THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN REFUSAL BY THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY The Implementation Of Politeness Strategies In Refusal By The Second Semester Students Of Muhammadiyah University In English Speaking Class.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN REFUSAL BY
THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY
IN ENGLISH SPEAKING CLASS
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor
Degree of Education in English Department
By:
NOVA NURJAYANTI
A320120196
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
i
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
You are not obligated to win. You are obligated to keep trying to do the best you can
every day (Marian Wright Edelman)
No one knows what he can do until he tries (Pulilius Syrus)
Man Jadda Wa Jada
v
DEDICATION
This humble work is especially dedicated to:
Her beloved father, who passed away in October 11th 2013
Her beloved mother
Her lovely brother and little brother: Gunawan Joko Iswanto and Firel Boby Rizkiyan
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillahirobill’alamin, all praises to Allah SWT, the most Gracious and
Merciful, who has blessed her in every single step in her life and also Great Messenger
Muhammad SAW, who are always hope of his intercession in the hereafter.
The writer has got helps and support from a lot of people during finishing this
research paper. Without their helps and support this research paper could not be
completed. Thus in this opportunity, the writer would like to express her gratitude to great
person who have helped her to finish this research paper.
First, her gratitude to the Dean of School of Teacher Training and Education,
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Prof. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum and the head
of English Education Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Mauly Halwat
Hikmat, Ph.D for facilitating her during her years in English Department.
Then her deepest gratitude for her first and second academic consultant as well as
her research paper advisor Dra. Siti Zuhriah Aryatmi, M. Hum and Nur Hidayat, M. Pd
for all their lessons, guidance, suggestions, and help during conducting this research paper
and during the revision time. Her gratitude also goes for the entire lecturer in English
Education Department.
She sincerely thanks for her beloved parents. Thanks for the pray, support and
encouragement that they have given to her. Even her father has passed away, he always
lasting in her heart. Thanks also for her brother who is always support her to finish her
study. Then for the special person in her life, Lastika Ary Prihandoko thanks for being her
brother, her friend, her lecturer, and thank you for his support.
vii
Her thanks is also for her friends in DEECE. Especially for her best friend Pipit
Dwi Saputri, thanks for always being a good friend for her. For Rizki, Siti, Yani, Mega,
Kharisma, Ita that they have learned many things together and the writer will never forget
their laziness, craziness, and our jokes.
Furthermore, the writer really realize that this research paper still has a lot of
weakness. This research paper still needs the constructive critics and suggestions from the
reader. Hopefully this research paper can be useful for the reader, especially for the
English Education Department students.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, May 2016
The Writer,
Nova Nurjayanti
viii
SUMMARY
Nova Nurjayanti. A 320 120 196. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLITENESS
STRATEGIES IN REFUSAL BY THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY IN ENGLISH SPEAKING CLASS. Research
Paper. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2016
This research aims at describing the use of politeness strategies in refusal conducted
by English Department students. The study used descriptive qualitative research which
includes thirty eight second-semester students at English Department of Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta. The data are refusal utterances collected by using Discourse
Completing Task (DCT) as the instrument. The data are analyzed by using theory of
politeness by Brown and Levinson and refusal strategy by Felix. The finding of the
research are described in line with the problem statements. First, based on the research
finding the writer found that direct refusal is most appeared refusal strategy which has
value 46,2%. The second place is indirect refusal 43% and the last one is adjunct to refusal
10,8%. Second, the writer found that bald on record is the most appeared politeness
strategy which has value 42,1%. The second place, there is positive politeness which has
value 29,5%. The third place, there is negative politeness which has value 26,6% and the
last one is off record which has value 1,8%. In using refusal, almost all participants use
direct refusal instead of using indirect refusal or adjunct to refusal. Thus, the writer can
conclude that the students do not master yet how to use refusal strategy politely.
Keyword: politeness strategy, refusal strategy
ix
RINGKASAN
Nova Nurjayanti. A320120196. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLITENESS
STRATEGIES IN REFUSAL BY THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY IN ENGLISH SPEAKING CLASS. Skripsi.
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. 2016
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan penggunaan strategi kesopanan dalam
menolak yang diselenggarakan oleh mahasiswa jurusan Bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini
menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dimana terdiri dari tiga puluh delapan
mahasiswa semester dua prodi Bahasa Inggris Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Data bersumber dari percakapan menolak yang dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan
Discourse Completing Task (DCT). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori
kesopanan dari Brown dan Levinson dan strategi menolak dari Felix. Penemuan dari
penelitian ini dijelaskan berdasarkan permasalahan. Pertama, berdasakan pada penemuan
penelitian penulis menemukan bahwa menolak secara langsung muncul paling banyak
dalam strategi menolak dimana mempunyai nilai 46,2%. Posisi kedua adalah menolak
secara tidak langsung 43% dan posisi terakhir adalah tambahan untuk menolak 10,8%.
Penemuan kedua penulis menemukan bahwa bald on record paling sering muncul dalam
strategi kesopanan yang mempunyai nilai 42,1%. Posisi kedua adalah kesopanan positif
yang mempunyai nilai 29,5%. Posisi ketiga adalah kesopanan negative yang mempunyai
nilai 26,6% dan posisi terakhir adalah off record yang mempunyai nilai 1,8%. Dalam
penggunaan strategi menolak kebanyakan dari semua peserta menggunakan penolakan
secara langsung daripada menggunakan penolakan secara tidak langsung atau tambahan
untuk menolak. Sehingga penulis dapat menyimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa belum
menguasai bagaimana penggunaan strategi menolak secara sopan.
Kata kunci: strategi kesopanan, strategi menolak
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PAGE OF TITLE ................................................................................................ i
APPROVAL.......................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE.................................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY ...................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. vii
SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... ix
RINGKASAN ...................................................................................................... x
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ...................................................... 1
B. Limitation of the Study.......................................................... 4
C. Problem Statement................................................................
4
D. Objective of the Study .......................................................... 4
E. Benefits of the Study ............................................................ 5
xi
F. Research Paper Organization ................................................ 5
CHAPTER II : LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................ 7
A. Previous Study ................................................................... 7
B. Underlying Theory ............................................................. 10
1. Teaching Speaking ...................................................... 10
2. Pragmatics ……............................................................ 12
3. Politeness …….............................................................. 23
4. Factor influencing the choice of strategy ...................... 39
5. The Effect of Social Distance and Social Level in
Conversation .................................................................. 41
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD........................................................ 43
A. Type of the Research........................................................... 43
B. Setting of the Research........................................................ 43
C. Object of the Study.............................................................. 44
D. Data and Data Source ......................................................... 44
E. Technique for Data Collection............................................ 44
F. Technique for Analyzing Data............................................ 45
CHAPTER IV : RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION..................... 46
A. Research Finding and Discussion ....................................... 46
1. The types of refusal strategies by second semester
students of English Department ................................... 46
xii
2. The types of politeness strategies in refusal by second
semester students of English Department .................... 89
B. Discussion of the Finding ................................................... 133
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .................................. 137
A. Conclusion....................................................................... 137
B.
Pedagogical Implication ................................................. 138
C. Suggestion....................................................................... 139
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii
THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY
IN ENGLISH SPEAKING CLASS
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor
Degree of Education in English Department
By:
NOVA NURJAYANTI
A320120196
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
i
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
You are not obligated to win. You are obligated to keep trying to do the best you can
every day (Marian Wright Edelman)
No one knows what he can do until he tries (Pulilius Syrus)
Man Jadda Wa Jada
v
DEDICATION
This humble work is especially dedicated to:
Her beloved father, who passed away in October 11th 2013
Her beloved mother
Her lovely brother and little brother: Gunawan Joko Iswanto and Firel Boby Rizkiyan
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillahirobill’alamin, all praises to Allah SWT, the most Gracious and
Merciful, who has blessed her in every single step in her life and also Great Messenger
Muhammad SAW, who are always hope of his intercession in the hereafter.
The writer has got helps and support from a lot of people during finishing this
research paper. Without their helps and support this research paper could not be
completed. Thus in this opportunity, the writer would like to express her gratitude to great
person who have helped her to finish this research paper.
First, her gratitude to the Dean of School of Teacher Training and Education,
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Prof. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum and the head
of English Education Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Mauly Halwat
Hikmat, Ph.D for facilitating her during her years in English Department.
Then her deepest gratitude for her first and second academic consultant as well as
her research paper advisor Dra. Siti Zuhriah Aryatmi, M. Hum and Nur Hidayat, M. Pd
for all their lessons, guidance, suggestions, and help during conducting this research paper
and during the revision time. Her gratitude also goes for the entire lecturer in English
Education Department.
She sincerely thanks for her beloved parents. Thanks for the pray, support and
encouragement that they have given to her. Even her father has passed away, he always
lasting in her heart. Thanks also for her brother who is always support her to finish her
study. Then for the special person in her life, Lastika Ary Prihandoko thanks for being her
brother, her friend, her lecturer, and thank you for his support.
vii
Her thanks is also for her friends in DEECE. Especially for her best friend Pipit
Dwi Saputri, thanks for always being a good friend for her. For Rizki, Siti, Yani, Mega,
Kharisma, Ita that they have learned many things together and the writer will never forget
their laziness, craziness, and our jokes.
