THE EFFECT OF PRODUCT, PROCES AN LEXICAL APPROACHES ON STUDENTS WRITING ACHIEVEMENT.
THE EFirECT OF PRODUCT, PROCES AN LI~
ENGl.ISH
J )(
S
' I 'GR
S 'T A'"I'E
lJN
, ;:~_,]
I "\ /]-:~l
)
~ :. S l
XICAJ~
AP:PROACHES
A THESIS
THE EFFECT OF PRODUCT, PROCESS AND
LEXICAL APPROACHES ON STUDENTS'
WRITING ACHIEVEMENT
Fitri Rayani Siregar
Registration Number : 055010167
English Applied Linguistics Study Program
State University of Medan
This Thesis was examined on MaR b 02, 2009 by tbe Board of Examiners.
Adviser Commissions
~
A(Jv~rl
'L'.'
'=_,
Prof. Dr. Jawasi Naibabo
Dr. Berlin Sibarani, M. Pd
Nip.131110 873
Tbe Director o t be
booI
Manullang
Prof. Dr. Belfri~k
NIP. 130 518 778
Approval of Board Of Examiners
Thesis Examiners of Magister Humaniora
Prof. Dr. Jawasi Naibaho.
Dr. Berlin Sibar ani, M.Pd.
NIP: 131 110 873
Prof. Tin a Mariany A, M.A., Ph.D.
NIP: 130 344 775
Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D.
NIP: 131 119 832
Prof.Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd.
NIP: 131 572 426
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, the writer would like to express her greatest gratitude
to Allah SWT, the Almighty that has given her the ability, health, and
safety until at last this thesis was been completed.
Many people have given their assistance, either directly or
indirectly without which this the'S is would not have come into existence.
Her very special thankfulness is directed to Dr. Berlin Sibarani,
M.Pd, and Prof.Dr.Jawasi Naibaho, her advisers, for their valuable
advi~e,
suggestions, comments, corrections and assistance in the process of
completing this thesis. Thanks are directed to Prof. Tina Mariany, M .A.,
Ph.D and Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D, their reviewrs, for their
valuabel inputs to improve the thesis.
A special deviation is directed to her very beloved parents, Drs.
Mahyuddin Siregar and Siti Radiah, S.Pd. for their full support,
encouragement, patience and prayers; her beloved husband Malintang Hrp,
ST, her daughter Hasifah Alaina Lintang Hrp for their love, support and
motivation.
Finally, the writer must admit that the content of this thesis is till
far from being perfect, she warmly welcomes any constructive ideas and
critics that will improve the quality of the thesis. She also hopes this thesis
would be useful for those who read it, especially a those majoring in
English.
Medan,
March 2009
The writer
FITRl RAYANl SIREGAR
Registntion Number: 055010167
11
..
ABSTRACT
Siregar, Fitri Rayani. Registration Number: ~S0167"The
Effect of ·
Product, Process and Lexical Approaches on Students' Writing
Achievement". A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program,
Postgraduate Program, State Uoivenity ofMedan. Medan, 2009.
The Purpose of this study was to find out the effect of Product, Process and
lexical approaches on students' writing achievement. To achieve the puepose,
the reserch was conducted with factorial design purpose. This design
consisted of three groups, and the three groups were treated by Product,
Process and Lexical Approaches for eight meetings. The population of the
study was the students of grade X of Senior High School of SMU Hikniatul
Fadhillab, 3 classes were derived out of the population as the sample and
each class consists of 45 students. The total number of the three classes were
135 students. The reliability of the test was 0.9. It meant that the writing test
in this study was reliable and from the calculation the writing tests were
valid. The data were analyzed by using one way ANOV A to show the effect
of Product, Process and Lexical
Approaches on students' writing
achievement and Newman Keuls test was used to find the more effective
method. The findings indicated that Foblcnd was higher than Flable (9.5 > 3.1).
The result of this thesis could Product, Process and Lexical Approaches
significantly affected the students' writing achievement and Process was the
most effective than Product and lexical approaches. It was suggl.'sted Process
Approach should be applied on the English teaching classroom especially for
the teachers who wanted to develop their students' writing achievement
ll1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1.
The Background of the Study
English is important language in Indonesia and the only compulsory
foreign language subject in school. English is one of the four subjects to test
in the state examinations before students leave junior and high schools. In
addition, English is a very important subj ect for entry to prestigious and job
vacancies. In English there are four skills that should be achieved namely
listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Learning to write in either a first or
second language is one of the most difficult task learner encounters and one
that few people can be said to fully master.
In terms of skills, producing a coherent. extended piece of writing is
probably the most difficult thing there is to do in language. It is sometime
most native speakers never master, for second language learners the
challenges are enormous, particularly for those who go on a university and
study in a language that is not their own. Yet a good writing skills are
essential to academic success and requirement for many occupations and
professions (Widdoson 1979)
Based on the nature of the writing process, there are three
approaches product. process and lexical approach. Writing teachers were
mostly concerned with the final product of writing the essay, the report. the
story, and what that product should look like. Compositions were supposed to
2
•
(a) meet certain standards of standards of prescribed English rhetorical style
(b) reflect accurate grammar, and (c) be organized in conformity with what
the audiences would consider to be conventional.
The product approach concentrates on ends rather than process. By
focusing on the form and structure of writing. The student would emulate and
on how well a student's final prod1.11ct measured up against a list of criteria
that included content, organization vocabulary use, grammatical use, and
mechanical consideration such as spelling and punctuation. At more
advanced this level, this approach to the teaching of writing leads to practice
in the structure and organization of different kinds of paragraphs and text,
because the focus is essentiaJly on the ability to produce correct text product.
The important lexical-approach as innovative step to make the effort
of ELT in Indonesia rewarding. It needs to be implemented as early as
possible to learners in Indonesia to equip them with sufficient vocabulary
according to the levels of education. This approach will also create life-long
readers of English. This approach to language teaching will find that the
learning of I 000 words only stated in the existing 1994 curriculum for junior
high school students and 2500 words for senior high school student's in
insufficient. In spite of the limited vocabulary sizes targeted high school
leavers have not even reached them
Another approach to improve students writing is the process
approach. This allowed the students focus on the content and message, and
4
·,
'1.4.
The Objectives of the Study
In carrying out the research, it is necessary to state what the
objectives of the study is clearly otherwise, this research will be useless and
only wasting the time. So the objectives of this study are:
I.
To find out the effect of product, process and lexical
approaches.
2.
To find out which is the most the effective approaches on
students' writing achievement.
Tbe Significance of the Study
This study is expected to provide, which may have practical as well
theoretical values for English language teacher. Theoretically, the result of
the study will add what has been found in the area English teaching in foreign
language. Meanwhile, practically the result of this study will inform English
language teachers in their attempts to decide which of the best method and
approach in enhancing the student's communicative competence.
CHAPTERV
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1
CONCLUSIONS
This chapter of intensive research on the effect of product, process
and lexical approach on students' writing achievement showed the significant
affect. This is concluded as follows
a. Process, Product and Lexical Approach are significantly affected
on students'
writing achievement. It was sho"n on the F
the F
!able
obocned
is greater than
9.5 > 3. 1
b. Process approach is the most effective on students' writing
achievement. It can be sc.,-en from the Newman - Keuls technique
that the mean and RST of process approach is biggest than groups
(mean and RST process approach and produ. London: William Collins Sons &Co
Ltd.
75
Zamel, V.1987. Recent Research of Writing PedagQgy. TESOL Q~rly
21.4: 697-716
ENGl.ISH
J )(
S
' I 'GR
S 'T A'"I'E
lJN
, ;:~_,]
I "\ /]-:~l
)
~ :. S l
XICAJ~
AP:PROACHES
A THESIS
THE EFFECT OF PRODUCT, PROCESS AND
LEXICAL APPROACHES ON STUDENTS'
WRITING ACHIEVEMENT
Fitri Rayani Siregar
Registration Number : 055010167
English Applied Linguistics Study Program
State University of Medan
This Thesis was examined on MaR b 02, 2009 by tbe Board of Examiners.
Adviser Commissions
~
A(Jv~rl
'L'.'
'=_,
Prof. Dr. Jawasi Naibabo
Dr. Berlin Sibarani, M. Pd
Nip.131110 873
Tbe Director o t be
booI
Manullang
Prof. Dr. Belfri~k
NIP. 130 518 778
Approval of Board Of Examiners
Thesis Examiners of Magister Humaniora
Prof. Dr. Jawasi Naibaho.
Dr. Berlin Sibar ani, M.Pd.
NIP: 131 110 873
Prof. Tin a Mariany A, M.A., Ph.D.
NIP: 130 344 775
Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D.
NIP: 131 119 832
Prof.Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd.
NIP: 131 572 426
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, the writer would like to express her greatest gratitude
to Allah SWT, the Almighty that has given her the ability, health, and
safety until at last this thesis was been completed.
Many people have given their assistance, either directly or
indirectly without which this the'S is would not have come into existence.
Her very special thankfulness is directed to Dr. Berlin Sibarani,
M.Pd, and Prof.Dr.Jawasi Naibaho, her advisers, for their valuable
advi~e,
suggestions, comments, corrections and assistance in the process of
completing this thesis. Thanks are directed to Prof. Tina Mariany, M .A.,
Ph.D and Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D, their reviewrs, for their
valuabel inputs to improve the thesis.
A special deviation is directed to her very beloved parents, Drs.
Mahyuddin Siregar and Siti Radiah, S.Pd. for their full support,
encouragement, patience and prayers; her beloved husband Malintang Hrp,
ST, her daughter Hasifah Alaina Lintang Hrp for their love, support and
motivation.
Finally, the writer must admit that the content of this thesis is till
far from being perfect, she warmly welcomes any constructive ideas and
critics that will improve the quality of the thesis. She also hopes this thesis
would be useful for those who read it, especially a those majoring in
English.
Medan,
March 2009
The writer
FITRl RAYANl SIREGAR
Registntion Number: 055010167
11
..
ABSTRACT
Siregar, Fitri Rayani. Registration Number: ~S0167"The
Effect of ·
Product, Process and Lexical Approaches on Students' Writing
Achievement". A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program,
Postgraduate Program, State Uoivenity ofMedan. Medan, 2009.
The Purpose of this study was to find out the effect of Product, Process and
lexical approaches on students' writing achievement. To achieve the puepose,
the reserch was conducted with factorial design purpose. This design
consisted of three groups, and the three groups were treated by Product,
Process and Lexical Approaches for eight meetings. The population of the
study was the students of grade X of Senior High School of SMU Hikniatul
Fadhillab, 3 classes were derived out of the population as the sample and
each class consists of 45 students. The total number of the three classes were
135 students. The reliability of the test was 0.9. It meant that the writing test
in this study was reliable and from the calculation the writing tests were
valid. The data were analyzed by using one way ANOV A to show the effect
of Product, Process and Lexical
Approaches on students' writing
achievement and Newman Keuls test was used to find the more effective
method. The findings indicated that Foblcnd was higher than Flable (9.5 > 3.1).
The result of this thesis could Product, Process and Lexical Approaches
significantly affected the students' writing achievement and Process was the
most effective than Product and lexical approaches. It was suggl.'sted Process
Approach should be applied on the English teaching classroom especially for
the teachers who wanted to develop their students' writing achievement
ll1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1.
The Background of the Study
English is important language in Indonesia and the only compulsory
foreign language subject in school. English is one of the four subjects to test
in the state examinations before students leave junior and high schools. In
addition, English is a very important subj ect for entry to prestigious and job
vacancies. In English there are four skills that should be achieved namely
listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Learning to write in either a first or
second language is one of the most difficult task learner encounters and one
that few people can be said to fully master.
In terms of skills, producing a coherent. extended piece of writing is
probably the most difficult thing there is to do in language. It is sometime
most native speakers never master, for second language learners the
challenges are enormous, particularly for those who go on a university and
study in a language that is not their own. Yet a good writing skills are
essential to academic success and requirement for many occupations and
professions (Widdoson 1979)
Based on the nature of the writing process, there are three
approaches product. process and lexical approach. Writing teachers were
mostly concerned with the final product of writing the essay, the report. the
story, and what that product should look like. Compositions were supposed to
2
•
(a) meet certain standards of standards of prescribed English rhetorical style
(b) reflect accurate grammar, and (c) be organized in conformity with what
the audiences would consider to be conventional.
The product approach concentrates on ends rather than process. By
focusing on the form and structure of writing. The student would emulate and
on how well a student's final prod1.11ct measured up against a list of criteria
that included content, organization vocabulary use, grammatical use, and
mechanical consideration such as spelling and punctuation. At more
advanced this level, this approach to the teaching of writing leads to practice
in the structure and organization of different kinds of paragraphs and text,
because the focus is essentiaJly on the ability to produce correct text product.
The important lexical-approach as innovative step to make the effort
of ELT in Indonesia rewarding. It needs to be implemented as early as
possible to learners in Indonesia to equip them with sufficient vocabulary
according to the levels of education. This approach will also create life-long
readers of English. This approach to language teaching will find that the
learning of I 000 words only stated in the existing 1994 curriculum for junior
high school students and 2500 words for senior high school student's in
insufficient. In spite of the limited vocabulary sizes targeted high school
leavers have not even reached them
Another approach to improve students writing is the process
approach. This allowed the students focus on the content and message, and
4
·,
'1.4.
The Objectives of the Study
In carrying out the research, it is necessary to state what the
objectives of the study is clearly otherwise, this research will be useless and
only wasting the time. So the objectives of this study are:
I.
To find out the effect of product, process and lexical
approaches.
2.
To find out which is the most the effective approaches on
students' writing achievement.
Tbe Significance of the Study
This study is expected to provide, which may have practical as well
theoretical values for English language teacher. Theoretically, the result of
the study will add what has been found in the area English teaching in foreign
language. Meanwhile, practically the result of this study will inform English
language teachers in their attempts to decide which of the best method and
approach in enhancing the student's communicative competence.
CHAPTERV
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1
CONCLUSIONS
This chapter of intensive research on the effect of product, process
and lexical approach on students' writing achievement showed the significant
affect. This is concluded as follows
a. Process, Product and Lexical Approach are significantly affected
on students'
writing achievement. It was sho"n on the F
the F
!able
obocned
is greater than
9.5 > 3. 1
b. Process approach is the most effective on students' writing
achievement. It can be sc.,-en from the Newman - Keuls technique
that the mean and RST of process approach is biggest than groups
(mean and RST process approach and produ. London: William Collins Sons &Co
Ltd.
75
Zamel, V.1987. Recent Research of Writing PedagQgy. TESOL Q~rly
21.4: 697-716