AN ANALYSIS OF MEANING PROPERTIES AND RELATIONS IN PARAMORE’S SONG ALBUM BRAND NEW EYES A THESIS
AN ANALYSIS OF MEANING PROPERTIES AND RELATIONS IN
PARAMORE’S SONG ALBUM BRAND NEW EYESA THESIS BY MARGARETHA REG. NO.100705113 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2014
AN ANALYSIS OF MEANING PROPERTIES AND RELATIONS IN
PARAMORE’S SONG ALBUM BRAND NEW EYES A THESIS BY MARGARETHA REG. NO.100705113 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2014
RELATIONS IN PARAMORE’S SONG ALBUM BRAND NEW
EYES A THESIS BY: MARGARETHA REG.NO. 100705113 SUPERVISOR, CO-SUPERVISOR, Dr. Syahron Lubis, MA Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D NIP. NIP. 19511013 197603 1001 19750209 200812 1 002 Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2014
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as a thesis for Sarjana Sastra Examination.Head, Secretary, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the
degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara, Medan. The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of North Sumatera on Friday April 11, 2014 Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Dr. Syahron Lubis, MA NIP. 19511013 197603 1001 Board of Examiners (Signature) Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS ………………….. Dr. Syahron Lubis, MA ………………….. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D ………………….. Drs. Umar Mono, Dipl. Trans. M. Hum ………………….. Dra. Roma Ayuni Lubis, M.A …………………..
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to praise and give the greatest honor to Jesus Christ who has always been giving His blessing, guidance and spirit to finish my study especially in completing this thesis.
In this opportunity, I would like to express my high appreciation to Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA, The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies and as my Supervisor, and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D as the Secretary of English Department, my Co-Supervisor, and my Academic Supervisor for their time, thought, suggestion and support in order to guide me in writing this thesis. And also thank to the Head of English Department, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS who has given me facilities and opportunities in completing this thesis. Gratitude goes to all my lecturers who have shared their precious thought and valuable knowledge through my academic years.
My lovely thanks to my beloved, supportive, and great family, my best father H. Situmorang, my lovely adorable powerful mother R. Gultom and also my foster father N. Situmorang, for giving me the good times and hard times too so I can stand here as myself today, thank for fulfill all my needs and prayed for me during the process of my thesis writing, I love you and I had been living it for you. Moreover, I thank to my loving sister and brothers Heni Situmorang. Hendra Situmorang and Moses Marcell Situmorang, and my cousin Sri Handayani S.Pd, my aunt S. Situmorang for their loving, caring, and kindness that encouraged me to finish this thesis. God bless you all and I will always love you forever more.
Thank you so much to those who have given me the joy, laughter and many other things, Sarah Israila, Selvie Agustina, Mestika Pasaribu. I love you guys, thank you for everything we have been through.
Also special thank to Seoul West Dance Academy for giving me a beautiful moments and dance. To Alvin Ratuliu thank you for coming into my life, giving me silly things, and laughter, thank you for the time we spent together, you are the matters to me xoxo. For you my best friend Lasria Parhusip thank you so much for making me know what friendship is, for the supports, laugh and silly things we already did, you know you always be my friend in crime. My Last but not least, many thanks for my dear loving friends of batch 2010 in English Department who had been being with me in four years my life in campus, sorry I cannot mention your names. See you in better life. Fighting! Medan, Maret 2014
Writer, Margaretha
AUTHORS’S DECLARATION
I, MARGARETHA, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS
EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS
THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED
IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR
OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN
Signed : Date :
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION Name : MARGARETHA
Title of Thesis :AN ANALYSIS OF MEANING PROPERTIES AND RELATIONS IN
PARAMORE’S SONG ALBUM BRAND NEW EYES Qualification : S1/SARJANA SASTRA Department : ENGLISHI AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed : Date :
ABSTRAK
Skripsi yang berjudul “AN ANALYSIS OF MEANING PROPERTIES AND RELATIONS
IN THE PARAMORE’S SONG ALBUM BRAND NEW EYES” ini mengkaji tentang keseluruhan tipe unsur makna dan hubungan makna yang digunakan oleh Paramore dalam album yang ditulisnya yang berjudul “Brand New Eyes”. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini menerapkan kajian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Adapun teori yang digunakan untuk menemukan jenis atau tipe makna yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini mengacu pada teori Palmer (1976) yang mengklasifikasikan unsur makna menjadi
meaningfulness, anomaly, contradictory, ambiguity, dan redundancy; dan Leech (1977) yang
mengklasifikasikan hubungan makna menjadi synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, hyponymy, Dalam album yang berjudul “Brand New Eyes” ini, penulis menemukan 123 dan antonymy. data unsur makna dengan rincian 40 data meaningfulness (49.31%), 14 data anomaly (19.17%), 1 data contradictory (1.36), 18 data ambiguity (24.65%), dan 4 data redundancy (5.47%). Sedangkan untuk hubungan makna, penulis menemukan 50 data dengan rincian 6 data synonymy (12%), 18 data polysemy (36%), 3 data homonymy (6%), 6 data hyponymy (12%), 17 data antonymy (34%).
