An Analysis Of Slavery And Its Impact Towards Black People In Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
AN ANALYSIS OF SLAVERY AND ITS IMPACT TOWARDS BLACK
PEOPLE IN HARRIET BEECHER STOWE’S UNCLE TOM’S CABIN
A THESIS
BY
ZARLINA
REG. NO. 090705015
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2013
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AN ANALYSIS OF SLAVERY AND ITS IMPACT TOWARDS BLACK
PEOPLE IN HARRIET BEECHER STOWE’S UNCLE TOM’S CABIN
A THESIS
BY
ZARLINA
REG. NO. 090705015
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR
Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum
Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum
NIP. 19630216 198903 1 003
NIP. 19580517 198503 1 003
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara
Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana
Sastra from Department of English.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
Universitas Sumatera Utara
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2013
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra
Examination.
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
NIP. 19590419 198102 2 001
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for
the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on July 25th, 2013.
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
........................................
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum
........................................
NIP. 19590419 198102 2 001
Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum
........................................
NIP. 19630216 198903 1 003
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum
........................................
NIP. 19571002 198601 2 003
Dra. Diah Rahayu Pratama, M.Pd
........................................
NIP. 19561214 198601 2 001
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, ZARLINA, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS
THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF
THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED
ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A
THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED
ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED
WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD
OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed
:
Date
: July 25th, 2013
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: ZARLINA
TITLE OF THESIS
: AN
ANALYSIS
OF
SLAVERY
AND
ITS
IMPACT TOWARDS BLACK PEOPLE IN
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE’S UNCLE TOM’S
CABIN
QUALIFICATION
: S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DICRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING
THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER
THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed
:
Date
: July 25th, 2013
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to praise and thank Allah SWT for all the
graces and blessings that have given to me so I can finish this thesis well
with no meaningful constraint.
Then, I would like to thank the Dean of the Faculty of Cultural
Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Dr, H. Syahron Lubis, MA., the Head
of English Department, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS., and the Secretary of
English Department, Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum.
I also want to thank Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M. Hum as my
thesis’ supervisor and Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum as co-supervisor who
has given the attention and contribution and guide me well in doing this
thesis.
I would like to thank Mr. Mahmud Arief Albar, S.S, M.A as my
academic supervisor and all the lecturers of English Department who have
taught me useful and meaningful things and give lots of love and good
advices. Also thanks to bang Amran, who have helped much and treat me
well.
My deepest gratitude is addressed to my beloved parents, my father
Ramli Harun, my mother, Zahara Hamid, my sister, Zarnida, and also my
brother, Muhammad Rizki, who always give me support, love, and prayers
not only during good but also difficult time.
Special thanks to my beloved one, T. M. Rikza Abdy, who always
gives me support and prayers, as well as my best friends whom I love and
Universitas Sumatera Utara
proud of, Triana Lestari, Henni Purwasih, Winda Widya, and Armita Sari,
who has given so much wonderful things to my life, being an amazing
friend, always being helpful from the beginning until the end. I am sincerely
love you.
Not forget also to mention all of English Department 2009’s friends
who have been so kind and caring. Thanks for the beautiful memories and
experiences throughout these years. It is unforgettable. I hope you guys are
doing good and one day will be a very successful person. Thanks to all of
you.
To the family, friends, seniors, juniors, and all the people who I do
not mention, I would like to thank you for all the help and support. May
Allah repay all of your kindness.
Medan,
July 2013
The Writer,
Zarlina
Reg. Number 090705015
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul An Analysis of Slavery and Its Impact Towards Black
People in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Penulisan skripsi ini
dilatarbelakangi oleh ketertarikan penulis terhadap tema utama dari novel karya
Harriet Beecher Stowe yang berjudul Uncle Tom’s Cabin, yaitu perbudakan yang
terjadi di Amerika. Skripsi ini membahas tentang perbudakan yang di alami orang
kulit hitam yang dipaksa bekerja demi keuntungan sang pemilik. Mereka
diperlakukan seperti barang dan kerap menerima kekerasan fisik. Dari serangkaian
peristiwa yang dialami, muncullah dampak terhadap kehidupan para budak
tersebut. Dalam mengerjakan skripsi ini, penulis mengacu pada pengkajian karya
sastra secara intrinsik seperti dikemukakan Rene Wellek dan Austin Warren
dengan menekankan pada salah satu unsur novel, yaitu tema. Adapun metode yang
digunakan dalam melakukan analisis adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil analisis,
ditemukan bahwa dampak dari perbudakan bagi kulit hitam diantaranya hidup
dalam keterbatasan dan adanya diskriminasi ras.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled An Analysis of Slavery and Its Impact Towards Black
People in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin. This thesis is done
because of the writer’s interest of the main themes of the novel by Harriet Beecher
Stowe, entitled Uncle Tom's Cabin, the slavery that happened in America. This
thesis discusses the nature of slavery in which black people are forced to work for
the benefit of the owner. They are treated like properties and often receive physical
abuse. From those experience, there is an impact on the life of the slaves. In doing
this thesis, the author refers to the study of literature intrinsically as stated by Rene
Wellek and Austin Warren, with emphasizing on one of the novel’s element,
theme. The method which is used in the analysis is qualitative descriptive. From
the analysis, it is found that the impact of slavery for black people are living among
the restrictions and racial discrimination.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................
i
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..............................................................................
iii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ..............................................................
1
1.2 Problem of the Study ....................................................................
6
1.3 Objective of the Study ..................................................................
6
1.4 Scope of the Study .......................................................................
6
1.5 Significance of the Study .............................................................
7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Literature ......................................................................................
2.1.1 Novel
8
.............................................................................
8
2.1.1.1 Theme .................................................................
8
2.2 Review of Related Theories .........................................................
10
2.3 Review of Related Literature .......................................................
12
2.4 Slavery in America .......................................................................
13
2.4.1 The Importance of Cotton Gin ..........................................
14
2.4.2
14
Rise of Abolition Movement ............................................
Universitas Sumatera Utara
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design ............................................................................
16
3.2 Data Collection .............................................................................
18
3.3 Data Analysis ...............................................................................
20
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1 Slavery in Uncle Tom’s Cabin .....................................................
22
4.1.1 Slaves As Properties ...........................................................
23
4.1.2 Object of Physical Abuse ...................................................
28
4.2 The Impact of Slavery ..................................................................
32
4.2.1 Life With Restriction .........................................................
32
4.2.2 Racial Discrimination ........................................................
34
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion ....................................................................................
37
5.2 Suggestion ....................................................................................
38
REFERENCES ..............................................................................................
39
APPENDICES
i.
Summary of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
ii.
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Biography and Works
Universitas Sumatera Utara
PEOPLE IN HARRIET BEECHER STOWE’S UNCLE TOM’S CABIN
A THESIS
BY
ZARLINA
REG. NO. 090705015
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2013
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AN ANALYSIS OF SLAVERY AND ITS IMPACT TOWARDS BLACK
PEOPLE IN HARRIET BEECHER STOWE’S UNCLE TOM’S CABIN
A THESIS
BY
ZARLINA
REG. NO. 090705015
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR
Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum
Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum
NIP. 19630216 198903 1 003
NIP. 19580517 198503 1 003
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara
Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana
Sastra from Department of English.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
Universitas Sumatera Utara
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2013
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra
Examination.
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
NIP. 19590419 198102 2 001
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for
the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on July 25th, 2013.
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
........................................
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum
........................................
NIP. 19590419 198102 2 001
Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum
........................................
NIP. 19630216 198903 1 003
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum
........................................
NIP. 19571002 198601 2 003
Dra. Diah Rahayu Pratama, M.Pd
........................................
NIP. 19561214 198601 2 001
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, ZARLINA, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS
THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF
THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED
ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A
THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED
ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED
WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD
OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed
:
Date
: July 25th, 2013
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: ZARLINA
TITLE OF THESIS
: AN
ANALYSIS
OF
SLAVERY
AND
ITS
IMPACT TOWARDS BLACK PEOPLE IN
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE’S UNCLE TOM’S
CABIN
QUALIFICATION
: S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DICRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING
THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER
THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed
:
Date
: July 25th, 2013
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to praise and thank Allah SWT for all the
graces and blessings that have given to me so I can finish this thesis well
with no meaningful constraint.
Then, I would like to thank the Dean of the Faculty of Cultural
Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Dr, H. Syahron Lubis, MA., the Head
of English Department, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS., and the Secretary of
English Department, Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum.
I also want to thank Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M. Hum as my
thesis’ supervisor and Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum as co-supervisor who
has given the attention and contribution and guide me well in doing this
thesis.
I would like to thank Mr. Mahmud Arief Albar, S.S, M.A as my
academic supervisor and all the lecturers of English Department who have
taught me useful and meaningful things and give lots of love and good
advices. Also thanks to bang Amran, who have helped much and treat me
well.
