Pembuatan selulosa hidroksi metil ester lemak sawit dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) Dan Asam Lemak Sawit Distilat (ALSD)
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
. 2004. Assembly and Operating Manual for Laboratory Short Path
Distillation Plant type KDL 5. UIC GmBh. Jerman.
. 2012a. Investasi industri minyak goreng kelapa sawit. Diunduh dari
http://
regionalinvestment.kpm.go.id/newsipid/userfiles/daerah/6404/attachmen
t/Minyak%20Goreng%20Kelapa%20Sawit.pdf, 6 Februari 2012.
. 2012b. Konsumsi minyak makan naik pesat. Diunduh dari
http://economy. okezone.com/read/2010/02/24/320/306777/konsumsiminyak-makan-naik-pesat, 7 Februari 2012.
. 2012c. Selulosa asetat. Diunduh dari http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Selulosa_ asetat, 9 Februari 2012.
Abdul Aziz, A., H. Mohamad, and M. Anis. 2002. Preparation of cellulose from
oil palm empty fruit bunches via ethanol digestion: Effect of acid and
alkali catalysts. Journal of Oil Palm Research, Vol. 14.
Bozell, J. 2004. Oleochemicals as a feedstock for the birefinery : High value
products from fats and oils. National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Report, New York.
Champanella, A. and M. A. Baltanas. 2005a. Degradation of the oxiranering of
epoxidized vegetable oils in liquid-liquid systems : I. Hydrolysis and
attack by H2O2. Latin American Applied Research, Vol. 35:205-210.
Champanella, A. and M. A. Baltanas. 2005b. Degradation of the oxiranering of
epoxidized vegetable oils in liquid-liquid systems : II. Reactivity with
solvated acetic and peracetic acids. Latin American Applied Research,
Vol. 35:211-216.
Chongkhong, S., C. Tongurai, P. Chetpattananondh, and C. Bunyakan. 2007.
Biodiesel production by esterification of palm fatty acid distillate.
Elsevier Ltd. Doi:10.1016/j.biombioc.2007.03.001.
Chu, B. S. 2004. Chromatographic separation of preconcentrated vitamin E from
Palm Fatty Acids Distillate. PhD thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Chua, C. S. L. 2007. Methods for squalene concentration from Palm Fatty Acids
Distillate. Master thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Darnoko, Z. Poeloengan, dan I. Anas. 1993. Pembuatan pupuk organik dari
Tandan kosong Kelapa Sawit. Buletin PPKS, no. 2.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Darnoko, P. Guritno, A. Sugiharto, dan S. Sugesti. 1995. Pembuatan pulp dari
tandan kosong dengan penambahan surfaktan. Jurnal PPKS, Vol. 3. no.
1.
Derawi, D. And J. Salimon. 2010. Optimization on epoxidation of palm olein by
using performic acid. E-Journal of Chemistr, Vol. 7. no. 4.
Direktorat Jendral Perkebunan. 2010. Tanaman perkebunan, statistic 2010 (Kelapa
Sawit). Jakarta.
Erwinsyah, K. Pamin, dan P. Guritno. 1997. Pemanfaatan serat tandan kosong
sawit untuk pot tanaman kelapa sawit di pembibitan awal. Jurnal PPKS,
Vol. 5. no. 3.
Ewulonu, C. M. Dan I. O. Igwe. 2011. Properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch
fibre filled high density polyethylene. International of Journal of
Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3(6).
Fengel, D. 1995. Kimia kayu, ultrastruktur, rekasi-reaksi. Gadjah Mada University
Press. Yogyakarta.
Fessenden, R. J. dan J. S. Fessenden. 1989. Kimia Organik (Alih bahasa A. H.
Pudjaatmaka). Edisi ketiga, Penerbit Erlangga, Jakarta.
Gan, L. H., S. H. Goh, and K. S. Ooi. 1992. Kinetics studies of epoxidation and
oxirane cleavage of palm olein methyl esters. Journal American Oil
Chemist Society, Vol. 69.
Gert, E. V., V. I. Torgashov, and F. N. Kaputskii. 2003. Production, properties,
and structure of high-substituted cellulose nitrate. Journal of Polymer
Science, Vol. 27. no. 10.
Grastrom, M. 2009. Cellulose derivatives: synthesis, properties and application.
Helsinki University, ISBN. 978-952-10-5485-3.
Guritno, P., D. P. Ariana, dan E. Susilawati. 1998. Pemanfaatan tandan kosong
sawit sebagai bahan baku pembuatan pulp semikimia. Jurnal PPKS, Vol.
