THE CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES IN QUR’ANIC VERSES
Budihardjo; Novi Tazkiyatun Nihayah
IAIN Salatiga Jawa Tengah Indonesia E-Mail: budi_stain@yahoo.co.id
Abstract : Character education is one of the main goals of education. Character education is important due to the common believe that there is the degeneration of ethic and moral of the learners, and also due the rise of juvenile delinquency. Then, character education comes to recover it. Character education can be integrated in various aspects, such as in study al- Qur’ān. The integration between character education and the interpretation of al-Qur’an will make new insight of character education. Moreover, it will be strengthened by the words of Allah. This particular research is intended to reveal whether studies about character education in al-Qur’an will provide a particular kind of character education based on Qur’anic verses, and whether there is any relevance between character education as presented in Qur’anic verses with those presented in curriculum 2013?. To answer these questions, the researcher used descriptive comparative approach, library research as the kind of research, and the use of documentary for collecting the data. This study shows that there are some character education as presented in Qur’anic verses and that there is a relevance between character education values in curriculum 2013 and character education in Qur’anic verses. From the relevance, it is concluded that the character education as presented in Qur’anic verses suggest similar goals as the character education value in curriculum 2013.
Keyword : Character Education, Curriculum 2013, Character Education Value, Character Education in Al-Qur’an
Abstrak: Pendidikan karakter merupakan salah satu tujuan utama dari pendidikan itu sendiri. Pendidikan karakter sangat penting diajarkan kepada peserta didik lantaran adanya kepercayaan di kalangan masyarakat bahwa dewasa ini telah terjadi degradasi moral dan kenakalan pada peserta didik. Sehingga hadirnya pendidikan karakter dirasa sangat penting untuk memulihkan problem di atas. Apalagi, jika pendidikan karakter itu diintegrasikan dengan nilai-nilai pendidikan yang ada dalam studi al-Qur’an. Untuk itu penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengungkapkan bagaimana studi tentang pendidikan karakter jika dikaitkan dalam perspektif al-Qur’an?, dan apakah ada relevansi antara pendidikan karakter seperti yang disajikan dalam ayat-ayat al-Qur’an dengan yang disajikan dalam kurikulum 2013?. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan ini, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan komparatif deskriptif, penelitian kepustakaan sebagai jenis penelitian, dan penggunaan dokumenter untuk mengumpulkan data. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa pendidikan karakter seperti yang disajikan dalam ayat-ayat al-Quran, dan ditemukan ada relevansi antara nilai pendidikan karakter dalam kurikulum 2013 dan pendidikan karakter dalam ayat-ayat al-Qur’an. Begitu juga ditemukan bahwa nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter sebagaimana yang terdapat dalam ayat-ayat al-Qur’an, ternyata selaras dengan nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter yang ada dalam kurikulum 2013.
Kata kunci: Pendidikan Karakter, Kurikulum 2013, Nilai Pendidikan Karakter, Pendidikan Karakter dalam Al-Qur’an.
PROFETIKA, Jurnal Studi Islam, Vol. 17, No. 2, Desember 2016: 93-112
INTRODUCTION
the nation; Third, education as medium to
Islam is the religion for all human, the internalize two aspects i.e. the re-activation rahmatan-lil’alamin. All tenets of Islam are of the glory of our ancestors’ culture,
based on the eternal unchangeable divine innovative and competitive character revelation. This divine revelation from that are concerted in all national life and Allah is embodied in al-Qur’ān. The holy government principles. 2 al-Qur’ān consists of tenet, command and
Character education, appear as the direction of lives and one of them is about weapon against the criticalities of moral. education. Education is the important point Educational character is a systematic that has to be carried out by Muslim, because educational program to help student education is obligation that has similar in understanding the values of human encouragement like praying, fasting and behavior to their God, their own being, their
others obligations of religion 1 . Rasulullah humanity, their environment, and their PBUH said:
nation that should be manifested in their thinking, attitude, feeling, words, attitudes
ِّلُك ىَلَع ٌةَضيِرَف ِمْلِعْلا َبَلَط َّنِإَف ،ِينِّصلِب ْوَلَو َمْلِعْلا اوُبُلْطا and behaviours. It shall be based on
ٍمِلْسُم religious norms, laws, politeness, culture,
and traditions. 3
There are 18 Meaning: Seek the knowledge until th character listed on China, Indeed seeking knowledge is the character education in curricullum 2013.
duty for Moslems (H.R. Ibnu Majjah, 1997: Those are: religious, honest, tolerant, No.224)
discipline, work hard, creative, independent,
Education based on UU No. 20 Years democratic, inquiring, nationalism, 2003 about SISDIKNAS (National System achievement appreciate, friendliness, peace of Education) is directed to developing loving, delight in reading, environmental student’s potential to be faithful human, concern, social concern and responsible. obidient to Allah, having noble character, Those eighteen characters are expected to healthy, knowledgeable, clever, creative, upgrade human resources of our nation, independent, and democratic as well as in order to achieve educational purposes responsible citizen (section 3). It has been optimally. widely known that lots citizen do not
have noble character as they commit the DISCUSSION
corruption, drug abuse, and violences. They Dealing with the important of character
are also very consumptive, irresponsible, building, Al-Qur’ān is the most precise that contradict the purpose of national source, it also teachs character building education.
