CANCER IN JOHN GREEN'S THE FAULT IN OUR STARS NOVEL (2012): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH Cancer In John Green's The Fault In Our Stars Novel (2012): A Sociological Approach.
CANCER IN JOHN GREEN'S THE FAULT IN OUR STARS NOVEL (2012): A
SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
In English Department
by:
DEWI SETYOWATI
A 320120233
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
APPROVAL
CANCER IN JOHN GREEN’S THE FAULT IN OUR STARS NOVEL (2012): A
SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
By:
DEWI SETYOWATI
A 320120233
Approved to be Examined by the Consultant Team:
First Consultant
Second Consultant
(Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum. M. Ed)
NIK.772
(Titis Setyabudi, S.S. M. Hum)
NIK. 948
ii
ACCEPTANCE
CANCER IN JOHN GREEN’S THE FAULT IN OUR STARS NOVEL (2012): A
SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
by
DEWI SETYOWATI
A 320120233
Accepted by the Board of Examiner
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Team of Examiner:
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed
(
)
(
)
(
)
(First Examiner)
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M. Hum.
(Second Examiner)
3.
(Third Examiner)
Surakarta, April 26, 2016
Muhammadiyah University
School of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Prof. Dr. Harun DJoko Prayitno, M. Hum.
NIP. 1965042813199303 1001
iii
TESTIMONY
I am as the researcher, signed on the statement below:
Name
: DEWI SETYOWATI
NIM
: A320120233
Study Program
: Department of English Education
Title
: Cancer in John Green’s The Fault in Our Stars novel (2012): A
Sociological Approach
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degrees of
university. Nor there are options or masterpiece which have been written or
published by others, except those in which the writing are referred manuscript, and
mentioned in the literary review and bibliography.
Hence, later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony, I will hold fully responsible.
Surakarta, April 26, 2016
The researcher,
Materai Rp.
6.000,-
Dewi Setyowati
A320120233
iv
MOTTO
Sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan
(Qs. Al Insyirah: 6)
They plan, and Allah plans, Surely, Allah is the best of planners
(Qs. 08: 30)
The most powerful people are the people who trust and rely on God herself
(Anonymous)
Do not mind those who are trying to bring you down. They do it because they have to
be below you.
(Anonymous)
You must pass the bad days first to get the best days in the future.
(Anonymous)
v
DEDICATION
Proudly and wholeheartedly, the researcher would like to dedicate this research
paper to:
Allah SWT for the great blessing and the great prophet Muhammad SAW
My beloved parents (Jumadi and Pudji Sayekti) who always support and
love me so much
My beloved Grandfather and Grandmother (Soepardi and Maryati) who
always support and love me so much
My dearest sister (Millania Titah Alam Kinasih)
My soulmate, Feri Dwi Asmoro who always supports and loves me so much
All my lecturers and teachers
My beloved friends (Rissa Nur Pratamy, Nurul Hikmah, Pujiana Masitha,
Suri Margi Rahayu and Khusnul Khotimah)
All of my friends in Eglish Department 2012
All of my friends everywhere, thank you for your helped, friendship and
everything
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’allaikumWr. Wb
Alkhamdulillahirabbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to his
blessing and mercies given to the researcher, she can complete her researcher paper
entitled CANCER IN JOHN GREEN’S THE FAULT IN OUR STARS NOVEL
(2012): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. In conducting this research, the
researcher got some helps from many people. On this best occasion, the researcher
would like to express her deepest gratitude and appreciation to the following people:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., Dean of School of Teacher Training
and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D, Head of English Department on Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta,
3. Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M. Ed., the first consultant who has patiently
guided the researcher in arranging this work, provided time for consultant, and
give the researcher nice suggestion,
4. Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M. Hum., the second consultant who has been willing to
guide, correct, and encourage her from the beginning of writing until the end of
it,
5. Siti Fatimah, S. Pd., M. Hum., as the academic consultant who has given the
researcher guidance as long as she studied in Muhammadiyah University,
6. All lecturers of English Department, for being good educators, guide, and
mentor,
7. Her best gratitude for her beloved parents (Jumadi and Pudji Sayekti), their spirit
and their reason to be best in everything, thanks for ever over love, prayer,
support (moral and material), motivation, and everything during their life, she
will always pray that in the nest world the best heaven will belong to them,
8. Her beloved grandfather and grandmother, with love feeling, this research paper
is gift to both of you. She thanks you for giving her spirit in life. Thank you so