Furthermore, the writer really realize that this research paper still has a lot of
weakness. This research paper still needs the constructive critics and suggestions from the
reader. Hopefully this research paper can be useful for the reader, especially for the
English Education Department students.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, May 2016
The Writer,
Nova Nurjayanti
viii
SUMMARY
Nova Nurjayanti. A 320 120 196. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLITENESS
STRATEGIES IN REFUSAL BY THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY IN ENGLISH SPEAKING CLASS. Research
Paper. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2016
This research aims at describing the use of politeness strategies in refusal conducted
by English Department students. The study used descriptive qualitative research which
includes thirty eight second-semester students at English Department of Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta. The data are refusal utterances collected by using Discourse
Completing Task (DCT) as the instrument. The data are analyzed by using theory of
politeness by Brown and Levinson and refusal strategy by Felix. The finding of the
research are described in line with the problem statements. First, based on the research
finding the writer found that direct refusal is most appeared refusal strategy which has
value 46,2%. The second place is indirect refusal 43% and the last one is adjunct to refusal
10,8%. Second, the writer found that bald on record is the most appeared politeness
strategy which has value 42,1%. The second place, there is positive politeness which has
value 29,5%. The third place, there is negative politeness which has value 26,6% and the
last one is off record which has value 1,8%. In using refusal, almost all participants use
direct refusal instead of using indirect refusal or adjunct to refusal. Thus, the writer can
conclude that the students do not master yet how to use refusal strategy politely.
Keyword: politeness strategy, refusal strategy
ix
RINGKASAN
Nova Nurjayanti. A320120196. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLITENESS
STRATEGIES IN REFUSAL BY THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY IN ENGLISH SPEAKING CLASS. Skripsi.
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. 2016
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan penggunaan strategi kesopanan dalam
menolak yang diselenggarakan oleh mahasiswa jurusan Bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini
menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dimana terdiri dari tiga puluh delapan
mahasiswa semester dua prodi Bahasa Inggris Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Data bersumber dari percakapan menolak yang dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan
Discourse Completing Task (DCT). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori
kesopanan dari Brown dan Levinson dan strategi menolak dari Felix. Penemuan dari
penelitian ini dijelaskan berdasarkan permasalahan. Pertama, berdasakan pada penemuan
penelitian penulis menemukan bahwa menolak secara langsung muncul paling banyak
dalam strategi menolak dimana mempunyai nilai 46,2%. Posisi kedua adalah menolak
secara tidak langsung 43% dan posisi terakhir adalah tambahan untuk menolak 10,8%.
Penemuan kedua penulis menemukan bahwa bald on record paling sering muncul dalam
strategi kesopanan yang mempunyai nilai 42,1%. Posisi kedua adalah kesopanan positif
yang mempunyai nilai 29,5%. Posisi ketiga adalah kesopanan negative yang mempunyai
nilai 26,6% dan posisi terakhir adalah off record yang mempunyai nilai 1,8%. Dalam
penggunaan strategi menolak kebanyakan dari semua peserta menggunakan penolakan
secara langsung daripada menggunakan penolakan secara tidak langsung atau tambahan
untuk menolak. Sehingga penulis dapat menyimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa belum
menguasai bagaimana penggunaan strategi menolak secara sopan.
Kata kunci: strategi kesopanan, strategi menolak
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PAGE OF TITLE ................................................................................................ i
APPROVAL.......................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE.................................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY ...................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. vii
SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... ix
RINGKASAN ...................................................................................................... x
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ...................................................... 1
B. Limitation of the Study.......................................................... 4
C. Problem Statement................................................................
4
D. Objective of the Study .......................................................... 4
E. Benefits of the Study ............................................................ 5
xi
F. Research Paper Organization ................................................ 5
CHAPTER II : LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................ 7
A. Previous Study ................................................................... 7
B. Underlying Theory ............................................................. 10
1. Teaching Speaking ...................................................... 10
2. Pragmatics ……............................................................ 12
3. Politeness …….............................................................. 23
4. Factor influencing the choice of strategy ...................... 39
5. The Effect of Social Distance and Social Level in
Conversation .................................................................. 41
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD........................................................ 43
A. Type of the Research........................................................... 43
B. Setting of the Research........................................................ 43
C. Object of the Study.............................................................. 44
D. Data and Data Source ......................................................... 44
E. Technique for Data Collection............................................ 44
F. Technique for Analyzing Data............................................ 45
CHAPTER IV : RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION..................... 46
A. Research Finding and Discussion ....................................... 46
1. The types of refusal strategies by second semester
students of English Department ................................... 46
xii
2. The types of politeness strategies in refusal by second
semester students of English Department .................... 89
B. Discussion of the Finding ................................................... 133
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .................................. 137
A. Conclusion....................................................................... 137
B.
Pedagogical Implication ................................................. 138
C. Suggestion....................................................................... 139
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii