Tema Desain ARSITEKTUR MODERN KONTEKSTUAL DI KAWASAN KOLONIAL Fokus Kajian KESELARASAN ANTARA BANGUNAN BARU DENGAN BANGUNAN YANG DIKONSERVASI DAN LINGKUNGAN SEKITARNYA

  

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXV, Semester Genap, Tahun 2013/2014

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

REVITALISASI BANGUNAN VAN DORP

SEBAGAI RUMAH BUDAYA

  

Tema Desain

ARSITEKTUR MODERN KONTEKSTUAL DI KAWASAN KOLONIAL

Fokus Kajian

KESELARASAN ANTARA BANGUNAN BARU DENGAN BANGUNAN

YANG DIKONSERVASI DAN LINGKUNGAN SEKITARNYA

  

Disusun untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

Disusun oleh:

  

Livia Noviana Kurniawan 10.11.0008

Dosen Pembimbing:

Ir. Yulita Titik S., MT.

  

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

April, 2014

KATA PENGANTAR

  Puji Syukur kepada Tuhan YME atas berkat dan rahmat-Nya sehingga penyusun mampu menyelesaikan penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program Projek Akhir Arsitektur LXV yang berjudul Revitalisasi Bangunan Van Dorp Sebagai Rumah Budaya ini.

  Penusun menyadari bahwa Landasan Teori dan Program ini belum sempurna, disebabkan oleh keterbatasan kemampuan dan pengetahuan yang penyusun miliki. Dalam proses penyusunan LTP, penyusun mendapatkan banyak ilmu, dukungan, doa serta materi dari berbagai pihak. Maka dari itu, penyusun ingin menyampaikan rasa terima kasih kepada:

  1. Ir.Yulita Titik S.,MT, selaku dosen pembimbing yang selalu sedia membimbing dan mengarahkan penyusun sehingga penyusun dapat menyelesaikan tahap LTP dengan baik.

  2. Tim dosen Review, yang telah memberikan masukan-masukan yang penting demi kesempurnaan Landasan Teori dan Program ini.

  3. Orang tua, adik dan seluruh keluarga, yang telah memberikan dukungan materi, doa dan semangat selama studi dan penyusunan tugas akhir.

  4. Teman-teman dan rekan-rekan mahasiswa peserta PAA LXV, yang telah memberikan semangat dan masukan-masukan selama penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program ini.

  5. Pihak-pihak lain, yang telah mebantu penyusun baik secara langsung-tidak langsung, moril-materiil hingga terselesaikannya Landasan Teori dan Program ini. Akhir kata, penyusun mohon maaf bila terdapat hal-hal yang kurang berkenan pada isi Landasan Teori dan Program ini. Penyusun berharap semoga laporan ini dapat bermanfaat tidak hanya bagi penyusun, tetapi juga bermanfaat bagi pihak- pihak lain yang berkepentingan.

  Semarang, 16 April 2014 Penyusun

  DAFTAR ISI

  Cover ........................................................................................................... i Halaman Pengesahan ................................................................................... ii-iii Surat Pernyataan ............................................................................................ iv Kata Pengantar ............................................................................................ v Daftar Isi ....................................................................................................... vi Daftar Gambar .............................................................................................. x Daftar Tabel .................................................................................................. xiii

  BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................. 1

  1.1 Latar Belakang Projek ...................................................................... 1

  1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ................................................... 12

  1.2.1 Tujuan Pembahasan ........................................................................ 12

  1.2.2 Sasaran Pembahasan ...................................................................... 12

  1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan ....................................................................... 13

  1.3.1 Ruang Lingkup Substansial .............................................................. 13

  1.3.2 Ruang Lingkup Spasial ...................................................................... 13

  1.4 Metoda Pembahasan ........................................................................ 13

  1.4.1 Metoda Pengumpulan Data .............................................................. 13

  1.4.1.1 Metoda Pengumpulan Data Primer .................................................. 13

  1.4.1.2 Metoda Pengumpulan Data Sekunder ............................................. 14

  1.4.2 Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa ..................................................... 15

  1.4.3 Metoda Pemrograman ...................................................................... 15

  1.4.4 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ....................................................... 15

  1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ................................................................. 16

