Waspadai Akrilamida pada Makanan.

Pikiran Rakyat
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O O kt

O Nov

p ro p e n a m id a

d e n g a n a s a m a m in o y a n g m e n g a n -


2-

a d a la h

s e n y a w a k im ia o rg a n ik s e d e rh a n a
y a n g c u k u p lu a s p e m a k a ia n n y a .

D a la m

B e rd a sa rk a n

d e n g a n s e n y a w a p ro te in te ru ta m a

(C 3 H S N O ) a ta u

s k a la in d u s tri,

a k rila m id a


p a n g a n o le h p a ra p e n e liti S w e d ia

s e p e rti s is te in , v a lin , d a n h is tid in . J i-

ta h u n

k a a s a m a m in o v a lin y a n g te rd a p a t

m e n g g e m p a rk a n .

p a d a h a e m o g lo b in

d a ra h b e rik a ta n

S w e d is h N a tio n a l F o o d A d m in is tr

d e n g a n a k rila m id a

dapat m enye-


tio n ,d a n

d a n m u ta g e n .

y a n g la lu , c u k u p

d ib u a t d a ri h id ro lis is

b a b k a n k a rs in o g e n

o le h n itrilh id ra ta s e .

H a l in i d id u g a k a re n a a k rila m id a ju -

dungan

g a d a p a t b e re a k s i d e n g a n b a s a n itro -

m akanan


gen pada D N A .

n y a d ila k u k a n

D a la m b e n tu k

m u rn i, a k rila m id a

p a d a ta n

tid a k b e rb a u .
a k rila m id a

k ris ta l p u tih

dan

S e m e n ta ra

P a d a su h u ru a n g ,


la ru t d a la m

a ir, e ta n o l,

nyebabkan

irita s i p a d a k u lit, p e n g e -

lu a ra n k e rin g a t b e rle b ih a n ,

A k rila m id a

a n , d a n tu ru n n y a

d a p a t m e m b e n tu k

U n iv e rs ity , m e la p o rk a n

to k s is ita s k ro n ik m e -


e te r, d a n k lo ro fo rm .

P a ra p e n e liti d

k e le la h -

a k rila m id a

adanya kan-

y a n g p ro se s p e m a s~
d e n g a n c a ra d ib a k a r,

d ip a n g g a n g , a ta u d ig o re n g , s e p e rti
k e rip ik k e n ta n g , k e n ta n g g o re n g ,

pop corn,

s e re a l, d a n b is k u it.


P ro d u k p a n g a n y a n g m e m ilik i

b e ra t b a d a n . In te r-

ra n ta i p o lim e r y a n g d ik e n a l s e b a g a i

n a tio n a l A g e n c y F o r R e s e a rc h o n

kandungan

C a n c e r ( I A R C ) , U .S .,E n v ir o n m e n ta l

d a n le m a k y a n g c u k u p tin g g i, jik a

b e rb e n tu k

g e l, d ig u n a k a n

p e n g e n ta l,


s e p e rti u n tu k p e n g -

g u m p a l k o to ra n

(flo k u la n )

p ro s e s p e m u rn ia n
k e rta s , p e n g o la h a n
b u a ta n

bahan

sebagai
d a la m

p e n g e p re s,

bahan

d ig o re n g , d ib a k a r, a ta u d ip a n g g
b e rp o te n s i

te la h m e n g k la s ifik a s ik a n

b ijih b e s i, p e m un-

a k rila m id a

m akanan,

b e rp o te n s i

m a n u s ia . P e n e litia n fa rm a k o k lin is
te rh a d a p

A k rila m id a

m e ru p a k a n

senyaw a

k im ia y a n g b e rs ifa t n e u ro to k s ik
a k ib a t p a d a s is te m

b e r-

sa ra f p u sa t d a n

s e b a g a i k a rs in o g e n
tik u s p e rc o b a a n

pada

d ib e ri p e rla k u a n

m akanan

d o s is a k rila m id a

L-2 m g / k g b e r a t

dengan

tu ru n n y a

h e w a n s e c a ra in vitr o m a u p u n

in vi-

e fe k to k s ik y a n g a k u t

jik a b e ra d a d a la m
b ~ tb a d a n .
jl\k rila m id a ju g a

d o s is

100

m g /k g

d a p a t b e re a k si

yan

pangan

a k a n te ru ra i m e n g h a s ilk a n
a

b u t k e m u d ia n

sel

m e m b e rik a n

te rs e b u t

d a la m b a h a n

d a n fru k to s a . G u la p e re d u k s i te rs e -

g a n tu b u h . P e n e litia n te rh a d a p

M e n u ru t d a ta d a ri W H O ,
o ra l a k rila m id a a k a n

C.

b a d a n p e r h a ri, d a p a t m e n y e b a b k a n
tim b u ln y a tu m o r p a d a b e b e ra p a

h ip e rte n s i.
p e m b e ria n

1200

P a d a s u h u itu , k a rb o h id ra t

g u la -g u la p e re d u k s i s e p e rti g lu k o

p e rife r. T o k s is ita s a k u t m e n y e b a b dan

( p ro se s p e n g g o re n g -

d ic a p a i s u h u d i a ta s
te rk a n d u n g

yang

k a n g a n g g u a n e m o s io n a l, h a lu s in a s i,
tin g k a t k e s a d a ra n ,

s u h u y a n g c u k u p tin g g i

a n jp e m b a k a ra n /p e m a n g g a n g a n ),

p e m b u a ta n

k o s m e tik .

m anasan

m enyebabkan

d a n u n tu k

d a la m

a k rila m id a , P a d a s a a t p ro s e s p e b e rla n g s u n g ,

k a n k e r a ta u

g,

b e s a r m e n g h a s ilk a n

s e b a g a i s e n y a w a y a n g m u n g k in

tu k p la s tik p e m b u n g k u s
bahan

p ro te in ,

D ru g A d m in is tra tio n

T h e N a tio n a l T o x ic o lo g y P ro g ra m ,

a ir, p e m b u a ta n

k a rb o h id a rt,

P ro te c tio n A g e n c y (E P A ), F o o d a n d
(F D A ), s e rta

-

d a la m b e rb a g a i

p o lia k rila m id a .

P o lia k rila m id a

.

p e n e liti d a ri S to c k h lo m

a k rilo n itril
b e rw u ju d

h a l d i a ta s , te m u a

d u n g g u g u s fu n g s i s u lfid a d a n a m in a

a k rila m id a

vo m e n u n ju k k a n

o r-

b a h w a s e n y a w a in i

dapat m enyebabkan

te rja d in y a

m u-

b e re a k si d e n g a n a sa m

a m in o p e n y u s u n
te rk a n d u n g

p ro te in y a n g ju g a

d a la m b a h a n p a n g a n

te rs e b u t, m e n ja d ik a n
pangannya

w a rn a b a h a n

m e n ja d i k u n in g k e c o

ta s i k ro m o s o m . U n i E ro p a m e n e ta p -

la ta n ( p a ra a h li b e rp e n d a p a t

k a n a k rila m id a

a m in o y a n g b e re a k s i in i a d a la h a

sebagai penyebab

as

k a n k e r k a te g o ri n o m o r d u a s e te la h

p a ra g in ). S e irin g d e n g a n b e ru b a h -

se n y a w a 3 A -b e n z a p y re n e .

n y a w a rn a m a k a n a n

Kliping

Hu

as

Onpad

201

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nan

p a d a s e ju m la h p ro d u k

2002

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aspadai Akrilamida pada Ma

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2 3 = - _ _ 2 _ 4 -= -_ 2 _ 5

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o M a r O A p r .M e i O J u n O J u l

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QC NON

in i, te rb e n tu

e-

a k rila m id a c u k u p k o m p le k s , d a p a t
d ia m a ti d a ri tim b u ln y a s e n y a w a m e -

p u la a k rila m id a . M a k in tin g g i s u h u
p e m a n a s a n , m a k in c o k e la t w a rn a
b a h a n p a n g a n n y a , m a k in la m a b a h a n p a n g a n te rs e b u t b e ra d a d a la m
s u h u d i a ta s 1 2 0 0 C m a k a a k a n s e m a k in b a n y a k p u la a k rila m id a y a n g
te rb e n tu k .