much for the advice,
vii
9. Her dear, Feri Dwi Asmoro, who has given love, care, prayers and support.
Thanks for everything. Thanks for every laughs, smiles, fights, and happiness,
10. Her big family, who have given care, prayers, and support thank you so much,
11. Her beloved friends, Rissa Nur Pratamy, Nurul Hikmah, Pujiana Masitha, Suri
Margi Rahayu and Khusnul Khotimah, we used to be together and the memory
will always be in our hearts. Thanks for the time that we ever shared together.
Keep in touch guys! Love all of you a lot!,
12. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one toward their support to the
researcher completing this research.
The researcher considers that this research paper is far from being perfect.
Therefore, suggestion and criticism are welcome and acceptance, she hopes that this
research paper would be valuable for readers.
Wassalamu’alaikumWr. Wb.
Surakarta, April 26, 2016
The researcher,
Dewi Setyowati
A 320120233
viii
SUMMARY
DEWI SETYOWATI. A320120233. CANCER IN JOHN GREEN’S THE FAULT
IN OUR STARS NOVEL (2012): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. Research
Paper. School of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta, April 26, 2016.
The major problem of this study is cancer. Someone who suddenly gets a
cancer, they have to experience a big change in their life. The objective of this study
is to analyze this novel based on the Sociological Approach. The Writer employs
qualitative method. The writer uses two data sources: primary and secondary. The
primary data source of the study is The Fault in Our Stars novel by John Green. The
secondary data of the study are taken from any information related to the novel. The
method of data collection is the descriptive qualitative research. Based on the
analysis, the researcher gets some conclusions. The study shows that the problem
faced by the major and minor characters about cancer. It is proven by their life that
they have been dealing with cancer. But, cancer doesn’t block them to reach their
dream. They want to meet Peter Van Houten in Amsterdam, the author of An
Imperial Affliction. The Hazel and Augustus’s favourite novel.
Keywords: The Fault in Our Stars, cancer, An Imperial Affliction, sociological
approach.
ix
RINGKASAN
DEWI SETYOWATI, A. 320 120 233. KANKER DALAM NOVELTHE FAULT
IN OUR STARS KARYA JOHN GREEN (2012): PENDEKATAN
SOSIOLOGIS. SKRIPSI. FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN.
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA, 26 April, 2016.
Masalah utama dari penelitian ini adalah kanker. Seseorang yang secara
tiba-tiba terkena sebuah kanker, mereka harus mengalami sebuah perubahan besar
dalam hidup mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis novel ini
berdasarkan pendekatan sosiologis. Penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif. Penulis
menggunakan dua sumber data: primer dan sekunder. Sumber data primer dari
penelitian ini adalah novel The Fault in Our Stars karya John Green. Data sekunder
dari penelitian ini diperoleh dari beberapa informasi yang berhubungan dengan
novel tersebut. Metode pengumpulan data adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan
pada analisis, peneliti mendapatkan beberapa kesimpulan. Penelitian ini
memunculkan masalah terhadap tokoh utama dan tokoh tambahan tentang kanker.
Ini dibuktikan oleh kehidupan mereka bahwa mereka telah sedang menghadapi
kanker. Tetapi, kanker tidak menghalangi mereka untuk meraih mimpi. Mereka ingin
bertemu Peter Van Houten di Amsterdam, penulis “An Imperial Affliction”. Novel
favorit Hazel dan Augustus.
Kata kunci: The Fault in Our Stars, Kanker, Kemalangan Luar Biasa, Pendekatan
sosiologis.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE .................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL.......................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY ........................................................................................................ iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ..................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................... vii
SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... ix
RINGKASAN ...................................................................................................... x
TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ......................................................... 1
B. Previous Studies ....................................................................... 4
C. Problem Statement .................................................................. 5
D. Limitation of the Study ........................................................... 6
E. Objectives of the Study ............................................................ 6
F. Benefits of the Study ................................................................ 6
G. Research Method ...................................................................... 6
H. Research Organization ............................................................. 7
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY .......................................................... 9
A.Sociology of Literature.............................................................. 9
B. Major Principles of Sociology of Literature ............................. 10
C. Notion of Cancer ...................................................................... 12
D. Structural Elements of Novel ................................................... 15
E. Theoretical Application ........................................................... 21
CHAPTER III: HISTORICAL BACKROUND ................................................... 22
A. Social Aspect ............................................................................ 22
B. Economic Aspect ...................................................................... 23
C. Political Aspect ......................................................................... 25
xi
D. Scientific and Technological Aspect ........................................ 26
E. Cultural Aspect ......................................................................... 26
F. Religious Aspect ....................................................................... 27
G. The Life of The Author ....................................................... ..... 28
CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ..................................................... 31
A. Structural Elements of Fiction.................................................. 31
1. Characters and Characterizations ........................................ 31
2. Setting .................................................................................. 42
a. Setting of place ................................................................ 42
b. Setting of time ................................................................. 48
3. Plot ....................................................................................... 49
a. Exposition ........................................................................ 50
b. Conflict............................................................................. 50
c. Climax ............................................................................. 51
d. Resolution ....................................................................... 51
e. Causality .......................................................................... 52
f. Plausibility ....................................................................... 53
4. Point of View ....................................................................... 53
5. Style ...................................................................................... 54
a. Diction .............................................................................. 54
b. Grammatical Structure ..................................................... 55
c. Rhetorical.......................................................................... 56
a) Figurative Language .................................................... 56
(a) Figures of Thoughts or Tropes ............................... 56
(b) Figures of Speech or Rhetorical Figures .................58
6. Theme .................................................................................. . 59
B. Discussion ............................................................................... 61
CHAPTER V: A. SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS .............................................. 66
A. Social Aspect ....................................................................... 66
B. Economic Aspect ................................................................. 70
C. Political Aspect .................................................................... 72
xii
D. Scientific and Technological Aspect ................................... 73
E. Cultural Aspect ..................................................................... 76
F. Religious Aspect ................................................................... 79
B. CANCER ANALYSIS ............................................................. 80
1) Thyroid Cancer ..................................................................... 80
2)Osteosarcoma (Bone Cancer) ................................................ 83
C Discussion .................................................................................. 84
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL AND SUGGESTION ........ 90
A. Conclusion ............................................................................... 90
B. Pedagogical Implication .......................................................... 91
C. Suggestion ............................................................................... 91
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii
SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
In English Department
by:
DEWI SETYOWATI
A 320120233
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
APPROVAL
CANCER IN JOHN GREEN’S THE FAULT IN OUR STARS NOVEL (2012): A
SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
By:
DEWI SETYOWATI
A 320120233
Approved to be Examined by the Consultant Team:
First Consultant
Second Consultant
(Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum. M. Ed)
NIK.772
(Titis Setyabudi, S.S. M. Hum)
NIK. 948
ii
ACCEPTANCE
CANCER IN JOHN GREEN’S THE FAULT IN OUR STARS NOVEL (2012): A
SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
by
DEWI SETYOWATI
A 320120233
Accepted by the Board of Examiner
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Team of Examiner:
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed
(
)
(
)
(
)
(First Examiner)
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M. Hum.
(Second Examiner)
3.
(Third Examiner)
Surakarta, April 26, 2016
Muhammadiyah University
School of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Prof. Dr. Harun DJoko Prayitno, M. Hum.
NIP. 1965042813199303 1001
iii
TESTIMONY
I am as the researcher, signed on the statement below:
Name
: DEWI SETYOWATI
NIM
: A320120233
Study Program
: Department of English Education
Title
: Cancer in John Green’s The Fault in Our Stars novel (2012): A
Sociological Approach
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degrees of
university. Nor there are options or masterpiece which have been written or
published by others, except those in which the writing are referred manuscript, and
mentioned in the literary review and bibliography.
Hence, later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony, I will hold fully responsible.
Surakarta, April 26, 2016
The researcher,
Materai Rp.
6.000,-
Dewi Setyowati
A320120233
iv
MOTTO
Sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan
(Qs. Al Insyirah: 6)
They plan, and Allah plans, Surely, Allah is the best of planners
(Qs. 08: 30)
The most powerful people are the people who trust and rely on God herself
(Anonymous)
Do not mind those who are trying to bring you down. They do it because they have to
be below you.
(Anonymous)
You must pass the bad days first to get the best days in the future.
(Anonymous)
v
DEDICATION
Proudly and wholeheartedly, the researcher would like to dedicate this research
paper to:
Allah SWT for the great blessing and the great prophet Muhammad SAW
My beloved parents (Jumadi and Pudji Sayekti) who always support and
love me so much
My beloved Grandfather and Grandmother (Soepardi and Maryati) who
always support and love me so much
My dearest sister (Millania Titah Alam Kinasih)
My soulmate, Feri Dwi Asmoro who always supports and loves me so much
All my lecturers and teachers
My beloved friends (Rissa Nur Pratamy, Nurul Hikmah, Pujiana Masitha,
Suri Margi Rahayu and Khusnul Khotimah)
All of my friends in Eglish Department 2012
All of my friends everywhere, thank you for your helped, friendship and
everything
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’allaikumWr. Wb
Alkhamdulillahirabbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to his
blessing and mercies given to the researcher, she can complete her researcher paper
entitled CANCER IN JOHN GREEN’S THE FAULT IN OUR STARS NOVEL
(2012): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. In conducting this research, the
researcher got some helps from many people. On this best occasion, the researcher
would like to express her deepest gratitude and appreciation to the following people:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., Dean of School of Teacher Training
and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D, Head of English Department on Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta,
3. Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M. Ed., the first consultant who has patiently
guided the researcher in arranging this work, provided time for consultant, and
give the researcher nice suggestion,
4. Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M. Hum., the second consultant who has been willing to
guide, correct, and encourage her from the beginning of writing until the end of
it,
5. Siti Fatimah, S. Pd., M. Hum., as the academic consultant who has given the
researcher guidance as long as she studied in Muhammadiyah University,
6. All lecturers of English Department, for being good educators, guide, and
mentor,
7. Her best gratitude for her beloved parents (Jumadi and Pudji Sayekti), their spirit
and their reason to be best in everything, thanks for ever over love, prayer,
support (moral and material), motivation, and everything during their life, she
will always pray that in the nest world the best heaven will belong to them,
8. Her beloved grandfather and grandmother, with love feeling, this research paper
is gift to both of you. She thanks you for giving her spirit in life. Thank you so
much for the advice,
vii
9. Her dear, Feri Dwi Asmoro, who has given love, care, prayers and support.
Thanks for everything. Thanks for every laughs, smiles, fights, and happiness,
10. Her big family, who have given care, prayers, and support thank you so much,
11. Her beloved friends, Rissa Nur Pratamy, Nurul Hikmah, Pujiana Masitha, Suri
Margi Rahayu and Khusnul Khotimah, we used to be together and the memory
will always be in our hearts. Thanks for the time that we ever shared together.
Keep in touch guys! Love all of you a lot!,
12. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one toward their support to the
researcher completing this research.
The researcher considers that this research paper is far from being perfect.
Therefore, suggestion and criticism are welcome and acceptance, she hopes that this
research paper would be valuable for readers.
Wassalamu’alaikumWr. Wb.
Surakarta, April 26, 2016
The researcher,
Dewi Setyowati
A 320120233
viii
SUMMARY
DEWI SETYOWATI. A320120233. CANCER IN JOHN GREEN’S THE FAULT
IN OUR STARS NOVEL (2012): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. Research
Paper. School of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta, April 26, 2016.
The major problem of this study is cancer. Someone who suddenly gets a
cancer, they have to experience a big change in their life. The objective of this study
is to analyze this novel based on the Sociological Approach. The Writer employs
qualitative method. The writer uses two data sources: primary and secondary. The
primary data source of the study is The Fault in Our Stars novel by John Green. The
secondary data of the study are taken from any information related to the novel. The
method of data collection is the descriptive qualitative research. Based on the
analysis, the researcher gets some conclusions. The study shows that the problem
faced by the major and minor characters about cancer. It is proven by their life that
they have been dealing with cancer. But, cancer doesn’t block them to reach their
dream. They want to meet Peter Van Houten in Amsterdam, the author of An
Imperial Affliction. The Hazel and Augustus’s favourite novel.
Keywords: The Fault in Our Stars, cancer, An Imperial Affliction, sociological
approach.
ix
RINGKASAN
DEWI SETYOWATI, A. 320 120 233. KANKER DALAM NOVELTHE FAULT
IN OUR STARS KARYA JOHN GREEN (2012): PENDEKATAN
SOSIOLOGIS. SKRIPSI. FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN.
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA, 26 April, 2016.
Masalah utama dari penelitian ini adalah kanker. Seseorang yang secara
tiba-tiba terkena sebuah kanker, mereka harus mengalami sebuah perubahan besar
dalam hidup mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis novel ini
berdasarkan pendekatan sosiologis. Penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif. Penulis
menggunakan dua sumber data: primer dan sekunder. Sumber data primer dari
penelitian ini adalah novel The Fault in Our Stars karya John Green. Data sekunder
dari penelitian ini diperoleh dari beberapa informasi yang berhubungan dengan
novel tersebut. Metode pengumpulan data adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan
pada analisis, peneliti mendapatkan beberapa kesimpulan. Penelitian ini
memunculkan masalah terhadap tokoh utama dan tokoh tambahan tentang kanker.
Ini dibuktikan oleh kehidupan mereka bahwa mereka telah sedang menghadapi
kanker. Tetapi, kanker tidak menghalangi mereka untuk meraih mimpi. Mereka ingin
bertemu Peter Van Houten di Amsterdam, penulis “An Imperial Affliction”. Novel
favorit Hazel dan Augustus.
Kata kunci: The Fault in Our Stars, Kanker, Kemalangan Luar Biasa, Pendekatan
sosiologis.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE .................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL.......................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY ........................................................................................................ iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ..................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................... vii
SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... ix
RINGKASAN ...................................................................................................... x
TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ......................................................... 1
B. Previous Studies ....................................................................... 4
C. Problem Statement .................................................................. 5
D. Limitation of the Study ........................................................... 6
E. Objectives of the Study ............................................................ 6
F. Benefits of the Study ................................................................ 6
G. Research Method ...................................................................... 6
H. Research Organization ............................................................. 7
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY .......................................................... 9
A.Sociology of Literature.............................................................. 9
B. Major Principles of Sociology of Literature ............................. 10
C. Notion of Cancer ...................................................................... 12
D. Structural Elements of Novel ................................................... 15
E. Theoretical Application ........................................................... 21
CHAPTER III: HISTORICAL BACKROUND ................................................... 22
A. Social Aspect ............................................................................ 22
B. Economic Aspect ...................................................................... 23
C. Political Aspect ......................................................................... 25
xi
D. Scientific and Technological Aspect ........................................ 26
E. Cultural Aspect ......................................................................... 26
F. Religious Aspect ....................................................................... 27
G. The Life of The Author ....................................................... ..... 28
CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ..................................................... 31
A. Structural Elements of Fiction.................................................. 31
1. Characters and Characterizations ........................................ 31
2. Setting .................................................................................. 42
a. Setting of place ................................................................ 42
b. Setting of time ................................................................. 48
3. Plot ....................................................................................... 49
a. Exposition ........................................................................ 50
b. Conflict............................................................................. 50
c. Climax ............................................................................. 51
d. Resolution ....................................................................... 51
e. Causality .......................................................................... 52
f. Plausibility ....................................................................... 53
4. Point of View ....................................................................... 53
5. Style ...................................................................................... 54
a. Diction .............................................................................. 54
b. Grammatical Structure ..................................................... 55
c. Rhetorical.......................................................................... 56
a) Figurative Language .................................................... 56
(a) Figures of Thoughts or Tropes ............................... 56
(b) Figures of Speech or Rhetorical Figures .................58
6. Theme .................................................................................. . 59
B. Discussion ............................................................................... 61
CHAPTER V: A. SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS .............................................. 66
A. Social Aspect ....................................................................... 66
B. Economic Aspect ................................................................. 70
C. Political Aspect .................................................................... 72
xii
D. Scientific and Technological Aspect ................................... 73
E. Cultural Aspect ..................................................................... 76
F. Religious Aspect ................................................................... 79
B. CANCER ANALYSIS ............................................................. 80
1) Thyroid Cancer ..................................................................... 80
2)Osteosarcoma (Bone Cancer) ................................................ 83
C Discussion .................................................................................. 84
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL AND SUGGESTION ........ 90
A. Conclusion ............................................................................... 90
B. Pedagogical Implication .......................................................... 91
C. Suggestion ............................................................................... 91
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii