INTERPRETASI DAN ANALISIS GEOKIMIA GAS SERTA PENGARUH INJEKSI TERHADAP SUMUR PRODUKSI LAPANGAN PANAS BUMI RM, JAWA BARAT SELAMA TAHUN 2001-2005.
Daftar Isi
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................iii
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... x
DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... 1
1.1. Latar Belakang Penelitian .................................................................... 1
1.2. Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................... 3
1.3. Batasab Masalah .................................................................................. 3
1.3. Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................................. 4
1.4. Waktu Penelitian .................................................................................. 5
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ...................................................................... 6
2.1. Geologi Regional ................................................................................ 6
2.1.1 Fisiografi Regional..................................................................... 6
2.1.2 Stratigrafi Regional .................................................................. 11
2.1.3 Struktur Geologi Regional ....................................................... 12
2.2 Tinjauan Geologi Daerah Penelitian .................................................... 14
2.2.1 Geologi Lapangan “RM” .......................................................... 14
2.2.2 Stratigrafi Lapangan “RM” ....................................................... 17
2.2.3 Struktur Geologi Lapangan “RM” ............................................ 20
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vii
Daftar Isi
2.3 Dasar Teori Panas Bumi .................................................................... 21
2.3.1 Definisi Panas Bumi ............................................................... 21
2.3.2 Kaitan Geologi dan Panas Bumi ............................................. 22
2.3.3 Konsep Panas Bumi ................................................................ 23
2.3.4 Kegunaan Data Geokimia Panas Bumi .................................. 26
2.3.5 Geokimia Gas Panas Bumi ..................................................... 28
2.3.5.1 Gas Volkanik Dan Gas Panas Bumi ............................. 29
2.3.5.2 Geothermal Sistem ....................................................... 32
2.3.5.3 Solubilitas Atau Kelarutan ........................................... 33
2.3.5.4 Pembentukan Uap......................................................... 35
2.3.5.5 Boiling .......................................................................... 38
2.3.5.6 Kondensasi ................................................................... 39
2.3.5.7 Reaksi-reaksi Batuan -Steam ........................................ 39
2.3.5.8 Geothermometer Gas .................................................... 40
2.3.5.9 Interpretasi Kimia Gas .................................................. 42
2.3.5.9.1 Sifat Gas-gas Panas Bumi.................................. 43
2.3.5.9.2 Indikator-indikator Proses Fisika dan Kimia ..... 46
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................. 52
3.1 Objek Penelitian ................................................................................. 52
3.2 Alat-alat Yang Digunakan .................................................................. 52
3.3 Langkah-langkah Penelitian ............................................................... 54
3.3.1 Tahap Persiapan...................................................................... 54
3.3.2 Tahap Penelitian Lapangan .................................................... 55
Fakultas Teknik Geologi – Universitas Padjadjaran
viii
Daftar Isi
3.3.3 Tahap Analisis Laboratorium ................................................ 56
3.3.4 Tahap Pengolahan dan Interpretasi Data ............................... 56
3.3.5 Tahap Penyusunan Laporan .................................................. 58
3.4 Metode Penelitian................................................................................ 59
3.5 Analisis Data ....................................................................................... 65
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................ 66
4.1. Interpretasi Geokimia Gas ................................................................. 67
4.1.1 Tipe Gas Panas Bumi ............................................................. 67
4.1.2 Temperatur Reservoir ............................................................ 71
4.1.2 Rasio CO2/H2S ....................................................................... 76
4.2. Interpretasi Proses Injeksi .................................................................. 80
4.2.1 Analisis Hubungan Injeksi Terhadap Boron, NCGs,
Flow Rate Produksi dan Temperatur...................................... 81
4.2.2 Analisis Pengaruh Injeksi Terhadap Sumur Produksi ............ 88
4.2.2.1 Analisis Kondisi Sumur Produksi yang Diinjeksi ......... 88
4.2.2.2 Analisis Hubungan Rate Injeksi dengan Penurunan
Temperatur Sumur Produksi yang Diinjeksi ............... 99
4.2.2.3 Analisis Efektivitas Injeksi ,Posisi Kedalaman
Feed Zone dan Jarak Antara Sumur Injeksi
dengan Sumur Produksi Terhadap Pengaruh
Injeksi ........................................................................ 104
4.2.2.4 Perbandingan Antara Sumur yang Diinjeksi
dengan Sumur yang Tidak Diinjeksi ......................... 111
Fakultas Teknik Geologi – Universitas Padjadjaran
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Daftar Isi
4.2.3 Penurunan Temperatur dan Tekanan Terhadap Keadaan
Initial ................................................................................. 114
4.2.4.1 Penurunan Tekanan .................................................... 115
4.2.4.2 Penurunan Temperatur ............................................... 117
4.2.4.3 Interpretasi Decline .................................................... 120
4.3. Analisis Geologi ............................................................................... 121
BAB V KESIMPULAN ................................................................................ 124
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................... 127
LAMPIRAN
Fakultas Teknik Geologi – Universitas Padjadjaran