for the nation. Al-Qur’ān is an everlasting
Education is an institutional mechanism islamic miracle, which the validity of it 4
that will accelerate nation’s character proven by the progress of knowledge. So, building and a medium to achieve three in this article the researcher will explain principals in nation’s character building, about the character education of curriculum those are: First, education as a medium to 2013 based on the Qur’anic verses. re-activate noble characters of Indonesia; Second, education as a medium of acceleration of character development of
2 Muslich, Masnur. Pendidikan Karakter: Menjawab
nation and the mobilization of domestic Tantangan Krisis Multidimensional. Jakarta: Bumi
Aksara. 2011.p.3
potential to upgrade competitiveness of 3 Listyarti, Retno. Pendidikan Karakter: dalam Metode
Aktif, Inovatif, & Kreatif. Yogyakarta: Erlangga Group. 1 Mustaqim, Abdul. Menjadi Orang tua Bijak: Solusi
2012. P.4
Kreatif Menangani Berbagai Masalah Pada Anak. 4 Al-Qaththan, Manna’. Pengantar Studi Ilmu Al- Bandung: Mizan Media Utama (MMU). 2005. p.13
Qur’an. Jakarta: Pustaka Al- Kautsar. 2004. pp.3
The Character Education ... (Richie Fajar)
1. Explanation
behavior, moral, personality of someone
a. Definition of Character Education that formed from the internalization In order to comprehend the
of various virtues and underline meaning of character education it
perspective, thinking, attitudes, and the should be understood the definition
way people act. The virtue consists of a of both “education” and “character”.
number of values, morals, and norm such The word “Education” derived from
as honesty, courage act, trustworthiness, Latin “ Educere” that means to lead
and respect to others. forth. Furthermore, terminologically
Character education is an education education is the process of providing
system with invest values accordance knowledge, skill, competence or the use
with the nation’s culture and knowledge of desirable qualities of behaviour or
aspect s , feels of affection, and actions, character of being, provided by a formal
both a g ainst Almighty God either for course of study, instruction or training
themse l ves, the communities and the (Webster, 1981: 723). The Encyclopedia 8 nation.
International defines education as an Ki Haj a r Devantoro defines increase of skill or development of
character education as a planned effort knowledge and understanding as a
to make students know, care about and result of training, study, or experience. 5 intern a lize the values, so that students
Education goes in all societies for, in behave as a perfect man. Accordingly, order to survive, a society must pass
the go a l of character education is to on basic skills, information, and beliefs
improv e the quality implementation from one generation to the next.
and ou t comes of education in schools Etymologically the term “character”
throug h the formation of character comes from Greek “ charassein” “kharax”
of stu d ents as a whole, integrated, which means tools for making or to
and ba l anced, in accorance with the Engrave. Like the carvings that are
competency standards. 9 attached to the objects are carved,
David E lkind and Freddy Sweet the character is also attached to the
Ph.D. i nterpret the character education individual, because of it character is
as the deliberate effort to help people defined moral or mental nature, mental
unders t and, care about, and act upon or moral qualities that make one person, 10 core e t hical values. It is strongly
race etc different from others. 6 associ a ted with the term “character”, According to Imam Ghozali, the
that mapped directly in our minds to the term character is closer to the term of
future of our students, where they can moral, i.e. the human spontaneity in the
assess “what is right, have deep concern act, or acts that are fused in a man who
about w hat is right, and then do what does not need to think anymore when
they believe to be right, even in the face the attitude is appear (Koesoma, 2011:
of pressure from without and temptation 8). 7
from within”.
Character is like carving out, and From the explanation above, it can then the forming of character can be
be concluded that character education is described as a man carves on a stone
an edu c ation system that is performed or hard surfaces metal. Character is
by ins t illing noble values , morals,
5 Encyclopedia International Vol. 5. New York: Grolier 8 Afan d i, Rifki. Integrasi P endidikan Karakter dalam Incorporated. 1973. Pp.247
Pembelajaran IPS di Sekolah. Pedagogia vol. 1, No. 6 Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
1, Desember 2011. Pp. 88
Of Current English. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 9 Hary a nto. Pendidikan Karakter Menurut Ki Hajar 1974. Pp.140
Dewantoro.Pdf: UNY. Pp.4
7 Koesoema, Doni. Pendidikan Karakter: Untuh dan 10 Syahroni. Konsep Pendidikan Karakter. PDF [online]. Menyeluruh. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. 2012.pp.8
Availab l e at http://lampung.kemenag.go.id accessed February 4 th 2014 at 11.20. pp.3
PROFETIKA, Jurnal Studi Islam, Vol. 17, No. 2, Desember 2016: 93-112 ethics and culture of any material that
That is, the value contained in Pancasila can help individuals learn to live and
become the values that govern the work together as a family, society and
political, legal, economic, social, cultural, nation. So learning system is not only
and artistic set fo r th in the articles emphasize the cognitive aspects, but also
of the 1945 Constit u tion. Character psychomotor and affective aims to make
education aims to p r epare students to qualified individuals.
be better citizens, who have the ability,
b. Character Education Values willingness, and a p ply the values of The values in the educational
Pancasila in their lives as citizens. development of the nation’s culture and
e. Culture
character ac c ording to the Guideline Culture is human development of Development C ulture and Character
the human powers ; development of the Education Na t ion identified from the
body, mind and spirit by training and
11 following sources: 15 experience. Culture is a truth that no
c. Religion man is living in a society without cultural Religion in Arabic is “ نيدلا “ which
values of the community recognized. comes from the word نيد compiled by
The cult u ral values become the basis the letter da’(د), ya’(ي), nun(ن) 12 then
of the i n terpretation of the concept it constitutes and derives word such
and mean i ng of the co m munication as نيدلا word (religion) , نيدلا (Debt) ,
among the community members. Such ةنادا (conviction) , ةنيدم (Cities) ندم , (to
an impor t ant position in the cultural civilize) , ندتم (cilivization). 13 From these
life, cu l ture become v alues sources of explanations in Arabic literatur, religion
character education. is very closely related to society and
f.. The Objective of National Education civilization. Friedrich Schleiermacher
National education goals reflect defines that religion is “ feeling of
the quality of every Indonesian citizen, absolute dependence “ - as contrasted
was deve l oped by various educational to other absolute , relative feeling of 16 units at various levels and lines. In
dependence. 14 the nati o nal education goals there are Therefore the life of the individual ,
different grades of humanity that must society , and nation is always based on
be inte r nalized by Indonesian citizens. religious teachings and beliefs. Politically
Therefore, the goal of national education life of the state is based on values derived
is the m ost operational source in the from religion. On the basis of these
develop m ent of character education considerations , the values of character
compared to the three sources mentioned education should be based on the values
earlier.
and principles derived from religion. Based o n the four values sources
d. Pancasila above, then the identified 18 values The Republic of Indonesia upheld
that have been developed in the nation’s by the principles of nationhood and
culture and character education by the statehood called Pancasila. Pancasila
Ministry of Education and Culture are as contained in the 1945 Constitution
follow 17 :
and further elaborated in the articles contained in the 1945 Constitution.
15 Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 11 Suyadi. Mencegah Bahaya Penyalahgunaan Narkoba
Of Current English. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Melalui Pendidikan Budaya dan Karakter Bangsa.
1974. pp.210
Yogyakarta: ANDI. 2013. pp.37 16 Afandi, Rifki. Integrasi Pendidikan Karakter dalam 12 Maqoyisul Lughoh
Pembelajaran IPS di Sekolah. Pedagogia vol. 1, No. 13 Zakiyyudin. Definition of Religion.ppt. STAIN. 2011.
1, Desember 2011. Pp.91
P.2 17 Listyarti, Retno. Pendidikan Karakter: dalam Metode 14 Eliade, Mircea. The Encyclopedia of Religion Vol. 11.
Aktif, Inovatif, & Kreatif. Yogyakarta: Erlangga Group. New York: Macmillan Library Reference. 1995.pp.283
2012. Pp.5-8
The Character Education ... (Richie Fajar)
No. Values
Descriptions
Attitudes and behavior of the obedient in carrying out their religion, a. Religious
tolerant implementation of worship of other religions, and live in harmony with other religions.
b. Honest Behavior based on an attempt to make himself as one who can always be
trusted in words, actions, and employment. Attitudes and actions of respect to the differences of religion, race,
c. Tolerance ethnicity, opinions, attitudes and actions of others who are different from themselves.
Measures indicating orderly and obedient behavior on various rules and d. Discipline
regulations.
e. Hard work The behavior that indicate an earnest effort to overcome barriers of learning and completing assignments and tasks as well as possible.
f. Creative Think and do something to produces new ways or results based on what
students have.
g. Independence Uneasy attitude and behavior to depend on other in completing the task. h. Democratic
The way of thing and behave that balancing between rights and obligations of oneself and others.
i. Curiosity Attitudes and actions are resulted from the deeper and wider questioning
on what students have learnt, seen, and heard.
Spirit of Nationality The way of think, act, and insight, that set the needs of the nation beyond
j.
the self-interest and group interest. The way of think, and act that exhibit loyalty, care, and high appreciation
k. Nationalism of language, physical environment, social, cultural, economic, and national policy.
Rewarding Attitudes and actions that encourage students to produce something
l. Achievement useful for society, and recognize the success of others. m. Friendliness
Acts that show enthusiasm to mingle, make friend, and cooperate with other students. Attitudes , words and actions that make other people feel happy and safe
n. Peace Loving
over one’s presence.
o. Reading Interest Sparing time habit to read the various reading materials that provide virtue for students.
p. Social Concern Attitudes and actions always want to help others who are in need in the
communities.
Environmental q. Prevent damage action to the surrounding natural environment, and Concern
develop to compensate the occurred damage. The attitude and behavioral of students to carry out duties and obligations
r. Responsible that they have, for themselves, for the society, the environment, the state, and the Almighty God.
2. Character Education Values in Qur’anic
to Rokeach and Bank, religiosity is an
Verses
attitude or consciousness emerged
a. Religiousity based on the belief of religion. 19 Religiosity is the noun form of
Religiosity is not identical religious, means behaving a strong
with religion. Religion refers to the
institutional, the worship of God, the 2013 religiosity is attitudes and behavior
belief in a religion. 18 In the curriculum
formal aspect, juridical, regulations of the obedient in carrying out their
and laws. Religiosity tend to look at the religion, tolerant implementation of
inside of heart. Then, the understanding worship of other religions, and live in harmony with other religions. According
19 Sahlan, Asmaun. Mewujudkan Budaya Religius di 18 Oxford Wordpower. New York: Oxford University
Sekolah: Upaya Mengembangkan PAI dari Teori ke Press. 2006. Pp.647
Aksi. Malang: UIN- Maliki Press. 2009. Pp.66
PROFETIKA, Jurnal Studi Islam, Vol. 17, No. 2, Desember 2016: 93-112 of religiosity is broader than religion. 20 (man and woman), and also supporting
Religious in curriculum 2013 many religious activities of various means an attitudes and behavior of the
religious organization in school etc. obedient in carrying out their religion,
b. Honesty
tolerant implementation of worship of To be honest is not to tell lies, not other religions, and live in harmony
to cheat or to steal. Straightforwardly, with other religions. 23 honesty is the quality of being honest.
Those explanations are in line with In Curriculum 2013 honesty is a behavior the words of Allah SWT:
based on an attempt to make himself as one who can always be trusted in
ىَروُش ْمُهُرْمَأَو َةلاَّصلا اوُماَقَأَو ْمِِّبَرِل اوُباَجَتْسا َنيِذَّلاَو words, actions, and employment. َنوُقِفْنُـي ْمُهاَنْـقَزَر اَِّمَو ْمُهَـنْـيَـب The meaning of honesty suggests
Meaning: “Those who hearken to their Lord, human behavior both in words and in and establish regular Prayer; who (conduct)
deeds. Then, to know someone is honest their affairs by mutual Consultation; who or not, one shall observe the behaviors
spend out of what We bestow on them for and habits of that person within the Sustenance” (Q.S. asy-Syūrā: 38) daily life. The necessity of inculcating honest behavior in every child is the interest of every parent, teacher and the
The verse above explains that the people who will receive the reward of coomunities. Allah says:
the Hereafter are those who categorize in; faith, rely on God in all matters,
avoiding sin, and be able to control Meaning: “O ye who believe! Fear Allah
anger . 21 and be with those who are true (in word and
All of the categories described in that deed).” (Q.S. at-Taubat: 119).
verse shall not owned by someone who does not have an attitude in religiosity.
The verse above explains, about the Because according to Qurais Shihab,
right information is appropriate with this verse describes the neighbour thing
the condition, reality, and mutual accord adorn our selves, and those jewelry was
between acts and believes. 24 Honesty prepared for people who are included
has similar basic value as righteousness, in categories above. 22
and then honesty has same elements as Then, the value of religiosity is
the righteousness.
considered necessary investment in
c. Tolerance
education as internal guidelines within Tolerance is willingness to allow each individual, in order to direct all
people to be, to do, to say, or believe acts. Although sparkling modern world
what they want without criticizing offers extraordinary things, they are
them. 25 In the character education still controlled by the value.
curriculum, tolerance is attitudes and The religious activities in school
actions of respect to the differences have been implemented through
of religion, race, ethnicity, opinions, practicing prayer together between
attitudes and actions of others who are teacher and student, the obligation to
different from themselves. pray Friday prayer for every student
23 Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Of Current English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
20 Ibid.
1974. Pp.409
21 Al- Maraghi, Ahmad Mustofa. Jilid.,25. Tafsir Al- 24 Shihab, M. Quraish. Vol.5. Tafsir Al- Misbah: Pesan, Maraghi. Semarang: CV. Toha Putra. 1974. Pp.29
Kesan dan Keserasian al- Qur’an. Ciputat: Lentera 22 Shihab, M. Quraish. Vol. 12. Tafsir Al- Misbah: Pesan,
Hati. 2002. Pp.682
Kesan dan Keserasian al- Qur’an. Ciputat: Lentera 25 Longman. LONGMAN Dictionary of Contemporary Hati. 2003. Pp.511
English. UK: Longman. 1978. Pp.1674
The Character Education ... (Richie Fajar) Tolerance is an appropriate
The verse indicates the human behaviour in facing the heterogenity of
obedience to ignore the essential life to create the harmonious life under
differences between the groups that
split them one another, because tolerance is an attitude of allow and
the togetherness. 26 Etymologically
everyone are pillar of a large family. respect each other relating the others
It is also provides an overview of the beliefs without requiring approval. 27 basic principles of human relations.
Generally, tolerance is defined as giving The stronger introduction of one side freedom to his fellow man or citizens to
to others increases the opportunities for practice their faith or organize their life
mutual benefit. 28
and determine their fate, while not in
d. Discipline
contradiction with the requirements of Discipline is a way of training law and peace in society.
someone so that they learn to control In social and political aspect,
their behavior and obey rules, which tolerance is an attitude of allowing
involve punishing them if they do people to have a various belief,
not obey rules. 29 In curriculum 2013, accepting the statement as a recognition
Discipline was define as measures and respect for human rights. Tolerance
indicating orderly and obedient should be based on spaciousness to
behavior on various rules and others with regard to the principles
regulations.
themselves and respecting other people. Self-discipline is the main aspects Actually, tolerance born from
of education in the family carried the Islamic character, as described in
by parents. Because they are the the Qur’an that support the ethical
responsible one in laying the foundation difference and tolerance. The Qur’an not
of life for their children. The efforts of only expects, but also accepts difference
parents and educators will be achieved, and diversity in the community. This is
when children has been able to control in accordance with the word of Allah:
their own behavior with moral values. If a child has been able to discipline
ْمُكاَنْلَعَجَو ىَثْـنُأَو ٍرَكَذ ْنِم ْمُكاَنْقَلَخ َّناِإ ُساَّنلا اَهُّـيَأ َي themselves, it means that they has the َّنِإ ْمُكاَقْـتَأ َِّللا َدْنِع ْمُكَمَرْكَأ َّنِإ اوُفَراَعَـتِل َلِئاَبَـقَو ًبوُعُش ability to anticipate, accommodate,
and control themselves in facing the
globalization. 30
Meaning: “O mankind! We created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes,
that ye may know each other (not that ye
may despise (each other). Verily the most
honoured of you in the sight of Allah is (he Meaning: “O ye who believe! When the who is) the most righteous of you. And Allah
call is proclaimed to prayer on Friday (the has full knowledge and is well acquainted
Day of Assembly), hasten earnestly to (with all things)” (Q.S. al-Hujurāt: 13).
the Remembrance of Allah, and leave off business (and traffic): That is best for you if ye but knew!” (Q.S. al-Jumu’ah: 9).
26 Juwariyah. Pendidikan Moral dalam Puisi Imam Syafii 28 Shihab, M. Quraish. Vol. 13. Tafsir Al- Misbah: Pesan, dan Ahmad Syuqi. Yogyakarta: Sukses Offset. 2008
Kesan dan Keserasian al- Qur’an. Ciputat: Lentera pp.250
Hati. 2003. Pp. 262
27 Hasyim, Umar. Toleransi dan Kemerdekaan Beragama 29 Longman. LONGMAN Dictionary of Contemporary dalam Islam Sebagai Dasar Menuju Dialog dan
English. UK: Longman. 1978. Pp.452 Kerukunan Antar Agama. Surabaya: PT. Bina Ilmu.
30 Shohib, Moh. Pola Asuh Orang Tua: Untuk Membantu 1979. Pp.22
Anak Mengembangkan Disiplin Diri. Jakarta: PT. RINEKA CIPTA. 1998. Pp. 6
PROFETIKA, Jurnal Studi Islam, Vol. 17, No. 2, Desember 2016: 93-112 This verse explains the invitation to
This verse is an explanation of the the believer to immediately fulfill the
command executing pious charity, divine call, if the call “adzan” has been
having previously described about called. 31 Hasten in the verse represented
forgiveness. This is relevant because the word “اوعساف” indicates a command to
although repentance has been obtained,
be disciplined. When it has scheduled but previous time has been filled with an important plan, then leave other
iniquity, and would not be restored things outside the plan. As told to leave
again. Relating to the hard work, this all matters when the call to prayer has
surah analogy in terms of forgiveness. called.
Although God gives opportunity to
e. Hard Working everyone to repent, but we are not Hard work is working seriously and
allowed to relax without doing pious with a lot of effort. 32 In the Curriculum
deeds. Although we have opened the 2013 hard work is behavior that indicate
doors of repentance, we still have to do an earnest effort to overcome barriers of
pious charity.
learning and completing assignments The verse commanded Prophet and tasks as well as possible.
Muhammad to convey to his people Hard work means trying hard to
that: do work because of Allah through get the maximum results. (In hadith the
variety of charities, both to our own self Prophet PBUH said:
and the general public. 34 God will judge their deeds then reward them.
ِلَمَع ْنِم َلُكَْي ْنَأ ْنِم اًرْـيَخ ،ُّطَق اًماَعَط ٌدَحَأ َلَكَأ اَم f. Creativity ْنِم ُلُكَْي َناَك ،ُمَلاَّسلا ِهْيَلَع َدُواَد َِّللا َّ ِبَن َّنِإَو ،ِهِدَي Creativity is the ability to use your
ِدَي ِلَمَع imagination to produce or use new
ideas, make thing etc. 35 “There is no single food that is better eaten According to than his own sweat foods. Verily Prophet Psychologist creativity is an ability
to make new combination based Dawud eating from the results of his own sweat. “(HR Sahih Bukhāri, 1966, No. on available data, information, and
33 2072). elements. Based on specialist said that creativity is willingness to create
something new. 36
As in the following the words of Creativity belongs to everyone, even
Allah: though each individual was different. In the world of education, developing
creativity is very important, because
ْمُتْـنُك اَِب ْمُكُئِّبَنُـيَـف ِةَداَهَّشلاَو ِبْيَغْلا ِِلاَع َلِإ َنوُّدَرُـتَسَو without creativity education will be
َنوُلَمْعَـت merely knowledge transferring process
Meaning: “And say: “Work (righteousness): whereas ideal education shall include Soon will Allah observe your work, and His
three aspects; cognitive, affective and Messenger, and the Believers: Soon will ye
psychomotoric.
be brought back to the knower of what is Understanding the talents of hidden and what is open: then will He show
children and develop their creativity you the truth of all that ye did” (Q.S. at-
is very important, if not, the talent and Taubat: 105).
34 Shihab, M. Quraish. Vol. 1. Tafsir Al- Misbah: Pesan, Kesan dan Keserasian al- Qur’an. Ciputat: Lentera
31 Shihab, M. Quraish. Vol. 14. Tafsir Al- Misbah: Pesan,
Hati. 2012. Pp. 588
Kesan dan Keserasian al- Qur’an. Ciputat: Lentera 35 Longman. LONGMAN Dictionary of Contemporary Hati. 2003. Pp. 231
English. UK: Longman. 1978. Pp.373 32 Longman. LONGMAN Dictionary of Contemporary
36 Mustaqim, Abdul. Menjadi Orang tua Bijak: Solusi English. UK: Longman. 1978. Pp.736
Kreatif Menangani Berbagai Masalah Pada Anak. 33 Shohih Bukhāri. “1966. “هديب هلمع و لجرلا باب.No. 2072
Bandung: Mizan Media Utama (MMU). 2005. Pp.117
The Character Education ... (Richie Fajar) heavens and the earth. potential will not be developed properly. 39
The prophet Muhammad commanded The characteristics of Ulul albab parents to train their children and teach
equal with the characteristics of archery, sewing, swimming, and so on.
creativity affective that has a high Therefore, it could be from the process
sense of curiosity and always creates of the exercise, the talent and creativity
innovation of new things encountered. will flourish. 37
These characteristics refer to the creative Allah SWT said:
attitude which always want to make
a new ways and discovery of what is
ِلْيَّللا ِفلاِتْخاَو ِضْرلأاَو ِتاَواَمَّسلا ِقْلَخ ِفي َّنِإ owned. ِباَبْللأا ِلولأ ٍتَيل ِراَهَّـنلاَو g. Independence
Meaning: “Behold! in the creation of the Independency is confident and able heavens and the earth, and the alternation
to do things by yourself in your own of night and day, there are indeed Signs for
way, without needing help from other people. 40 men of understanding” (Q.S. ‘Ali Imrān: In the character education 190). curriculum, independency is uneasy
attitude and behavior to depend on other in completing the task.
The verse above describes the creation of the heavens and the earth
An expert wisdom says: “If the prepared by God, and the command
child is raised in comforting, he will
learn to be selfish”. As we know that shows that Allah was created the
to think about it. 38 Those illustrations
the difference of indulgent and loving is thin, then it should be limited in
universe and its contents as the object of thinking for those who want to think. loving so that children do not fall
And who has willing to pay attention to into indulgence. These limitation can
be done by embedding independent the universe is called Ulul albab.
attitude.
ْمِِبوُنُج ىَلَعَو اًدوُعُـقَو اًماَيِق ََّللا َنوُرُكْذَي َنيِذَّلا With independent personality, a
learner can be expected to have: the principle of life, solid personality,
َتْقَلَخ اَم اَنَّـبَر ِضْرلأاَو ِتاَواَمَّسلا ِقْلَخ ِفي َنوُرَّكَفَـتَـيَو ِراَّنلا َباَذَع اَنِقَف َكَناَحْبُس لاِطَب اَذَه optimistic mental, positive thinking,
Meaning: “Men who celebrate the praises of responsible, and able to put himself Allah, standing, sitting, and lying down on
in the right position. The positive their sides, and contemplate the (wonders
benefits of independent attitude same of) creation in the heavens and the earth,
as contained in the Word of Allah: (With the thought): “Our Lord! not for
naught Hast Thou created (all) this! Glory to Thee! Give us salvation from the penalty
of the Fire.” (Q.S. ‘Ali Imrān: 191).
Ulul Albab Meaning: “For each (such person) there are
is they who have a high sense of curiosity to his surroundings. In
(angels) in succession, before and behind the verse above described characteristics
him: They guard him by command of Allah. of Ulul albab , there are; a. Always
remember God in all circumstances, 39 Shihab, M. Quraish. Vol. 2. Tafsir Al- Misbah: Pesan,
Kesan dan Keserasian al- Qur’an. Ciputat: Lentera
Hati. 2000. Pp. 293 40 Longman. LONGMAN Dictionary of Contemporary 37 Ibid. pp. 115
b. Thinking about the creation of the
English. UK: Longman. 1978. Pp.818 38 Shihab, M. Quraish. Vol. 2. Tafsir Al- Misbah: Pesan,
41 Mustaqim, Abdul. Menjadi Orang tua Bijak: Solusi Kesan dan Keserasian al- Qur’an. Ciputat: Lentera
Kreatif Menangani Berbagai Masalah Pada Anak. Hati. 2000. Pp. 290
Bandung: Mizan Media Utama (MMU). 2005. Pp.128
PROFETIKA, Jurnal Studi Islam, Vol. 17, No. 2, Desember 2016: 93-112 Verily never will Allah change the condition
such as: 44
of a people until they change what is within
1) Freedom
themselves. But when (once) Allah willeth Individual freedom in the
a people´s punishment, there can be no presence of power state or turning it back, nor will they find, besides
balance between the individual Him, any to protect.” (Q.S. ar-Ra’d: 11).
rights with the collective rights of the community.
The verse above explains that the
2) Justice
social changes of a people will not be Is a foundation of democracy, done by Allah, before they do step first. 42 it means opening up
This verse shows that Allah teaches opportunities for everyone, independence to His servant, even
and the independence of though Allah is the Powerful one, Allah
individuals for implementing still provide an opportunity to people to
neccesities without try it first.
their
violating the rights of others. This verse also explaines that in
(Common man there is an “iradah” (press and
3. Consultative
Agreement)
willpower). Iradah is equipped to human The ways to preserve freedom beings so that humans are not entirely
and fight for justice. From surrender to the will of destiny. Those
these three basic values of who do not want to use their iradah,
democracy, freedom is the most are those who are not independent and
inclined underlying intent of rely on others. Allah does not promise
democratic values promoted in anything for those who do not want to
2013. Where equality of rights try.
and obligations of human In the world of education,
beings must be upheld and independence needs to be encouraged
applied in social life. However, so that learners accustomed to do the
freedom will not run optimally task without the help of others. In
without the other values, justice addition, the independence will make
and consultative. personality grow strong and not easily influenced in everything around him.
The justice value explains that
h. Democratic every human being has the same rights Democratic is having or supporting
and obligations, and each individual equality for all member. 43 Democratic in
has the same opportunity to go ahead. the curriculum 2013 is the way to think,
However, it is restricted to not interfere behave and act the same rights and
with the rights of others. Then the control obligations judging him and others. This
of freedom and justice, embodied in the definition of democracy directs learners
value of consultative. In the sense that to understand the equality. There are no
this value aims to maintain the fight for differences between people that create
freedom and justice.
the social gap. It is in accordance with the word of According to Abdurrahman Wahid,
Allah SWT:
the value of democracy is not only a consultative, but also other basic values
42 Shihab, M. Quraish. Vol. 6. Tafsir Al- Misbah: Pesan,
Kesan dan Keserasian al- Qur’an. Ciputat: Lentera Hati. 2002. Pp. 560
44 Wahid, Abdurrahman. Dialog Pearadaban untuk 43 Oxford Wordpower. New York: Oxford University
Toleransi dan Perdamaian. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Press. 2006. Pp.208
Pustaka Utama. 2010. Pp. 162
The Character Education ... (Richie Fajar) Meaning: “Those who hearken to their Lord,
other curiosity. This is similar to the and establish regular Prayer; who (conduct)
education that develop over the times. their affairs by mutual Consultation; who
According to Donald Latumahina spend out of what We bestow on them for
in (Latumahina, 2013: 3) there are four Sustenance” (Q.S. asy-Syūrā: 38). 48 benefits of curiosity, there are:
1) It makes your mind active The verse above explains that all
instead of passive matters relating to the society, it should
Curious people always ask
be decided by consultation between questions and search for them. No authoritarian to impose
answers in their minds. Their his opinion. 45 Consultation (common
minds are always active. Since agreement) has taught by Prophet
the mind is like a muscle which Muhammad PBUH to his friend since
becomes stronger through the war. When they deal with some
continual exercise, the mental important matters, then they carry
exercise caused by curiosity parley between them, so that the matter
makes our mind stronger and can be discussed and studied together. 46 stronger.
i. Curiousity
2) It makes your mind observant Curiosity is the desire to learn about
of new ideas something or to know something. 47 When you are curious about
Curiosity is an emotion related to the something, your mind curious behavior such as; exploration,
expects and anticipates new investigation, and learning, evident
ideas related to it. When the by observation in human and many
ideas come they will soon be animal species. This term can be used to
recognized. Without curiosity, show the behavior itself caused by the
the ideas may pass right in emotion of curiosity. As an emotional,
front of you and yet you miss curiosity in an encouragement to know
them because your mind is not new things. Curiosity is the main
prepared to recognize them. driving force behind scientific research
3) It opens up new worlds and and other disciplines of human study.
possibilities
In the world of human education, By being curious you will be human curiosity developed along with
able to see new worlds and the development of human life and the
possibilities which are normally time in which they live. The historic
not visible. They are hidden period of human life from hunting and
behind the surface of normal farming are moving from one place
life, and it takes a curious mind to another, then increases to farmers
to look beneath the surface and and ranchers to finally settle in their
discover these new worlds and prefered location. These developments,
possibilities.
discuss about the curiosity that need to
4) It brings excitement into your enter in the world of education. Human
life
curiosity will never run out, when The life of curious people is far innovation appear, it would appear the
from boring. It’s neither dull nor routine. There are always
45 Shihab, M. Quraish. Vol. 12. Tafsir Al- Misbah: Pesan, Kesan dan Keserasian al- Qur’an. Ciputat: Lentera
new things that attract their
Hati. 2003. Pp. 511 46 Al- Maraghi, Ahmad Mustofa. Jilid.25. Tafsir Al-
48 Latumahina, Donald. 4 Reasons Why Curiosity is Maraghi. Semarang: CV. Toha Putra. 1974. Pp. 94
Important and How to Develop It [online]. Available at 47 Longman. LONGMAN Dictionary of Contemporary
(http://www.lifehack.org) accessed 6 Agustus 2014 at English. UK: Longman. 1978. Pp.388
PROFETIKA, Jurnal Studi Islam, Vol. 17, No. 2, Desember 2016: 93-112 attention, there are always new
characteristics of Ulul albab, as follow: ‘toys’ to play with. Instead of
1) Human (male or female), 2) Always being bored, curious people
remember Allah in all circumstances, 3) have an adventurous life.
Keep attention to the surrounding. Someone who has keep attention to From the benefits above, suggests
their surrounding is similar to someone that people who have more curiousity
who posseses curiosity. From the can interpret the essential of lives in
explanation of the verse, the Ulul albab this world. They will pay attention to
is likened with those people that have everything they see, hear or feel. As in
a high curiosity. Then, long time before the words of Allah:
the world of education has formed the cabinets, Allah has chosen candidate
ِراَهَّـنلاَو ِلْيَّللا ِفلاِتْخاَو ِضْرلأاَو ِتاَواَمَّسلا ِقْلَخ ِفي َّنا who will classified in the world اًدوُعُـقَو اًماَيِق ََّللا َنوُرُكْذَي َنيِذَّلا¤ ِباَبْللأا ِلولأ ٍتَيل education.
ِضْرلأاَو ِتاَواَمَّسلا ِقْلَخ ِفي َنوُرَّكَفَـتَـيَو ْمِِبوُنُج ىَلَعَو j. Nationalism
Nationalism is a strong love for
ِراَّنلا َباَذَع اَنِقَف َكَناَحْبُس لاِطَب اَذَه َتْقَلَخ اَم اَنَّـبَر your own country and the belief that
Meaning: “Behold! in the creation of the 51 it is better than any other country. heavens and the earth, and the alternation
Nasionalism derived from Latin “natio” of night and day, there are indeed Signs for
(a nation united natural birth) objectively men of understanding,- Men who celebrate
that nationalism is closely related to the praises of Allah, standing, sitting, and
language, race, religion, civilization, lying down on their sides, and contemplate 52 region, state, and citizenship.
the (wonders of) creation in the heavens Nationalism is an understanding anSd the earth, (With the thought): “Our
realized in a movement that crave Lord! not for naught Hast Thou created (all)
a common interest, i.e. the nation this! Glory to Thee! Give us salvation from
interests. Nationalism implies a mental the penalty of the Fire.” (Q.S. ‘Ali Imrān:
attitude, in which the supreme loyalty 190-191).
of the individual is for the nation state. 53 The keyword of nationalism is national
The verse above explains that the supreme loyalty. The loyalty arises from laws of universe which spawned the
the awareness of different collective habits, essentially defined and governed
identity from the others. However, the by Allah Almighty. Those essence form
most important thing in the presence of an invitation people to think as
of a nationalism is living and active proofs. 49 Thus the whole creation of the
coorperate will.
heavens and the earth, as an object that According to the scholars, is prepared by Allah to all human. And
nationalism is the sense of attachment who are willing to pay attention to the
( al-ashabiyah) a group of people who are creation of Allah called Ulul albab.
in a specific geographical, who have a Ulul albab are people who have
common goal to build an order of life pure sense, whose mind can not be
system. 54 Basically, nationalism was shrouded by fog ideas that can generate confusion in their thinking. They
Kesan dan Keserasian al- Qur’an. Ciputat: Lentera
pondering about the phenomena of the Hati. 2000. Pp. 291
50 universe. 51 Longman. LONGMAN Dictionary of Contemporary In verse 191 th mentioned the
English. UK: Longman. 1978. Pp.1058 52 Moesa, Ali Maschan. Nasionalisme Kiai: Konstruksi
49 Shihab, M. Quraish. Vol. 2. Tafsir Al- Misbah: Pesan, Sosial Berbasis Agama. Yogyakarta: PT LkiS Pelangi Kesan dan Keserasian al- Qur’an. Ciputat: Lentera
Aksara. 2007. Pp. 28
Hati. 2000. Pp. 290
53 Ibid. pp. 29
50 Shihab, M. Quraish. Vol. 2. Tafsir Al- Misbah: Pesan,
54 Ibid. pp. 307
The Character Education ... (Richie Fajar) built on behalf of the plurality ( al-umma),
k. Rewarding Achievement
a sense of brotherhood ( al qaumiyah), Rewarding is something that is solidarity in diversity (
asy- syu’ubiyah), 56 given in return of work, effort, ect. equality (al musawah), and patriotism (al
Achievement is something that you
wathaniyah). 57 succeed in doing by your own effort.
The national spirit has to rise in Then, Rewarding achievement is giving order to reinforce learner’s mindset
something to someone (student, child, that the interests of nation and state are
etc.) to appreciate of what have been more important than the interests of
achieved. In Character Education individuals or groups. All the the rules
curriculum, rewarding achievement of the Nation should be implemented
define as Attitudes and actions that as the realization of nationalism. As the
encourage him to produce something word of Allah in His Book:
useful for society, and recognize the success of others.
ِلوُأَو َلوُسَّرلا اوُعيِطَأَو ََّللا اوُعيِطَأ اوُنَمآ َنيِذَّلا اَهُّـيَأ َي The development of culture َِّللا َلِإ ُهوُّدُرَـف ٍءْيَش ِفي ْمُتْعَزاَنَـت ْنِإَف ْمُكْنِم ِرْملأا education and nation character can be
َكِلَذ ِرِخلا ِمْوَـيْلاَو َِّللِب َنوُنِمْؤُـت ْمُتْـنُك ْنِإ ِلوُسَّرلاَو implemented through lesson integration.
Self development and school culture are the results of the educational process
Meaning: “O ye who believe! Obey Allah, conducted by teachers and learners in and obey the Messenger, and those charged
the active and fun process of teaching with authority among you. If ye differ in
and learning. By means of the process of anything among yourselves, refer it to Allah
learning every subject leads to develop and His Messenger, if ye do believe in Allah
cognitive, affective, psychomotoric and and the Last Day: That is best, and most
spirituality abilities.
suitable for final determination.” (Q.S. an- Leadership, exemplary, hospitality, Nisā’: 59).
hard work, nationalism and spirit of achievement should be the school
Particularly, this verse contains the culture, especially for the teachers who basic principles of Islamic teachings in
should be the best figure. Proven by terms of power and government. The
the teacher’s behavior and classroom prescribed condition to create a just and
learning indicators are set to motivate prosperous society is to obey Allah and
student-learning achievement. His Messenger, to follow the ulil amr,
In His book, Allah SWT said: and to make the values of the Qur’an and Sunnah as the basic law to resolve the problems (Shihab, 2000,II: 459). 55
ِلْيَّللا ِفلاِتْخاَو ِضْرلأاَو ِتاَواَمَّسلا ِقْلَخ ِفي َّنl
This verse commands to the
believers to obey the laws of any
authority decision to determine the
law called “Ulil Amr”. The obedience
to ulil amr, is a form of participation in Meaning: “Behold! in the creation of the realization of the spirit of nationalism.
heavens and the earth, and the alternation Those things implemented to realize the
of night and day, there are indeed Signs for just society, prosperous, and peaceful
men of understanding,- Men who celebrate nation.
the praises of Allah, standing, sitting, and
56 Oxford Wordpower. New York: Oxford University 55 Shihab, M. Quraish. Vol. 2. Tafsir Al- Misbah: Pesan,
Press. 2006. Pp.660
Kesan dan Keserasian al- Qur’an. Ciputat: Lentera 57 Longman. LONGMAN Dictionary of Contemporary Hati. 2000. Pp. 459
English. UK: Longman. 2000. Pp.13
PROFETIKA, Jurnal Studi Islam, Vol. 17, No. 2, Desember 2016: 93-112 there”. lying down on their sides, and contemplate 60 In Curriculum 2013 friendly is
the (wonders of) creation in the heavens and the Act that shows enthusiasm to talk , the earth, (With the thought): “Our Lord!
to mingle and to cooperate with others. not for naught Hast Thou created (all) this!
To make friend is one of the Glory to Thee! Give us salvation from the
important life skills, it is equal to embed penalty of the Fire.” (Q.S. ‘Ali Imrān: 190-
on individual socialization values. 191).
Friendship environment is an important environment after the family. So in that
The verse above describes the environment, parental controls are creation of universe intended as human
necessary for the child not to be affected learning objects (Shihab, 2000,II: 290). 58 negatively.
Knowledge source of God has been From several studies in this decade, evident from all the pleasure given to
friendship can accept moral values, such humans. The enjoyment of life in this
as; learn to care, share, and empathize. world must be balanced with attention
Besides that, through make a friends to their surroundings, so that life
learned will make children gain new becomes helpful.
skills in terms of speaking ability, However, every individual has a
interpersonal skills, and the ability to
different mindset. It is then explained 61 control the emotions of selfishness. that those who are willing to pay
However, we need to choose and attention to the incidence of heaven and
notice people who want to be friends. earth will be classified as Ulul albab
Because a friend will give big influence “people who have a pure sense”. Those
in shaping the character of individual. who have a pure mind have a tendency