Kata Kunci: unsur makna (meaning properties) hubungan makna (meaning relations)
ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled "AN ANALYSIS OF MEANING PROPERTIES AND RELATIONS IN THE PARAMORE 'S SONG ALBUM BRAND NEW EYES" is a study about the overall of meaning properties and relations used by Paramore in the album entitled "Brand New Eyes".
In writing this thesis the writer applied library research by using descriptive qualitative method. The theory that used to find meaning properties and relations in this thesis refers to Palmer’s theory (1976) that classifies meaning properties into meaningfulness, anomaly, contradictory, ambiguity, and redundancy; and Leech’s theory (1977) which classifies meaning relations into synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, hyponymy, and antonymy. In the album, entitled "Brand New Eyes", the authors found 123 data with details, 36 data meaningfulness (49.31 %), 14 the data anomaly (19.17 %), 1 data contradictory (1.36), 18 data ambiguity (24.65%), and 4 data redundancy (5.47 %). Whereas for the meaning relations, the authors found 50 data with details, 6 data synonymy (12 %), 18 the data polysemy (36 %), 3 the data homonymy (6 %), 6 the data hyponymy (12 %), 17 the data antonymy (34 %).
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………... AUTHOR DECLARATION……………………………………………………………. COPYRIGHT DECLARATION……………………………………………………….. ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………… TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………….. LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………..
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION………………………………………………… 1 1.1. Background of Analysis……………..……………………. 1 1.2. The Identification problem…………………………………. 4 1.3. Formulation of the Problems………………………..…….. 4 1.4. Objective of Analysis…………………….……..………….. 5 1.5. Scope of Analysis…………..……………………...……….. 5 1.6. Significance of Analysis…………….…………………….... 6 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE……………………………………. 7
2.1 What is Semantics?........................................................................ 7
2.2 Scope of Semantics……………………………………...…...….. 9 2.2.1 Meaning………………………………………...……..
10
2.2.2 Sense and Reference………………………………….. 12
2.3 Types of Meaning………………………………………………. 14
1. Conceptual or Denotative Meaning……………………... 14
2. Connotative Meaning………………………………….… 15
3. Social Meaning………………………………………….. 16
4. Affective or Emotive Meaning………………………….. 18
5. Reflected Meaning………………………………….……
18
6. Collocative Meaning…………………………….………. 18
7. Thematic Meaning…………………………….………….. 19
2.4 The Goals of Semantic Theory…………………………………. 19
2.5 Meaning Properties……………………………………………... 21
2.5.1 Meaningfulness…………………………………….…. 21
2.5.2 Anomaly………………………………………….….. 22
2.5.3 Contradictory…………………………………….….. 22
2.5.4 Ambiguity……………………………………….…... 23
2.5.4.1 Lexical Ambiguity…………………….……. 24
2.5.4.2 Structural Ambiguity………………….…... 25
2.5.5 Redundancy……………………………………….…. 26
2.6 Meaning Relations………………………………………….….. 26
2.6.1 Synonymy……………………………………….….... 26
2.6.2 Polysemy…………………………………………..…. 27
2.6.3 Homonymy………………………………………...…. 28
2.6.4 Hyponymy………………………………………….. 29
2.6.5 Antonymy………………………………………...….. 29
2.6.5.1 Complementary pairs or Binary Pairs…..…... 29
2.6.5.2 Gradable Pairs………………..…………..…. 30
2.6.5.3 Relational Opposites….…………..………… 31
2.7 Related Studies…………………..………..……………………
32 CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH…………………………..………...... 34
3.1 Research Method………………………………………..…….... 34
3.2 Data and Data Source…………………………………………... 35
3.3 Data Collecting Method…………………………………..……. 35 3.4 Data Analysis Method…………………………………….…….
35 CHAPTHER IV ANALISIS AND FINDING………………………………………. 37
4.1 Meaning Properties…………………………………………....... 37 4.1.1 Meaningfulness……………………………………….
37
4.1.2 Anomaly………………………………………………
48
4.1.3 Contradictory…………………………………………
52
4.1.4 Ambiguity………………………………….…………
52 4.1.4.1 Lexical Ambiguity………………………….
52
4.1.4.2 Structural Ambiguity………………………..55
4.1.5 Redundancy…………………………….……………
55 4.2 Meaning Relations………………………………….………….
56
4.2.1 Synonymy……………………………………………
56 4.2.2 Polysemy………………………………….………….
58 4.2.3 Homonymy………………………………….………..
61
4.2.4 Hyponymy……………………………………………
63 4.2.5 Antonymy……………………………………...……..
66
4.2.5.1 Complementary Pairs or Binary Pairs……… 66 4.2.5.2 Gradable Pairs……………………………...
68
4.2.5.3 Relational Opposite…………………………
68
4.3 Finding………………………………………………………….70
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION…………………………...73
5.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………... 73 5.2 Suggestion………………………………………………….…..
74