x
Daftar Isi
Fakultas Teknik Geologi – Universitas Padjadjaran
xi
Daftar Isi
Fakultas Teknik Geologi – Universitas Padjadjaran
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................iii
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... x
DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... 1
1.1. Latar Belakang Penelitian .................................................................... 1
1.2. Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................... 3
1.3. Batasab Masalah .................................................................................. 3
1.3. Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................................. 4
1.4. Waktu Penelitian .................................................................................. 5
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ...................................................................... 6
2.1. Geologi Regional ................................................................................ 6
2.1.1 Fisiografi Regional..................................................................... 6
2.1.2 Stratigrafi Regional .................................................................. 11
2.1.3 Struktur Geologi Regional ....................................................... 12
2.2 Tinjauan Geologi Daerah Penelitian .................................................... 14
2.2.1 Geologi Lapangan “RM” .......................................................... 14
2.2.2 Stratigrafi Lapangan “RM” ....................................................... 17
2.2.3 Struktur Geologi Lapangan “RM” ............................................ 20
vi
vii
Daftar Isi
2.3 Dasar Teori Panas Bumi .................................................................... 21
2.3.1 Definisi Panas Bumi ............................................................... 21
2.3.2 Kaitan Geologi dan Panas Bumi ............................................. 22
2.3.3 Konsep Panas Bumi ................................................................ 23
2.3.4 Kegunaan Data Geokimia Panas Bumi .................................. 26
2.3.5 Geokimia Gas Panas Bumi ..................................................... 28
2.3.5.1 Gas Volkanik Dan Gas Panas Bumi ............................. 29
2.3.5.2 Geothermal Sistem ....................................................... 32
2.3.5.3 Solubilitas Atau Kelarutan ........................................... 33
2.3.5.4 Pembentukan Uap......................................................... 35
2.3.5.5 Boiling .......................................................................... 38
2.3.5.6 Kondensasi ................................................................... 39
2.3.5.7 Reaksi-reaksi Batuan -Steam ........................................ 39
2.3.5.8 Geothermometer Gas .................................................... 40
2.3.5.9 Interpretasi Kimia Gas .................................................. 42
2.3.5.9.1 Sifat Gas-gas Panas Bumi.................................. 43
2.3.5.9.2 Indikator-indikator Proses Fisika dan Kimia ..... 46
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................. 52
3.1 Objek Penelitian ................................................................................. 52
3.2 Alat-alat Yang Digunakan .................................................................. 52
3.3 Langkah-langkah Penelitian ............................................................... 54
3.3.1 Tahap Persiapan...................................................................... 54
3.3.2 Tahap Penelitian Lapangan .................................................... 55
Fakultas Teknik Geologi – Universitas Padjadjaran
viii
Daftar Isi
3.3.3 Tahap Analisis Laboratorium ................................................ 56
3.3.4 Tahap Pengolahan dan Interpretasi Data ............................... 56
3.3.5 Tahap Penyusunan Laporan .................................................. 58
3.4 Metode Penelitian................................................................................ 59
3.5 Analisis Data ....................................................................................... 65
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................ 66
4.1. Interpretasi Geokimia Gas ................................................................. 67
4.1.1 Tipe Gas Panas Bumi ............................................................. 67
4.1.2 Temperatur Reservoir ............................................................ 71
4.1.2 Rasio CO2/H2S ....................................................................... 76
4.2. Interpretasi Proses Injeksi .................................................................. 80
4.2.1 Analisis Hubungan Injeksi Terhadap Boron, NCGs,
Flow Rate Produksi dan Temperatur...................................... 81
4.2.2 Analisis Pengaruh Injeksi Terhadap Sumur Produksi ............ 88
4.2.2.1 Analisis Kondisi Sumur Produksi yang Diinjeksi ......... 88
4.2.2.2 Analisis Hubungan Rate Injeksi dengan Penurunan
Temperatur Sumur Produksi yang Diinjeksi ............... 99
4.2.2.3 Analisis Efektivitas Injeksi ,Posisi Kedalaman
Feed Zone dan Jarak Antara Sumur Injeksi
dengan Sumur Produksi Terhadap Pengaruh
Injeksi ........................................................................ 104
4.2.2.4 Perbandingan Antara Sumur yang Diinjeksi
dengan Sumur yang Tidak Diinjeksi ......................... 111
Fakultas Teknik Geologi – Universitas Padjadjaran
ix
Daftar Isi
4.2.3 Penurunan Temperatur dan Tekanan Terhadap Keadaan
Initial ................................................................................. 114
4.2.4.1 Penurunan Tekanan .................................................... 115
4.2.4.2 Penurunan Temperatur ............................................... 117
4.2.4.3 Interpretasi Decline .................................................... 120
4.3. Analisis Geologi ............................................................................... 121
BAB V KESIMPULAN ................................................................................ 124
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................... 127
LAMPIRAN
Fakultas Teknik Geologi – Universitas Padjadjaran
x
Daftar Isi
Fakultas Teknik Geologi – Universitas Padjadjaran
xi
Daftar Isi
Fakultas Teknik Geologi – Universitas Padjadjaran