  BAB II TINJAUAN PROJEK ......................................................................... 18

  2.1 Tinjauan Umum ................................................................................ 18

  2.1.1 Gambaran Umum .............................................................................. 18

  2.1.1.1 Kawasan Kota Lama Semarang dan Bangunan Van Dorp ............... 18

  2.1.1.2 Konservasi

• – Revitalisasi ................................................................... 30

  A. PENGERTIAN ................................................................................... 30

  B. SASARAN ......................................................................................... 31

  C. LINGKUP ........................................................................................ 31

  D. MANFAAT ........................................................................................ 32

  E. PERAN ARSITEK ............................................................................. 32

  F. DASAR PELESTARIAN BANGUNAN CAGAR BUDAYA ............... 34

  H. DASAR HUKUM .............................................................................. 35

  I. PROSES REGISTRASI DAN SERTIFIKASI .................................... 37 J. GOLONGAN BANGUNAN CAGAR BUDAYA .................................. 38 K. PRINSIP – PRINSIP TEKNIS ........................................................... 40 L. CARA

• – CARA PELAKSANAAN ...................................................... 41

  2.1.1.3 Rumah Budaya ................................................................................. 44

  2.1.2 Latar Belakang

• – Perkembangan – Tren .......................................... 45

  2.1.2.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................. 45

  2.1.2.2 Perkembangan .................................................................................. 46

  2.1.2.3 Tren ................................................................................................... 47

  2.1.3 Sasaran yang akan Dicapai .............................................................. 49

  2.2 Tinjauan Khusus ............................................................................... 50

  2.2.1 Terminologi ....................................................................................... 50

  2.2.1.1 Terminologi Revitalisasi .................................................................... 50

  2.2.1.2 Terminologi Rumah Budaya ............................................................. 51

  2.2.2 Kegiatan ........................................................................................... 56

  2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ................................................. 59

  2.2.3.1 Arsitektur .......................................................................................... 59

  2.2.3.2 Bangunan ......................................................................................... 60

  2.2.3.3 Lingkungan ....................................................................................... 62

  2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Kota .................................................................... 62

  2.2.4.1 Tinjauan Umum Kota Semarang ...................................................... 62

  2.2.4.2 Urgency

• – Relevancy Proyek ........................................................... 64

  2.2.4.3 Urban Issue ...................................................................................... 64

  2.2.5 Kajian terhadap Proyek Sejenis ........................................................ 65

  2.2.5.1 Museum Bank Indonesia .................................................................. 65

  2.2.5.2 Tembi Rumah Budaya ..................................................................... 67

  2.2.6 Permasalahan Desain ...................................................................... 73

• – Pola Kegiatan – Sifat Kegiatan ......................................... 83
• – Aktivitas – Kebutuhan Ruang ................................... 95

  3.2.3 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi ............................................................ 122

  4.1.3 Aspek Fungsi .....................................................................................144

  4.1.2 Performance Arsitektural ................................................................. 143

  4.1.1 Aspek Citra ........................................................................................ 143

  4.1 Konsep Program ................................................................................143

  BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ................................................................ 143

  3.7 Analisa Ploting Area Dalam Bangunan Van Dorp ............................. 141

  3.6 Analisa Eksisting Bangunan dan Lingkungan Van Dorp .................... 139

  3.5 Analisa Strategi Desain ....................................................................... 138

  3.4 Strategi Konservasi ............................................................................. 137

  3.3.3 Potensi Kawasan Kota Lama Semarang .......................................... 128

  3.3.2 Aspek Amenitas Buatan ................................................................... 124

  3.3.1 Aspek Amenitas Alami ...................................................................... 122

  3.3 Analisa Konteks Lingkungan

  3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas ......................................................................... 108

  3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ................................................ 104

  3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ............................................ 104

  3.1.2.2 Besaran Seluruh Lantai Bangunan - Besaran Ruang ....................... 97

  3.1.2.1 Studi Pelaku

  3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas .................................................................................. 95

  3.1.1.3 Pelaku

  3.1.1.2 Kategorisasi .................................................................................... 78

  3.1.1.1 Pengelompokan Aktivitas ................................................................. 76

  3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas ................................................................................... 76

  3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ......................................................... 76

