilaian untuk Menilai Berpikir Kritis ..................................
16
C. Berpikir Kritis dalam Pembelajaran .........................................................
23
D. Hasil Penelitian yang Relevan .................................................................
31
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
A. Metode Penelitian .....................................................................................
33
B. Definisi Operasional .................................................................................
33
C. Populasi dan Sampel .................................................................................
34
D. Teknik Pengambilan Sampel ...................................................................
35
E. Instrumen Penelitian ................................................................................
36
F. Prosedur Penelitian ...................................................................................
43
G. Teknik Pengolahan Data ...........................................................................
45
H. Alur Penelitian ..........................................................................................
51
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. Hasil Penelitian .........................................................................................
52
B. Pembahasan ...............................................................................................
86
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Kesimpulan .............................................................................................
132
B. Saran ......................................................................................................... 134
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .....................................................................................
136
LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................
140
RIWAYAT HIDUP ........................................................................................
257
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
2.1 Elemen Berpikir Kritis.....................................................................................
15
2.2 Keunggulan dan Kelemahan Tes Uraian .........................................................
20
3.1 Rancangan Instrumen Penelitian ....................................................................
36
3.2 Kisi-kisi Soal Tes Berpikir Kritis ...................................................................
39
3.3 Pedoman Pemberian Skor Soal Esai Berpikir Kritis ......................................
42
3.4 Interpretasi Nilai r (Korelasi) .........................................................................
46
3.5 Tafsiran Koefisien Reliabilitas ........................................................................
47
3.6 Tafsiran Indeks Daya Pembeda .......................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
48
3.7 Kategori Taraf Kesukaran Soal ......................................................................
49
3.8 Kategori Berpikir Kritis ..................................................................................
50
4.1 Rekapitulasi Penilaian (Judgement) Instrumen Soal Esai per Elemen dan
Sub Elemen Berpikir Kritis Inch ....................................................................
54
4.2 Rekapitulasi Analisis Keterbacaan Soal Esai Berpikir Kritis pada Guru dan
Siswa di SMA cluster 1, cluster 2, dan cluster 3 .......................................
57
4.3 Rekapitulasi Daya Pembeda Butir Soal Esai Instrumen Berpikir Kritis Inch
pada SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ............................................
62
4.4 Rekapitulasi Taraf Kesukaran Butir Soal Esai Instrumen Berpikir Kritis
Inch pada SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ................................
65
4.5 Rekapitulasi Validitas Butir Soal Esai Instrumen Berpikir Kritis Inch pada
SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3.....................................................
67
4.6 Rekapitulasi Reliabilitas Butir Soal Esai Instrumen Berpikir Kritis Inch
pada SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 .........................................
70
4.7 Rekapitulasi Butir Soal yang Diterima untuk Mengukur Berpikir Kritis
Inch .............................................................................................................
71
4.8 Rekapitulasi Pencapaian per Elemen dan Sub Elemen Berpikir Kritis Inch
pada SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ............................................
74
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
3.1 Teknik Pengambilan Sampel ..........................................................................
36
3.2 Alur Penelitian .................................................................................................
51
4.1 Rata-rata Pencapaian Berpikir Kritis Inch Siswa SMA Negeri di Kota
Bandung ........................................................................................................
76
4.2 Rata-rata Pencapaian Berpikir Kritis Inch Siswa SMA Negeri di Kota
Bandung Pada Setiap Elemen Berpikir Kritis Inch .......................................
77
4.3 Rata-rata Pencapaian Berpikir Kritis Inch pada Siswa SMA Cluster 1,
Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ................................................................................
78
4.4 Rata-rata Pencapaian Sub Elemen “Tujuan (Purpose)” Berpikir Kritis Inch
pada Siswa SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ....................................
79
4.5 Rata-rata Pencapaian Sub Elemen “Pertanyaan terhadap Masalah (Question
at Issue)” Berpikir Kritis Inch pada Siswa SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan
Cluster 3 .........................................................................................................
80
4.6 Rata-rata Pencapaian Sub Elemen “Asumsi (Assumptions)” Berpikir Kritis
Inch pada Siswa SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ............................
81
4.7 Rata-rata Pencapaian Sub Elemen “Sudut Pandang (Point of View)” Berpikir
Kritis Inch pada Siswa SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ..................
82
4.8 Rata-rata Pencapaian Sub Elemen “Informasi (Information)” Berpikir Kritis
Inch pada Siswa SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ............................
83
4.9 Rata-rata Pencapaian Sub Elemen “Konsep (Concepts)” Berpikir Kritis Inch
pada Siswa SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ....................................
84
96
4.10 Rata-rata Pencapaian Sub Elemen “Interpretasi dan Menarik Kesimpulan
(Interpretation and Inference)” Berpikir Kritis Inch pada Siswa SMA
Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 .................................................................
85
4.11 Rata-rata Pencapaian Sub Elemen “Implikasi dan Akibat-akibat
(Implicattion and Concequences)” Berpikir Kritis Inch pada Siswa SMA
Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 .................................................................
86
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran
A. INSTRUMEN PENELITIAN
Soal Terpilih untuk Mengukur Berpikir Kritis Inch ....................................
140
B. ANALISIS VALIDITAS KONSTRUK (CONTRUCT VALIDITY)
1.
Rekapitulasi Lembar Penilaian (Judgement) Instrumen Soal Esai
Berpikir Kritis Inch .............................................................................
2.
158
Rekapitulasi Lembar Penilaian (Judgement) Instrumen Soal Esai per
Elemen dan Sub Elemen Berpikir Kritis Inch ......................................
C. REKAPITULASI
ANALISIS
KETERBACAAN
SOAL
188
ESAI
KRITIS INCH PADA GURU DAN SISWA DI SMA CLUSTER 1,
CLUSTER 2, DAN CLUSTER 3
Rekapitulasi Analisis Keterbacaan Soal Esai Kritis Inch Pada Guru dan
Siswa di SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3......................................
192
D. ANALISIS BUTIR SOAL
1.
Analisis Butir Soal Instrumen Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA
Cluster 1 ...............................................................................................
2.
Analisis Butir Soal Instrumen Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA
Cluster 2 ...............................................................................................
3.
202
206
Analisis Butir Soal Instrumen Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA
Cluster 3 ...............................................................................................
210
4.
Rekapitulasi Kesimpulan Analisis Butir Soal Instrumen Berpikir
Kritis Inch ............................................................................................
5.
214
Rekapitulasi Butir Soal yang Diterima untuk Mengukur Berpikir
Kritis Inch .............................................................................................
219
E. ANALISIS PENCAPAIAN BERPIKIR KRITIS INCH
1.
Analisis Pencapaian Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA Cluster 1 ..........
..............................................................................................................
220
2.
Analisis Pencapaian Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA Cluster 2 ...........
230
3.
Analisis Pencapaian Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA Cluster 3 ...........
236
4.
Rekapitulasi Pencapaian Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA Cluster 1 ....
244
5.
Rekapitulasi Pencapaian Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA Cluster 2 ....
336
6.
Rekapitulasi Pencapaian Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA Cluster 3 ....
248
7.
Rekapitulasi Rata-rata Pencapaian Per Elemen dan Sub Elemen
Berpikir Kritis Inch Pada SMA Cluster 1, Cluster 2, dan Cluster 3 ....
250
F. ADMINISTRASI PENELITIAN
1.
Surat Izin Melakukan Penelitian ..........................................................
2.
Surat Keterangan Telah melaksanakan Penelitian ...............................
253
254
G. DOKUMENTASI PENELITIAN
Dokumentasi Penelitian ...............................................................................
255