6. no. 1.
Guritno, P., Darnoko, Daswir, dan Soetrisno. 1995. Produksi kertas kraft dari
tandan kosong sawit pada skala pilot. Jurnal PPKS, Vol. 3. no. 2.
Hartono, A. J. dan A. V. Purba. 1986. Penyidikan Spektrofotometrik Senyawa
Organik. Penerbit Erlangga, Jakarta.
Haryati, T. dan L. Buana. 1992. Pengaruh suhu dan lama waktu kristalisasi.
Menara Perkebunan, Vol. 60. no. 3.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Herawan, T., E. Nuryanto, dan P. Guritno. 1999a. Penggunaan asam lemak sawit
ebagai sumber bahan baku superpalmamida. Jurnal PPKS, Vol. 7. no. 1.
Herawan, T., P. Guritno, Erwinsyah, dan F. Schuchardt. 1999b. Proses
pengomposan tandan kosong kelapa sawit skala semi-produksi. Warta
PPKS, Vol. 7. no. 2.
Hill, K. 2000. Fats and oils as oleochemical raw materials. Pure Applied
Chemistry, 72 (7).
Kirk, R. E. and D. F. Othmer. 1982. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Vol.
8-9. Third Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Klem, D., H. P. Schmauder, and T. Heinze. 2012. Cellulose. Diunduh dari
http://www.
wileyvch.de/books/biopoly/pdf_v06/bpol6010_275_287.pdf, 9 Februari 2012.
Krell, E. 1982. Separation processes, in Handbook of Laboratory Distillation.
Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, New York, p. 292-306.
Kuntom, A., T. Y. Ai, S. W. Lin, N. A. Idris, M. Yusof, T. T. Sue, and N. A.
Ibrahim. 2005. MPOB Test Methods. Malaysian Palm Oil Board.
Lee, P. L., W. M. Z. Wan Yunus, S. K. Yeong, D. K. Abdullah, and W. H. Lim.
2009. Optimization of the epoxidation of methyl ester of palm fatty acid
distillate. Journal of Oil Palm research, Vol. 21.
Liang, J. H. and Lucy Sun Hwang. 2000. Fractionationof squid visceral oil ethyl
esters by short-path distillation. JAOCS, Vol. 77, no. 7.
Marikena, N., S. Pandia, dan E. Nuryanto. 2007. Kajian mengenai pemanfaatan
tandan kosong sawit untuk pembuatan selulosa nitrat. Warta PPKS, Vol.
15. no. 2.
Misdawati. 2005. Sintesis selulosa kaproat melalui reaksi interesterifikasi antara
selulosa asetat denngan metal kaproat. Jurnal Sains Kimia. Vol. 5, No. 1,
p. 38-45.
Mohd. Salleh, M. A., N. H. Kisiki, H. M. Yusuf, dan W. A. Wan Ab Karim
Ghani. 2010. Gasification of biochar from empty fruit bunch in a
fluidized bed reactor. Energies, Vol. 3, p. 1344-1352.
Morad, N. A., M. K. Abd. Aziz, and Rohani. 2006. Prosess degumming and
bleaching of palm oil. Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied
Research (CLEAR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Muckerheide, V. J. 1954. Production of fatty acids. Separation methods. JAOCS,
Vol. 31, no. 3.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Ng, S. H., A. Ghazali, and C.P. Leh. 2011. Anthraquinon-aided hydrogen
peroxide reinforced oxygen delignification of oil palm (Elaeis
guineensis) EFB pulp: A
Noor Izani, N. J. dan C. O. Ibrahim. 1996. Palm Fatty Acids Distillate as substrate
for glycerides synthesis by lipase of Aspergillus niger. Annales
Bogorienses, Vol. 4 no. 2.
Nuryanto, E. Dan S. Sadi. 1996. Pembuatan senyawa N-etanol alkyl amida dari
asam lemak sawit. Jurnal PPKS, Vol. 4. no. 1.
Nuryanto, E. 1997. Pemanfaatan asam lemak sawit distilat untuk pembuatan
senyawa turunan oksigen. WARTA PPKS, Vol. 5. no. 3.
Nuryanto, E. 2000. Pemanfaatan tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebagai sumber
bahan kimia. WARTA PPKS, Vol. 8, no. 3.
Oil World. 2010. Oil Worl Data Base March 2010. ISTA Mileke GmBh.
Germany.
Pantzaris, T. P. 1995. Pocketbook of palm oil uses. Third edition. Palm Oil
Research Intitute of Malaysia, Ministry of Primary Industries, Malaysia.
Piazza, G. J., A. Nunez, and T. A. Foglia. 2003. Epoxidation of fatty acids, fatty
methyl esters, and alkenes by immobilized oat seed peroxygenase.
Journal of Molecular Catalysisi, Vol. 21.
Rios, L. A. 2003. Hetergeneously catalyzed reactions with vegetable oils :
epoxidation and nucleophilic epoxide ring-opening with alcohol.
Disertation, University of Technology RWTH- Aachen.
Riswoko, A. 2006. Pembuatan selulosa ester dan karakterisasi sifat polimer kristal
cair. Akta Kimindo, Vol. 1, No. 2, 79-86.
Santos Correa, I. N., S. L. Souza, M. Catran, O. L. Bernardes, M. F. Portilho, and
M. A. Pereira. Enzymatic biodiesel synthesis using a byproduct obtained
from Palm Oil Refining. Enzyme Research, Vol. 2011, article ID 814507
Sari, R. 2004. Bleaching pulp hasil hidrolisis tandan kosong kelapa sawit.
Paradigma, Vol. 8, hal. 109-118.
Scrimgeour, C., 2005. Chemistry of fatty acids, in Bailey’s Industrial Oil and Fat
Products, sixth edition. Edited by Fereidoan Shahid. John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
Setyawan,
H.
Y.
2012.
Distilasi
molekuler.
Diunduh
dari
http://hendrix.lecture.ub.ac.id/ 2011/11/distilasi-molekuler-1/, 7 Februari
2012.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Shi, J., L. R. Posada, Y. Kakuda, and S. J. Xue. 2007. Molecular distillation of
palm oil distillates : Evaporation rates, relative volatility, and
distribution coefficients of tocotrienols and other minor components.
Separation Science and Technology, Vol. 42. no. 14.
Silverstein, R. M., G. C. Bassler, dan T. C. Morrill. 1986. Penyidikan
spektrometrik senyawa organik. Penerbit Erlangga, Jakarta.
Sinaga, M. S. 2005. Epoksidasi minyak sawit dengan proses in-situ. Jurnal
Teknologi Proses. Vol.4, no. 2.
Siyamak, S. N. A. Ibrahim, dan S. Abdolmohammadi. 2012. Effect of fiber
esterification on fundamental properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch
fiber/poly(buthylene adipate-co-terephathalate) biocomposites. Int. J.
Mol. Sci. Vol. 13, p. 1327-1346.
Soplah, S. S. A. 2010. Use of oil palm empty fruit bunch for lignophenol
production. Master thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Suhaimi, M. and H. K. Ong. 2002. Composting empty fruit bunches of oil palm.
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI),
Malaysia.
Suyati. 2008. Pembuatan selulosa asetat dari limbah serbuk gergaji kayu dan
identifikasinya. Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Tanaka, R. 2005. Utilisation of oil palm biomass for various types of pulp.
Forestry and Products Research Institute, Japan.
Underwood, A. L. dan R. A. Day. 1987. Kimia analitik kuantitatif. Edisi ke
empat, Penerbit Ganesha, Bandung.
Wahyuniarti, D. 2011. Tinjauan pasar minyak goreng. Kementrian Perdagangan
Republik Indonesia. Edisi: 01/MGR/01/2011.
Wang, Y., L. Yang, G. Luo, and Y. Dai. 2009. Preparation of cellulose acetate
membrane filled with metal oxide particles for the prevaporation
separation on methanol/methyl tert-butyl ether mixtures. Chemical
Engineering Journal, Vol. 146. p. 6-10.
Wei, Y., F. Cheng, and G. Hou. 2007. Synthesis and properties of fatty acid esters
of cellulose. Journal of Scientific & Industrial research. Vol. 66. pp.
1019-1024.
Yuliasari, R. dan T. Herawan. 1999a. Peranan H2SO4 pada reaksi epoksidasi metil
oleat asam lemak sawit. WARTA PPKS, Vol. 2.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Yuliasari, R., T. Herawan, dan E. Nuryanto. 1999b. Sintesis senyawa dioksolan
dari asam lemak sawit distilat. Jurnal PPKS, Vol. 7. no. 2.
Zainan, N. H., Md. Z. Alam, dan M. F. Al-Khatib. 2011. Production of sugar by
hydrolysis of empty fruit bunches using palm oil mill effluent (POME)
based celluloses : Optimization study. African Journal of Biotechnology,
Vol. 10 (81).
Universitas Sumatera Utara
. 2004. Assembly and Operating Manual for Laboratory Short Path
Distillation Plant type KDL 5. UIC GmBh. Jerman.
. 2012a. Investasi industri minyak goreng kelapa sawit. Diunduh dari
http://
regionalinvestment.kpm.go.id/newsipid/userfiles/daerah/6404/attachmen
t/Minyak%20Goreng%20Kelapa%20Sawit.pdf, 6 Februari 2012.
. 2012b. Konsumsi minyak makan naik pesat. Diunduh dari
http://economy. okezone.com/read/2010/02/24/320/306777/konsumsiminyak-makan-naik-pesat, 7 Februari 2012.
. 2012c. Selulosa asetat. Diunduh dari http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Selulosa_ asetat, 9 Februari 2012.
Abdul Aziz, A., H. Mohamad, and M. Anis. 2002. Preparation of cellulose from
oil palm empty fruit bunches via ethanol digestion: Effect of acid and
alkali catalysts. Journal of Oil Palm Research, Vol. 14.
Bozell, J. 2004. Oleochemicals as a feedstock for the birefinery : High value
products from fats and oils. National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Report, New York.
Champanella, A. and M. A. Baltanas. 2005a. Degradation of the oxiranering of
epoxidized vegetable oils in liquid-liquid systems : I. Hydrolysis and
attack by H2O2. Latin American Applied Research, Vol. 35:205-210.
Champanella, A. and M. A. Baltanas. 2005b. Degradation of the oxiranering of
epoxidized vegetable oils in liquid-liquid systems : II. Reactivity with
solvated acetic and peracetic acids. Latin American Applied Research,
Vol. 35:211-216.
Chongkhong, S., C. Tongurai, P. Chetpattananondh, and C. Bunyakan. 2007.
Biodiesel production by esterification of palm fatty acid distillate.
Elsevier Ltd. Doi:10.1016/j.biombioc.2007.03.001.
Chu, B. S. 2004. Chromatographic separation of preconcentrated vitamin E from
Palm Fatty Acids Distillate. PhD thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Chua, C. S. L. 2007. Methods for squalene concentration from Palm Fatty Acids
Distillate. Master thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Darnoko, Z. Poeloengan, dan I. Anas. 1993. Pembuatan pupuk organik dari
Tandan kosong Kelapa Sawit. Buletin PPKS, no. 2.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Darnoko, P. Guritno, A. Sugiharto, dan S. Sugesti. 1995. Pembuatan pulp dari
tandan kosong dengan penambahan surfaktan. Jurnal PPKS, Vol. 3. no.
1.
Derawi, D. And J. Salimon. 2010. Optimization on epoxidation of palm olein by
using performic acid. E-Journal of Chemistr, Vol. 7. no. 4.
Direktorat Jendral Perkebunan. 2010. Tanaman perkebunan, statistic 2010 (Kelapa
Sawit). Jakarta.
Erwinsyah, K. Pamin, dan P. Guritno. 1997. Pemanfaatan serat tandan kosong
sawit untuk pot tanaman kelapa sawit di pembibitan awal. Jurnal PPKS,
Vol. 5. no. 3.
Ewulonu, C. M. Dan I. O. Igwe. 2011. Properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch
fibre filled high density polyethylene. International of Journal of
Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3(6).
Fengel, D. 1995. Kimia kayu, ultrastruktur, rekasi-reaksi. Gadjah Mada University
Press. Yogyakarta.
Fessenden, R. J. dan J. S. Fessenden. 1989. Kimia Organik (Alih bahasa A. H.
Pudjaatmaka). Edisi ketiga, Penerbit Erlangga, Jakarta.
Gan, L. H., S. H. Goh, and K. S. Ooi. 1992. Kinetics studies of epoxidation and
oxirane cleavage of palm olein methyl esters. Journal American Oil
Chemist Society, Vol. 69.
Gert, E. V., V. I. Torgashov, and F. N. Kaputskii. 2003. Production, properties,
and structure of high-substituted cellulose nitrate. Journal of Polymer
Science, Vol. 27. no. 10.
Grastrom, M. 2009. Cellulose derivatives: synthesis, properties and application.
Helsinki University, ISBN. 978-952-10-5485-3.
Guritno, P., D. P. Ariana, dan E. Susilawati. 1998. Pemanfaatan tandan kosong
sawit sebagai bahan baku pembuatan pulp semikimia. Jurnal PPKS, Vol.
6. no. 1.
Guritno, P., Darnoko, Daswir, dan Soetrisno. 1995. Produksi kertas kraft dari
tandan kosong sawit pada skala pilot. Jurnal PPKS, Vol. 3. no. 2.
Hartono, A. J. dan A. V. Purba. 1986. Penyidikan Spektrofotometrik Senyawa
Organik. Penerbit Erlangga, Jakarta.
Haryati, T. dan L. Buana. 1992. Pengaruh suhu dan lama waktu kristalisasi.
Menara Perkebunan, Vol. 60. no. 3.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Herawan, T., E. Nuryanto, dan P. Guritno. 1999a. Penggunaan asam lemak sawit
ebagai sumber bahan baku superpalmamida. Jurnal PPKS, Vol. 7. no. 1.
Herawan, T., P. Guritno, Erwinsyah, dan F. Schuchardt. 1999b. Proses
pengomposan tandan kosong kelapa sawit skala semi-produksi. Warta
PPKS, Vol. 7. no. 2.
Hill, K. 2000. Fats and oils as oleochemical raw materials. Pure Applied
Chemistry, 72 (7).
Kirk, R. E. and D. F. Othmer. 1982. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Vol.
8-9. Third Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Klem, D., H. P. Schmauder, and T. Heinze. 2012. Cellulose. Diunduh dari
http://www.
wileyvch.de/books/biopoly/pdf_v06/bpol6010_275_287.pdf, 9 Februari 2012.
Krell, E. 1982. Separation processes, in Handbook of Laboratory Distillation.
Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, New York, p. 292-306.
Kuntom, A., T. Y. Ai, S. W. Lin, N. A. Idris, M. Yusof, T. T. Sue, and N. A.
Ibrahim. 2005. MPOB Test Methods. Malaysian Palm Oil Board.
Lee, P. L., W. M. Z. Wan Yunus, S. K. Yeong, D. K. Abdullah, and W. H. Lim.
2009. Optimization of the epoxidation of methyl ester of palm fatty acid
distillate. Journal of Oil Palm research, Vol. 21.
Liang, J. H. and Lucy Sun Hwang. 2000. Fractionationof squid visceral oil ethyl
esters by short-path distillation. JAOCS, Vol. 77, no. 7.
Marikena, N., S. Pandia, dan E. Nuryanto. 2007. Kajian mengenai pemanfaatan
tandan kosong sawit untuk pembuatan selulosa nitrat. Warta PPKS, Vol.
15. no. 2.
Misdawati. 2005. Sintesis selulosa kaproat melalui reaksi interesterifikasi antara
selulosa asetat denngan metal kaproat. Jurnal Sains Kimia. Vol. 5, No. 1,
p. 38-45.
Mohd. Salleh, M. A., N. H. Kisiki, H. M. Yusuf, dan W. A. Wan Ab Karim
Ghani. 2010. Gasification of biochar from empty fruit bunch in a
fluidized bed reactor. Energies, Vol. 3, p. 1344-1352.
Morad, N. A., M. K. Abd. Aziz, and Rohani. 2006. Prosess degumming and
bleaching of palm oil. Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied
Research (CLEAR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Muckerheide, V. J. 1954. Production of fatty acids. Separation methods. JAOCS,
Vol. 31, no. 3.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Ng, S. H., A. Ghazali, and C.P. Leh. 2011. Anthraquinon-aided hydrogen
peroxide reinforced oxygen delignification of oil palm (Elaeis
guineensis) EFB pulp: A
Noor Izani, N. J. dan C. O. Ibrahim. 1996. Palm Fatty Acids Distillate as substrate
for glycerides synthesis by lipase of Aspergillus niger. Annales
Bogorienses, Vol. 4 no. 2.
Nuryanto, E. Dan S. Sadi. 1996. Pembuatan senyawa N-etanol alkyl amida dari
asam lemak sawit. Jurnal PPKS, Vol. 4. no. 1.
Nuryanto, E. 1997. Pemanfaatan asam lemak sawit distilat untuk pembuatan
senyawa turunan oksigen. WARTA PPKS, Vol. 5. no. 3.
Nuryanto, E. 2000. Pemanfaatan tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebagai sumber
bahan kimia. WARTA PPKS, Vol. 8, no. 3.
Oil World. 2010. Oil Worl Data Base March 2010. ISTA Mileke GmBh.
Germany.
Pantzaris, T. P. 1995. Pocketbook of palm oil uses. Third edition. Palm Oil
Research Intitute of Malaysia, Ministry of Primary Industries, Malaysia.
Piazza, G. J., A. Nunez, and T. A. Foglia. 2003. Epoxidation of fatty acids, fatty
methyl esters, and alkenes by immobilized oat seed peroxygenase.
Journal of Molecular Catalysisi, Vol. 21.
Rios, L. A. 2003. Hetergeneously catalyzed reactions with vegetable oils :
epoxidation and nucleophilic epoxide ring-opening with alcohol.
Disertation, University of Technology RWTH- Aachen.
Riswoko, A. 2006. Pembuatan selulosa ester dan karakterisasi sifat polimer kristal
cair. Akta Kimindo, Vol. 1, No. 2, 79-86.
Santos Correa, I. N., S. L. Souza, M. Catran, O. L. Bernardes, M. F. Portilho, and
M. A. Pereira. Enzymatic biodiesel synthesis using a byproduct obtained
from Palm Oil Refining. Enzyme Research, Vol. 2011, article ID 814507
Sari, R. 2004. Bleaching pulp hasil hidrolisis tandan kosong kelapa sawit.
Paradigma, Vol. 8, hal. 109-118.
Scrimgeour, C., 2005. Chemistry of fatty acids, in Bailey’s Industrial Oil and Fat
Products, sixth edition. Edited by Fereidoan Shahid. John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
Setyawan,
H.
Y.
2012.
Distilasi
molekuler.
Diunduh
dari
http://hendrix.lecture.ub.ac.id/ 2011/11/distilasi-molekuler-1/, 7 Februari
2012.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Shi, J., L. R. Posada, Y. Kakuda, and S. J. Xue. 2007. Molecular distillation of
palm oil distillates : Evaporation rates, relative volatility, and
distribution coefficients of tocotrienols and other minor components.
Separation Science and Technology, Vol. 42. no. 14.
Silverstein, R. M., G. C. Bassler, dan T. C. Morrill. 1986. Penyidikan
spektrometrik senyawa organik. Penerbit Erlangga, Jakarta.
Sinaga, M. S. 2005. Epoksidasi minyak sawit dengan proses in-situ. Jurnal
Teknologi Proses. Vol.4, no. 2.
Siyamak, S. N. A. Ibrahim, dan S. Abdolmohammadi. 2012. Effect of fiber
esterification on fundamental properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch
fiber/poly(buthylene adipate-co-terephathalate) biocomposites. Int. J.
Mol. Sci. Vol. 13, p. 1327-1346.
Soplah, S. S. A. 2010. Use of oil palm empty fruit bunch for lignophenol
production. Master thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Suhaimi, M. and H. K. Ong. 2002. Composting empty fruit bunches of oil palm.
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI),
Malaysia.
Suyati. 2008. Pembuatan selulosa asetat dari limbah serbuk gergaji kayu dan
identifikasinya. Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Tanaka, R. 2005. Utilisation of oil palm biomass for various types of pulp.
Forestry and Products Research Institute, Japan.
Underwood, A. L. dan R. A. Day. 1987. Kimia analitik kuantitatif. Edisi ke
empat, Penerbit Ganesha, Bandung.
Wahyuniarti, D. 2011. Tinjauan pasar minyak goreng. Kementrian Perdagangan
Republik Indonesia. Edisi: 01/MGR/01/2011.
Wang, Y., L. Yang, G. Luo, and Y. Dai. 2009. Preparation of cellulose acetate
membrane filled with metal oxide particles for the prevaporation
separation on methanol/methyl tert-butyl ether mixtures. Chemical
Engineering Journal, Vol. 146. p. 6-10.
Wei, Y., F. Cheng, and G. Hou. 2007. Synthesis and properties of fatty acid esters
of cellulose. Journal of Scientific & Industrial research. Vol. 66. pp.
1019-1024.
Yuliasari, R. dan T. Herawan. 1999a. Peranan H2SO4 pada reaksi epoksidasi metil
oleat asam lemak sawit. WARTA PPKS, Vol. 2.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Yuliasari, R., T. Herawan, dan E. Nuryanto. 1999b. Sintesis senyawa dioksolan
dari asam lemak sawit distilat. Jurnal PPKS, Vol. 7. no. 2.
Zainan, N. H., Md. Z. Alam, dan M. F. Al-Khatib. 2011. Production of sugar by
hydrolysis of empty fruit bunches using palm oil mill effluent (POME)
based celluloses : Optimization study. African Journal of Biotechnology,
Vol. 10 (81).
Universitas Sumatera Utara