  2.3.3 Anggapan ......................................................................................... 75

  2.3.2 Batasan ............................................................................................ 75

  2.3.1 Kesimpulan ....................................................................................... 74

  2.3 Kesimpulan, Batasan dan Anggapan ................................................ 74

• – Studi Eksisting Tapak ...................... 122

  4.1.5 Aspek Ramah Lingkungan ................................................................ 144

  4.2 Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ..................................................................................... 144

  4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan (Design Objective) ........................................... 144

  4.2.2 Faktor

• – Faktor Penentu Perancangan (Design Determinant) ......... 145

  4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan (Design Requirement) ................ 149

  4.3.1 Program Kegiatan ............................................................................ 150

  4.3.1.1 Program Besaran Seluruh Luas Lantai

• – Besaran Ruang ............... 150

  4.3.1.2 Pola Ruang ...................................................................................... 150

  4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur .................................................................. 141

  4.3.3 Program Sistem Utilitas .................................................................. 153

  4.3.4 Program Lokasi dan Tapak ............................................................. 157

  4.3.5 Program Penanggulangan Masalah Rob ........................................... 158

  BAB V KAJIAN TEORI ................................................................................. 159

  5.1 Kajian Teori Tema Desain ............................................................... 159

  5.1.1 Latar Belakang Penekanan Desain .................................................. 159

  5.1.2 Landasan Teori Arsitektur Modern .................................................... 160

  5.1.3 Studi Preseden ................................................................................. 164

  5.1.4 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Penekanan Desain ........................ 165

  5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ............................................... 166

  5.2.1 Latar Belakang Permasalahan Dominan .......................................... 166

  5.2.2 Landasan Teori Permasalahan Dominan ......................................... 167

  5.2.3 Studi Preseden ................................................................................. 167

  5.2.4 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan ................ 170 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................171 LAMPIRAN

  DAFTAR GAMBAR Gb. 1.1 Jembatan Mberok dan sekitarnya pada jaman dahulu ............................................

  70 Gb. 2.20 Interior Bangunan Rumah Makan Tembi .............................................................

  68 Gb. 2.14 Kamar Inap Tembi ................................................................................................

  69 Gb. 2.15 Meja Rias yang Antik ............................................................................................

  69 Gb. 2.16 Kamar Mandi Tamu Inap yang Menyatu ...............................................................

  69 Gb. 2.17 Kolam Renang di Tembi .......................................................................................

  69 Gb. 2.18 Kolam Ikan Menjorok Masuk Kebagian Bawah Bangunan ..................................

  70 Gb. 2.19 Kolam Ikan dengan Vegetasi Ditepinya ...............................................................

  70 Gb. 2.21 Etalase Toko di Rumah Makan ............................................................................

  68 Gb. 2.12 Konstruksi Joglo pada Tembi ................................................................................

  70 Gb. 2.22 Toko Souvenir Tembi ...........................................................................................

  70 Gb. 2.23 Ruang Pertemuan Tembi .....................................................................................

  71 Gb. 2.24 Ruang Kursus Broadcasting, Tembi ....................................................................

  71 Gb. 2.25 Ruang Kursus Tari Tradisional, Tembi .................................................................

  71 Gb. 2.26 Ruang Pameran dengan Etalase ..........................................................................

  72 Gb. 2.27 Ruang Pameran 3 Dimensi ...................................................................................

  72 Gb. 2.28 Ruang Pameran 2 Dimensi ...................................................................................

  68 Gb. 2.13 Ruang Gamelan Tembi .........................................................................................

  67 Gb. 2.11 Selasar Ruang Pentas Seni Tembi .......................................................................

  2 Gb. 1.2 Jembatan Mberok dan sekitarnya pada saat ini ......................................................

  8 Gb. 2.1 Bangunan Van Dorp Tahun .....................................................................................

  2 Gb. 1.3 Tampak Gudang 2 dari Jalan Branjangan ...............................................................

  3 Gb. 1.4 Tampak Gudang 2 dari Jalan Garuda ......................................................................

  3 Gb. 1.5 Tampak Gudang 1 dari Jalan Branjangan ................................................................

  3 Gb. 1.6 Data Eksisting Tapak ...............................................................................................

  3 Gb. 1.7 Tampak Van Dorp dari Jalan Branjangan ................................................................

  3 Gb. 1.8 Tampak Van Dorp dari Jalan Letjen Suprapto .........................................................

  3 Gb. 1.9 Peta Peruntukan Bangunan di Kota Lama Semarang .............................................

  29 Gb. 2.2 Bangunan Van Dorp pada saat menjadi Kantor IAI ................................................

  67 Gb. 2.10 Interior Ruang Pameran ........................................................................................

  29 Gb. 2.3 Diagram Pelestarian menurut Prof.Dr.Mundardjito ..................................................

  41 Gb. 2.4 Diagram Pola Pikir Penyusun ..................................................................................

  49 Gb. 2.5 Peta Jawa Tengah ..................................................................................................

  63 Gb. 2.6 Keramik Asli Museum Bank Indonesia ..................................................................

  66 Gb. 2.7 Tampak Depan Museum Bank Indonesia ...............................................................

  67 Gb. 2.8 Interior Entrance Bangunan ....................................................................................

  67 Gb. 2.9 Jam Kuno ................................................................................................................

  72

  Gb. 2.29 Interior Ruang Museum Madyasuro (1) .................................................................

  73 Gb. 2.30 Interior Ruang Museum Madyasuro (2) ................................................................

  73 Gb. 2.31 Amphitheatre di Tembi ..........................................................................................

  73 Gb. 3.1 Diagram Struktur Organisasi Pengelola Rumah Budaya Nusantara .......................

  82 Gb. 3.2 Pola Kegiatan Direktur ............................................................................................

  87 Gb. 3.3 Pola Kegiatan Manajer ............................................................................................

  88 Gb. 3.4 Pola Kegiatan Sekretaris .........................................................................................

  88 Gb. 3.5 Pola Kegiatan Karyawan ..........................................................................................

  89 Gb. 3.6 Pola Kegiatan Petugas .............................................................................................

  89 Gb. 3.7 Pola Kegiatan Bagian Keuangan .............................................................................

  89 Gb. 3.8 Pola Kegiatan Kepala Bagian Eksternal ..................................................................

  90 Gb. 3.9 Pola Kepala Bagian Internal ....................................................................................

  90 Gb. 3.10 Pola Staff Administrasi ............................................................................................ 90 Gb. 3.11 Pola Staff Teknisi ...................................................................................................

  91 Gb. 3.12 Pola Staff Keamanan .............................................................................................

  91 Gb. 3.13 Pola Staff Humas, Publikasi dan Marketing ............................................................ 91

  Gb. 3.14 Pola Kegiatan Receptionist ..................................................................................... 92 Gb. 3.15 Pola Kegiatan Petugas Informasi ............................................................................ 92 Gb.3.16 Pola Kegiatan Bendahara ........................................................................................

  92 Gb. 3.17 Pola Kegiatan Staff Ticketing .................................................................................. 93

  Gb. 3.18 Pola Kegiatan Internal Auditor ................................................................................. 93 Gb. 3.19 Kondisi Dinding Gudang 1 ........................................................................................ 105 Gb. 3.20 Kondisi Struktur Gudang 1 ...................................................................................... 105 Gb. 3.21 Kondisi Kolom Van Dorp .......................................................................................... 105 Gb. 3.22 Denah Lantai Dasar ................................................................................................. 105 Gb. 3.23 Kondisi kolom Gudang 1 .......................................................................................... 105 Gb. 3.24 Kondisi Lantai Gudang 1 ......................................................................................... 107 Gb. 3.25 Kondisi Lantai Tegel Gudang 1 ............................................................................... 107 Gb. 3.26 Kondisi Lantai Tegel Van Dorp ............................................................................... 107 Gb. 3.27 Kondisi Lantai Kayu Van Dorp ................................................................................ 107 Gb. 3.28 Exhaust Fan ............................................................................................................ 109 Gb. 3.29 Skema Cara Kerja AC Central ................................................................................ 109 Gb. 3.30 Aplikasi Spot Light pada Ruang Pameran .............................................................. 112 Gb. 3.31 Acourete Mat Resin ................................................................................................ 115 Gb. 3.32 Peta EksistingTapak ............................................................................................... 127 Gb. 3.33 Peta Grafis Tapak .................................................................................................. 128 Gb. 3.34 Kantor ITC ............................................................................................................... 129 Gb. 3.35 Rumah Makan IBC ................................................................................................. 129 Gb. 3.36 Jendela Rumah Makan IBC ................................................................................... 130

  Gb. 3.37 Kantor PT Telkom ................................................................................................... 130 Gb. 3.38 Gereja Blenduk ....................................................................................................... 131 Gb. 3.39 Gedung Marba ........................................................................................................ 131 Gb. 3.40 Koperasi Semarang ................................................................................................ 132 Gb. 3.41 PT.Jutarasa Abadi .................................................................................................. 132 Gb. 3.42 Perusahaan Asuransi Jiwa Sraya .......................................................................... 133 Gb. 3.43 Roode Driehoek ..................................................................................................... 133 Gb. 3.44 Bangunan di Jalan Garuda .................................................................................... 134 Gb. 3.45 Kantor PPAT .......................................................................................................... 134 Gb. 3.46 PT.Usaha Jasa Pengurusan Transportasi ............................................................. 135 Gb. 3.47 Bank Mandiri .......................................................................................................... 135 Gb. 3.48 Bangunan di Jalan Let.Jend.Suprapto ................................................................... 136 Gb. 3.49 Bangunan Van Dorp di Jalan Let.Jend.Suprapto .................................................. 138 Gb. 3.50 Bangunan Van Dorp di Jalan Branjangan ............................................................. 138 Gb. 3.51 Siteplan Bangunan Van Dorp dan Sekitarnya ....................................................... 140 Gb. 3.52 Potongan Bangunan Van Dorp ............................................................................. 140 Gb. 3.53 Tampak Bangunan Van Dorp ............................................................................ 140 Gb. 3.54 Denah Lt.1 Bangunan Van Dorp ........................................................................... 141 Gb. 3.55 Denah Lt.2 Bangunan Van Dorp ........................................................................... 141 Gb. 3.56 Denah Eksisting Gudang 1 .................................................................................... 142 Gb. 3.57 Denah Eksisting Gudang 2 .................................................................................... 142 Gb. 4.1 Perkiraan Layout Rumah Makan ............................................................................ 148 Gb. 4.2 Diagram Pola Ruang ............................................................................................... 150 Gb. 4.3 Aplikasi Lampu Sorot di Dalam Lantai .................................................................... 152 Gb. 4.4 Ploting Kanal Penanggulangan Masalah Rob ........................................................ 158 Gb. 4.5 Rencana Kanal Kota Lama Semarang ................................................................... 158 Gb.5.1 Bagan Latar Belakang Penentuan Penekanan Desain ............................................. 159 Gb. 5.2 Tangga Model Kuno MBI ......................................................................................... 164 Gb. 5.3 Interior Museum Bank Indonesia .............................................................................. 164 Gb. 5.4 Souvenir Shop MBI ................................................................................................... 164 Gb. 5.5 Layout dan Interior Ruang Pamer ............................................................................ 164 Gb. 5.6 Diagram Arsitektur Modern Kontekstual di Kawasan Kolonial ................................. 165 Gb. 5.7 Bagan Latar Belakang Penentuan Permasalahan Dominan ..................................... 166 Gb. 5.8 Kolom pada Museum Bank Indonesia ...................................................................... 168 Gb. 5.9 Dinding dan Lantai MBI ............................................................................................. 168 Gb. 5.10 Jendela Museum Bank Indonesia ........................................................................... 169 Gb. 5.11 Rooster Museum Bank Indonesia ........................................................................... 169

  DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Nama Bangunan Konservasi di Kawasan Kota Lama Semarang .........................

  19 Tabel 2.2 Fasilitas, Pelaku, dan Peralatan dalam Blok Pelayanan Publik ............................

  56 Tabel 2.3 Kegiatan dan Fasilitas dalam Blok Pelayanan Publik ...........................................

  57 Tabel 2.4 Fasilitas, Pelaku, dan Peralatan Dalam Blok Administrasi Internal .......................

  58 Tabel 2.5 Kegiatan dan Fasilitas dalam Blok Administrasi Internal ....................................... 59

Tabel 3.1 Pengelompokan Pelaku ......................................................................................... 83Tabel 3.2 Pendekatan Jumlah Pelaku .................................................................................... 84Tabel 3.3 Data Jumlah Pengunjung Tembi Rumah Budaya .................................................. 85 Tabel 3.4 Bobot Jumlah Pengunjung dalam 1 Tahun ...........................................................

  87 Tabel 3.5 Kegiatan Utama ..................................................................................................... 93