AMERICAN INDIVIDUALISM IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF AMERICAN JEWS AS REPRESENTED IN THE NOVEL BREAD GIVERS (1925).
AMERICAN INDIVIDUALISM IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF
AMERICAN JEWS AS REPRESENTED IN THE NOVEL BREAD
GIVERS (1925)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfilment of Requirements
for the Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
by
FESTA KURNIA RAMADHANI
C 0311016
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2015
i
THESIS APPROVAL
American Individualism in the Perspective of American Jews as
Represented in the Novel Bread Givers (1925)
by
Festa Kurnia Ramadhani
C 0311016
Thesis Supervisor
Drs. Hendarto Rahardjo, M.A
NIP. 195207211979031004
Head of English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences Sebelas Maret University
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D.
NIP. 19670830 199302 1 001
ii
American Individualism in the Perspective of American Jews as
Represented in the Novel Bread Givers (1925)
by
Festa Kurnia Ramadhani
C 0311016
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
on 10 December 2015
Positions
Name
Signature
Chairman
Dra. S.K. Hapsari, M.hum. Ph.D.
NIP. 196703231995122001
(………………………)
Secretary
Dra. Endang Sri Astuti, M.S.
NIP. 195208141981032001
(………………………)
First
Examiner
Drs. Hendarto Raharjo, M.A
NIP. 195207211979031004
(………………………)
Second
Examiner
Dra. Susilorini, M.A.
NIP. 196506011992032002
(………………………)
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D.
NIP. 19600328 198601 1 001
iii
PRONOUNCEMENT
The writer honestly confirms that this thesis entitled “American Individualism
in the Perspective of American Jews as Represented in the Novel Bread Givers
(1925)” is compiled by herself without taking from the other researchers. The writer
certifies that any secondary materials which are related to this thesis have been listed
in the bibliography.
Surakarta, 17 November 2015
Festa Kurnia Ramadhani
iv
MOTTOS
“Always dream and shoot higher than you know you can do.
Don’t bother just to be better than your contemporaries or
predecessors. Try to be better than yourself.”
(William Fauklner)
“Begin at the beginning, and go on till you come to the end:
then stop.”
(Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland)
"What is not started will never get finished."
(Johann Wolfgang van Goethe)
v
DEDICATION
I would like to dedicate my thesis to:
Allah SWT,
My loving parents,
My little brothers,
My Thesis Consultant, My Academic Consultant and all of the lecturers
All my friends who always support me.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Allah S.W.T for the
blessing so that this thesis can be finished well.
I also want to express my gratitude and appreciation to all people who help
and support me in finishing my thesis:
1. Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D, as Dean of Faculty of Cultural
Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, for the motivation and encouragement
given to me.
2. Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, Ph.D, as Head of the English Department, for
his motivation and supports in doing my thesis.
3. Dra. Endang Sri Astuti, M.S, as my Academic Consultant, who has supported
me to finish my thesis.
4. Drs. Hendarto Rahardjo, M.A, as my Thesis Consultant, who has given time
and guided me in doing my thesis.
5. Dra. Sri Kusuma Hapsari, M.Hum, Ph.D, who has supported me and guided
me in doing my thesis.
6.
Dra. Susilorini, M.A, who has guided me and given me motivation in doing
my thesis.
7. All of the lecturers of the English Department Program, for the knowledge
and inspiring experiences that they have shared.
vii
8. My beloved parents, Sugeng Baroto and Sri Subekti, and my little brothers,
Amhal and Hastu, who always support me spiritually throughout writing this
thesis and my life in general.
9. My friends of the 2011 English Department, Candra, Madia, Dika, Linda,
Erna, Hanik, Indah, Muthia, Janati, Reni, Ryan, Erwin, Hafid, Lukas, etc, who
always support and motivate to finish my thesis soon.
