AN ANALYSIS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ACTS IN “NOW IS OUR TIME” A THESIS

  AN ANALYSIS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ACTS IN “NOW IS OUR TIME” A THESIS BY AYU IMELDA FB REG. NO. 100705045 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2014

  AN ANALYSIS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ACTS IN “NOW IS OUR TIME” A THESIS BY AYU IMELDA FB REG. NO. 100705045 SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR Drs. Umar Mono, Dip.Trans, M.Hum Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph. D NIP. 19600122 198601 1 001 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from

English Department.

  

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2014

  

Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University

of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.

  Head, Secretary,

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph. D

NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002

  

Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for

the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the English Department, Faculty of Cultural

Studies University of Sumatera Utara.

  

The examination is held in the Faculty of Cultural Studies University of

Sumatera Utara on Tuesday, April 22, 2014 The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA NIP.19511013 197603 1 001 Board of Examiners

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS …………………..

  

Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M. A. Ph. D …………………..

Prof. Hj. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A, Ph.D …………………..

Drs. Umar Mono, Dip. Trans, M. Hum …………………..

Rudy Sofyan, SS. M. Hum …………………..

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

  I, AYU IMELDA FB DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

  Signed : Date : April 2014

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

  NAMA : AYU IMELDA FB TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

  ACTS IN “NOW IS OUR TIME” QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

  I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVALIABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

  Signed : Date : April 2014

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

  First of all, I would like to give all majesty and praise to the Almighty Jesus Christ who always gives me strength, patients, blessing and guidance in finishing this thesis.

  I also would like to thank to my supervisor and my co-supervisor, Drs. Umar Mono, Dip. Trans, M. Hum and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M. A. Ph. D for their guidance, support, advice and constructive comments in writing of this thesis.

  I am also grateful to the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A, the Head and the Secretary of English Department, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S and Rahmadsyah Rangkut i, M. A. Ph. D and all of the lecturers and the staffs of English Literature Department for the facilities and opportunities that were given to me during my study in this university.

  I express my special thanks to my beloved parents, Uly Artha Sinambela and German Pangaribuan, my sisters, Artha Anggun Priscilla Pangaribuan and Anggi Ratu Bule Madani Pangaribuan, and my brother, Amos Arjuna Pangaribuan who always support me and never stop praying for me. They are my motivations in writing this thesis and I want to say thanks for their love, attention, and financial support.

  I also would like to thank my friends, Ivo Novita Sari Silalahi who always supports me and give me some useful advice, my beautiful and handsome friends, Devi Fiviliana, Stephanie Joice, Rasingan Purba and Martin Marbun for the beautiful experiences and happiness that we share together. I would like to say thanks to all my friends in English Department too, especially class year 2010, whose names cannot be mentioned one by one, thanks for having great times together in finishing this thesis and for their support. I hope we can always be great friends forever and meet again in the better condition someday.

  I would like to say thanks to all people who were participated in completing this thesis too. I would like to say a great thanks for their help to them who can not I mention one by one. Finally, I hope this thesis will be useful for the readers.

  May God bless us. Amin Medan, April 2014 The writer, Ayu Imelda FB Reg. No 100705045

ABSTRAK

  Skripsi yang berjudul “An Analysis of Direct and Indirect Speech Acts in ‘Now is Our Time” ini merupakan suatu kajian linguistik yang membahas tentang tindak tutur langsung (direct speech act) dan tindak tutur tidak langsung (indirect speech act) yang terdapat dalam transkrip wawancara yang berjudul ‘Now is Our Time.’ Transkrip wawancara tersebut merupakan hasil wawancara yang dilakukan oleh Sheryl Sandberg, Facebook’s COO (Chief Operating Officer) dengan salah satu majalah terkenal, Harvard Business Review (HBR) magazine. Transkrip wawancara tersebut diedit oleh Adi Ignatius dan dipublikasikan pada bulan April tahun 2013.

  Dalam mengkaji transkrip wawancara tersebut, digunakan beberapa teori yaitu teori Yule tahun 1996, teori Stewart dan Vaillette tahun 2001 dan teori Akmajian tahun 2001. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan kajian tersebut adalah metode kepustakaan dan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Data yang dikaji dalam skripsi ini adalah ujaran-ujaran dari Sheryl Sandberg. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk menemukan jenis kalimat, fungsi dan jenis tindak tutur baik tindak tutur langsung dan tindak tutur tidak langsung yang terdapat dalam ujaran-ujaran Sheryl Sanberg dalam transkrip wawancara yang berjudul ‘Now is Our Time.’ Dari kajian yang dilakukan, ditemukan bahwa baik tindak tutur langsung dan tindak tutur tidak langsung digunakan dalam transkrip wawancara tersebut. Jenis tindak tutur yang paling dominan digunakan dalam transkrip wawancara tersebut adalah tindak tutur langsung (103 ujaran) dan kemudian diikuti oleh tindak tutur tidak langsung (16 ujaran). Tindak tutur langsung tersebut diklasifikasikan kembali kedalam tindak tutur langsung dalam jenis kalimat pernyataan yang berfungsi sebagai pernyataan (101 ujaran) dan tindak tutur langsung dalam jenis kalimat perintah yang berfungsi sebagai permintaan (2 ujaran). Tindak tutur tidak langsung tersebut juga diklasifikasikan kembali kedalam tindak tutur tidak langsung dalam jemis kalimat pernyataan yang berfungsi sebagai permintaan (13 ujaran), tindak tutur langsung dalam jenis kalimat pernyataan yang berfungsi sebagai janji (1 ujaran), tindak tutur tidak langsung dalam jenis kalimat pertanyaan yang berfungsi sebagai permintaan (1 ujaran), dan tindak tutur tidak langsung dalam jenis kalimat pertanyaan yang berfungsi sebagai pernyataan (1 ujaran).

ABSTRACT

  This thesis entitled “An Analysis of Direct and Indirect Speech Acts in ‘Now is Our Time” is a linguistic analysis that discusses about direct and indirect speech acts in interview transcript entitled ‘Now is Our Time.’ The interview transcript is a result of an interview of Sheryl Sandberg, Facebook’s COO (Chief Operating Officer) with one of famous magazines, Harvard Business Review (HBR) magazine. The interview transcript was edited by Adi Ignatius dan was published on April 2013. In analyzing the interview transcript, there are used some theories namely theory of Yule (1996), Stewart dan Vaillette (2001) and Akmajian (2001). The methods that are used in writing this thesis are library research and descriptive qualitative method. The data that are analyzed in this thesis are Sheryl Sandberg’s utterances. The purpose of this analysis is to find out the sentence type, function and type of speech acts whether it is direct speech act or indirect speech act in the interview transcript entitled ‘Now is Our Time.’ From the analysis, it is found that both direct speech acts and indirect speech acts are used in the interview transcript. The most dominant type of speech act that is used in the interview transcript is direct speech act (103 utterances) and then followed by indirect speech act (16 utterances). The direct speech act are classified again into direct speech acts in declarative sentence type as an assertion (101 utterances) and direct speech acts in imperative sentence type as a request (2 utterances). The indirect speech acts are also classified again into indirect speech acts in declarative sentence type as a request (13 utterances), indirect speech acts in declarative sentence type as a promise (1 utterance), indirect speech acts in interrogative sentence type as a request (1 utterance), and indirect speech acts in interrogative sentence type as an assertion (1 utterance).

TABLE OF CONTENT

  AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ……………………………………………………… i COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ……………………………………………...……. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……………………………………………………...… iii ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………...…. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………………….… vii

  CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

  1.1 Background of the study …………………………….… 1

  1.2 Problem of the study …………………………………... 5

  1.3 Objective of the study …………………………………. 5

  1.4 Scope of the study ……………………………………... 6

  1.5 Significance of the study ……………………………..... 6

  CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

  2.1 An Overview of Pragmatics ………………………….... 7

  2.2 Speech Acts ……………………………………………. 9

  2.2.1 Types of Speech Acts …………………………. 12

  2.2.1.1 Direct Speech Act ………………….... 13

  2.2.1.2 Indirect Speech Act ………………….. 14

  CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

  3.1 Method of the Study ………………………………….. 18

  3.2 Data and Data Source …………………………..…….. 18

  3.2 Data Collecting Method ……………………….……... 18

  3.3 Techniques of Data Analysis ………………….……... 19

  CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDING

  4.1 Analysis of Direct Speech Acts ……......………...….… 20

  4.1.1 Direct Speech Acts in Declarative Sentence Type as an Assertion …….….……………………….… 20

  4.1.2 Direct Speech Acts in Imperative Sentence Type as a Request …….…………….…….………….… 30

  4.2 Analysis of Indirect Speech Acts …..………………….. 31

  4.2.1 Indirect Speech Acts in Declarative Sentence Type as a Request …….……………………………...… 31

  4.2.2 Indirect Speech Acts in Declarative sentence type as a Promise …….……...……………………...… 38

  4.2.3 Indirect Speech Acts in Interrogative sentence type as a Request …….……………...……………...… 38

  4.2.4 Indirect Speech Acts in Interrogative sentence type as an Assertion …….……………………………. 39

  4.3 Table of the Analysis Result …….…………………….. 40

  CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

  5.1 Conclusion ………………………………………….... 43

  5.2 Suggestion ……………………………………………. 44 REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………. 45 APPENDIX ………………………………………………………………………... 47