la n o id in y a n g m e n y e b a b k a n te rja d in y a p e ru b a h a n w a rn a k u n in g s a m p a i c o k e la t, d a n m e m b e rik a n ra s a
p a h it s e rta c ita ra s a y a n g k h a s p a d a
s u a tu b a h a n p a n g a n . S e p e rti p e ru b a -

S e la m a p ro s e s m e m a s a k , a s a m
a m in o d a n g u la p e re d u k s i d a p a t
b e re a k s i m e la lu i a p a y a n g d ik e n a l

,

s e b a g a i re a k s i M a illa rd . R e a k s i in i
d ite m u k a n p e rta m a k a li o le h L o u is
C a m ille M a illa rd , p a d a a w a l a b a d
k e -z o , k e tik a ia m e n e liti b a g a im a n a
a s a m -a s a rn a m in o b e rik a ta n m e m b e n tu k p ro te in . M a illa rd m e n e m u k a n b a h w a c a m p u ra n a n ta ra g u la
d a n a s a m a m in o b e ru b a h w a rn a n y a
m e n ja d i k e c o k e la ta n . R e a k s i in i
b e rla n g s u n g d e n g a n m u d a h p a d a
s u h u a n ta ra

1 S 0 -2 6 0 0

C , k ira -k ira

s e .t a r a d e n g a n s u h u p e m a n a s a n s a a t
m e n g g o re n g .
P a ra a h li d a ri S w e d ia m e n e m u k a n b a h w a te rja d in y a re a k s i M a illa rd s e rin g k a li d iik u ti d e n g a n p e m b e n tu k a n a k rila m id a . P a ra a h li te rs e b u t m e n c o b a m e re a k s ik a n a s p a ra g in y a n g m e ru p a k a n 4 0 p e rs e n
b a g ia n a s a m a m in o d a la m k e n ta n g ,
d e n g a n g lu k o s a . M e re k a m e n d a p a ti
bahw a pada suhu 1 0 0 0 C pun sudah
c u k u p u n tu k m e n g h a s ilk a n a k rila m id a . J u m la h a k rila m id a y a n g d ip ro d u k s i, m e n in g k a t ta ja m p a d a
s u h u d i a ta s 1 8 S o C .
M e re k a b e rp e n d a p a t b a h w a w a la u p u n m e k a n is m e p e m b e n tu k a n

h a n w a rn a p a d a p ro d u k k rip ik k e n ta n g , m e n u n ju k k a n a d a n y a h u b u n g a n d e n g a n s e ju m la h s e n y a w a a k rila m id a d i d a la m n y a . M a k in p e k a t
w a rn a k e rip ik k e n ta n g , m a k a ju m la h
a k rila m id a n y a a k a n m a k in b a n y a k .
P ro d u k y a n g k e rin g , m e m ilik i
p o te n s i m e n g a n d u n g a k rila m id a d a la m ju m la h b e s a r. P ro s e s p e n g o la h a n b a h a n p a n g a n p a d a s u h u tin g g i
m enyebabkan

g i. S e la in k a d a r a ir, p e m b e n tu k a n
a k rila m id a ju g a d ip e n g a ru h i
le h
p H d a n m a trik s b a h a n p a n g a n n y a .
J u m la h a k rila m id a m a k in re n d a h
pada pH asam .
N a m u n p a d a p ro se s m e m r a k
d e n g a n c a ra d ik u k u s a ta u d ire b u s
tid a k d ite m u k a n a d a n y a a k rila m id a
p a d a b a h a n p a n g a n y a n g s a la .
S e b a g a i tin d a k a n p re v e n tif a d a
b a ik n y a k ita m e n g u ra n g i m e n g o n s u m s i g o re n g -g o re n g a n , a ta u jik a
te rp a k s a m e n g g o re n g s u a tu
ahan
p a n g a n , la k u k a n la h p a d a s u u y a n g
re n d a h d a n tid a k m e n g g u n k a n
m in y a k g o re n g b e k a s p a k a i e rk a lik a l i .* * *

te rja d in y a p e n g u a p a n

m o le k u l a ir d a ri b a h a n p a n g a n te rs e b u t s e h in g g a k o n s e n tra s i a k rila m id a
a k a n m a k in tin g -

Y. ZakiahA., alumnus Ii'MIPA
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