10. The 2011 American Studies Students, Rindu, Yulia, Yaro, Tasya, Tabita,
Widya, Mbak Monik, Julio, Ari, and the others that I cannot mention here,
who give me supports, motivations, laugh, and the best moment during four
last semesters.
11. Everyone who cannot be mentioned one by one has a contribution to my
thesis, thank you.
Finally, I hope that this thesis can give contribution to people who are
interested to this study. Moreover, I look forward to any suggestions or any other
ideas that can make it more perfect.
Surakarta, 17 November 2015
Festa Kurnia Ramadhani
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ............................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL OF THESIS CONSULTANT ................................................. ii
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS .................................... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT .................................................................................... iv
MOTTOS ........................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... ix
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background .................................................................................... 1
B. Scope of Study................................................................................. 8
C. Research Questions ......................................................................... 8
D. Objectives of the Study ................................................................... 9
E. Benefits of the Study ....................................................................... 9
F. Research Methodology .................................................................... 9
G. Theoretical Approaches .................................................................. 11
H. Thesis Organization ........................................................................ 14
ix
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Biography ........................................................................................ 16
B. Structuralism ................................................................................... 20
C. History of American Jewish and the Culture
1. American Jewish Experiences in the New World ...................... 26
2. Jewish Culture, Traditions, and Religion ................................... 29
D. American Individualism .................................................................. 30
F. American Pragmatism ...................................................................... 33
G. The Roaring Twenties in America .................................................. 35
H. Synopsis .......................................................................................... 36
CHAPTER III DATA ANALYSIS
A. How the writer constructed the ideas of
American Individualism ............................................................. 40
1. Standing alone ........................................................................ 42
2. Anti-Traditionalism ................................................................ 46
3. Emancipation .......................................................................... 53
4. Drawing Apart with the family ............................................... 63
5. The destiny is on her own hand .............................................. 67
6. Solitude ................................................................................... 70
7. Selfishness .............................................................................. 73
B. The fruits of the writer’s ideas on Individualism ..................... 83
x
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A. Conclusions ..................................................................................... 86
A. Recommendations ........................................................................... 88
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 90
xi
AMERICAN JEWS AS REPRESENTED IN THE NOVEL BREAD
GIVERS (1925)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfilment of Requirements
for the Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
by
FESTA KURNIA RAMADHANI
C 0311016
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2015
i
THESIS APPROVAL
American Individualism in the Perspective of American Jews as
Represented in the Novel Bread Givers (1925)
by
Festa Kurnia Ramadhani
C 0311016
Thesis Supervisor
Drs. Hendarto Rahardjo, M.A
NIP. 195207211979031004
Head of English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences Sebelas Maret University
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D.
NIP. 19670830 199302 1 001
ii
American Individualism in the Perspective of American Jews as
Represented in the Novel Bread Givers (1925)
by
Festa Kurnia Ramadhani
C 0311016
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
on 10 December 2015
Positions
Name
Signature
Chairman
Dra. S.K. Hapsari, M.hum. Ph.D.
NIP. 196703231995122001
(………………………)
Secretary
Dra. Endang Sri Astuti, M.S.
NIP. 195208141981032001
(………………………)
First
Examiner
Drs. Hendarto Raharjo, M.A
NIP. 195207211979031004
(………………………)
Second
Examiner
Dra. Susilorini, M.A.
NIP. 196506011992032002
(………………………)
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D.
NIP. 19600328 198601 1 001
iii
PRONOUNCEMENT
The writer honestly confirms that this thesis entitled “American Individualism
in the Perspective of American Jews as Represented in the Novel Bread Givers
(1925)” is compiled by herself without taking from the other researchers. The writer
certifies that any secondary materials which are related to this thesis have been listed
in the bibliography.
Surakarta, 17 November 2015
Festa Kurnia Ramadhani
iv
MOTTOS
“Always dream and shoot higher than you know you can do.
Don’t bother just to be better than your contemporaries or
predecessors. Try to be better than yourself.”