My deepest gratitude is addressed to my beloved parents, my father
Ramli Harun, my mother, Zahara Hamid, my sister, Zarnida, and also my
brother, Muhammad Rizki, who always give me support, love, and prayers
not only during good but also difficult time.
Special thanks to my beloved one, T. M. Rikza Abdy, who always
gives me support and prayers, as well as my best friends whom I love and
Universitas Sumatera Utara
proud of, Triana Lestari, Henni Purwasih, Winda Widya, and Armita Sari,
who has given so much wonderful things to my life, being an amazing
friend, always being helpful from the beginning until the end. I am sincerely
love you.
Not forget also to mention all of English Department 2009’s friends
who have been so kind and caring. Thanks for the beautiful memories and
experiences throughout these years. It is unforgettable. I hope you guys are
doing good and one day will be a very successful person. Thanks to all of
you.
To the family, friends, seniors, juniors, and all the people who I do
not mention, I would like to thank you for all the help and support. May
Allah repay all of your kindness.
Medan,
July 2013
The Writer,
Zarlina
Reg. Number 090705015
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul An Analysis of Slavery and Its Impact Towards Black
People in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Penulisan skripsi ini
dilatarbelakangi oleh ketertarikan penulis terhadap tema utama dari novel karya
Harriet Beecher Stowe yang berjudul Uncle Tom’s Cabin, yaitu perbudakan yang
terjadi di Amerika. Skripsi ini membahas tentang perbudakan yang di alami orang
kulit hitam yang dipaksa bekerja demi keuntungan sang pemilik. Mereka
diperlakukan seperti barang dan kerap menerima kekerasan fisik. Dari serangkaian
peristiwa yang dialami, muncullah dampak terhadap kehidupan para budak
tersebut. Dalam mengerjakan skripsi ini, penulis mengacu pada pengkajian karya
sastra secara intrinsik seperti dikemukakan Rene Wellek dan Austin Warren
dengan menekankan pada salah satu unsur novel, yaitu tema. Adapun metode yang
digunakan dalam melakukan analisis adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil analisis,
ditemukan bahwa dampak dari perbudakan bagi kulit hitam diantaranya hidup
dalam keterbatasan dan adanya diskriminasi ras.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled An Analysis of Slavery and Its Impact Towards Black
People in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin. This thesis is done
because of the writer’s interest of the main themes of the novel by Harriet Beecher
Stowe, entitled Uncle Tom's Cabin, the slavery that happened in America. This
thesis discusses the nature of slavery in which black people are forced to work for
the benefit of the owner. They are treated like properties and often receive physical
abuse. From those experience, there is an impact on the life of the slaves. In doing
this thesis, the author refers to the study of literature intrinsically as stated by Rene
Wellek and Austin Warren, with emphasizing on one of the novel’s element,
theme. The method which is used in the analysis is qualitative descriptive. From
the analysis, it is found that the impact of slavery for black people are living among
the restrictions and racial discrimination.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................
i
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..............................................................................
iii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ..............................................................
1
1.2 Problem of the Study ....................................................................
6
1.3 Objective of the Study ..................................................................
6
1.4 Scope of the Study .......................................................................
6
1.5 Significance of the Study .............................................................
7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Literature ......................................................................................
2.1.1 Novel
8
.............................................................................
8
2.1.1.1 Theme .................................................................
8
2.2 Review of Related Theories .........................................................
10
2.3 Review of Related Literature .......................................................
12
2.4 Slavery in America .......................................................................
13
2.4.1 The Importance of Cotton Gin ..........................................
14
2.4.2
14
Rise of Abolition Movement ............................................
Universitas Sumatera Utara
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design ............................................................................
16
3.2 Data Collection .............................................................................
18
3.3 Data Analysis ...............................................................................
20
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1 Slavery in Uncle Tom’s Cabin .....................................................
22
4.1.1 Slaves As Properties ...........................................................
23
4.1.2 Object of Physical Abuse ...................................................
28
4.2 The Impact of Slavery ..................................................................
32
4.2.1 Life With Restriction .........................................................
32
4.2.2 Racial Discrimination ........................................................
34
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion ....................................................................................
37
5.2 Suggestion ....................................................................................
38
REFERENCES ..............................................................................................
39
APPENDICES
i.
Summary of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
ii.
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Biography and Works
Universitas Sumatera Utara