(William Fauklner)
“Begin at the beginning, and go on till you come to the end:
then stop.”
(Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland)
"What is not started will never get finished."
(Johann Wolfgang van Goethe)
v
DEDICATION
I would like to dedicate my thesis to:
Allah SWT,
My loving parents,
My little brothers,
My Thesis Consultant, My Academic Consultant and all of the lecturers
All my friends who always support me.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Allah S.W.T for the
blessing so that this thesis can be finished well.
I also want to express my gratitude and appreciation to all people who help
and support me in finishing my thesis:
1. Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D, as Dean of Faculty of Cultural
Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, for the motivation and encouragement
given to me.
2. Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, Ph.D, as Head of the English Department, for
his motivation and supports in doing my thesis.
3. Dra. Endang Sri Astuti, M.S, as my Academic Consultant, who has supported
me to finish my thesis.
4. Drs. Hendarto Rahardjo, M.A, as my Thesis Consultant, who has given time
and guided me in doing my thesis.
5. Dra. Sri Kusuma Hapsari, M.Hum, Ph.D, who has supported me and guided
me in doing my thesis.
6.
Dra. Susilorini, M.A, who has guided me and given me motivation in doing
my thesis.
7. All of the lecturers of the English Department Program, for the knowledge
and inspiring experiences that they have shared.
vii
8. My beloved parents, Sugeng Baroto and Sri Subekti, and my little brothers,
Amhal and Hastu, who always support me spiritually throughout writing this
thesis and my life in general.
9. My friends of the 2011 English Department, Candra, Madia, Dika, Linda,
Erna, Hanik, Indah, Muthia, Janati, Reni, Ryan, Erwin, Hafid, Lukas, etc, who
always support and motivate to finish my thesis soon.
10. The 2011 American Studies Students, Rindu, Yulia, Yaro, Tasya, Tabita,
Widya, Mbak Monik, Julio, Ari, and the others that I cannot mention here,
who give me supports, motivations, laugh, and the best moment during four
last semesters.
11. Everyone who cannot be mentioned one by one has a contribution to my
thesis, thank you.
Finally, I hope that this thesis can give contribution to people who are
interested to this study. Moreover, I look forward to any suggestions or any other
ideas that can make it more perfect.
Surakarta, 17 November 2015
Festa Kurnia Ramadhani
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ............................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL OF THESIS CONSULTANT ................................................. ii
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS .................................... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT .................................................................................... iv
MOTTOS ........................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... ix
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background .................................................................................... 1
B. Scope of Study................................................................................. 8
C. Research Questions ......................................................................... 8
D. Objectives of the Study ................................................................... 9
E. Benefits of the Study ....................................................................... 9
F. Research Methodology .................................................................... 9
G. Theoretical Approaches .................................................................. 11
H. Thesis Organization ........................................................................ 14
ix
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Biography ........................................................................................ 16
B. Structuralism ................................................................................... 20
C. History of American Jewish and the Culture
1. American Jewish Experiences in the New World ...................... 26
2. Jewish Culture, Traditions, and Religion ................................... 29
D. American Individualism .................................................................. 30
F. American Pragmatism ...................................................................... 33
G. The Roaring Twenties in America .................................................. 35
H. Synopsis .......................................................................................... 36
CHAPTER III DATA ANALYSIS
A. How the writer constructed the ideas of
American Individualism ............................................................. 40
1. Standing alone ........................................................................ 42
2. Anti-Traditionalism ................................................................ 46
3. Emancipation .......................................................................... 53
4. Drawing Apart with the family ............................................... 63
5. The destiny is on her own hand .............................................. 67
6. Solitude ................................................................................... 70
7. Selfishness .............................................................................. 73
B. The fruits of the writer’s ideas on Individualism ..................... 83
x
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A. Conclusions ..................................................................................... 86
A. Recommendations ........................................................................... 88
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 90
xi