PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXV, Semester Genap, Tahun 20132014
PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
Periode LXV, Semester Genap, Tahun 2013/2014
LANDASAN TEORI PEMIKIRAN WISATA VULKANOLOGI DI DIENG WONOSOBO
Tema Desain
Arsitektur Neo Vernakular
Fokus Kajian
Pengolahan Lansekap Pada Lahan Berkontur
Disusun oleh :
ADI PERMANA (09.11.0023)
Dosen Pembimbing
Dr.Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT
NIDN 628126101
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
April 2014
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan
memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
PRAKATA
Puji Syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa penulis ucapkan, karena atas berkat-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan proposal Proyek Akhir Arsitektur periode 65 tahu 2014/2015 dengan judul “Wisata Vulkanologi Di Dieng, Wonosobo” ini. Terimakasih juga penulis ucapkan kepada pihak-pihak yang telah membantu terwujudnya proposal ini:
1. Dr. Ir. VG Sri Rejeki, MT , atas bimbingan, dukungan, saran, dan motivasi yang diberikan dalam Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 65 ini.
2. Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT , selaku dosen koordinator PAA 65.
3. Keluarga dan kerabat yang telah mendukung kelancaran penulis dalam menyusun proposal ini, yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu per satu. Minimnya pengetahuan tentang sejarah kegunung apian serta pengetahuan menarik yang belum banyak masyarakat tahu serta benda
- – benda bersejarah yang tersebar secara liar tanpa pengawasan khusus dari dinas pariwisata maupun para arkeolog.
Sumber air panas, merupakan sebuah potensi alam yang sangat bermanfaat dan harus dikelola dengan benar sehingga dapat menjadi potensi wisata tanpa harus terbuang sia
- – sia. Pemanfaatan sumber air panas alami ini dapat mendorong masyarakat untuk mengawasi dan mengontrol distribusi air panas dari sumber, sehingga dapat mengalir alami tanpa terkontaminasi zat lain.
.
Akhir kata, penulis mohon maaf jika dalam penulisan dan penyusunan proposal ini ada kata yang kurang berkenan. Harapan penulis, semoga proyek yang diusulkan dalam proposal ini dapat bermanfaat, dan dapat memberikan kontribusi secara akademik kepada pembaca.
Semarang, April 2014 Penulis
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL .......................................................................................i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ..........................................................................ii PRAKATA ....................................................................................................iii DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................v DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................vii DAFTAR TABEL ..........................................................................................viii
BAB I. Pendahuluan .....................................................................................1
1.1. Latar Belakang Proyek Wisata Vulkanologi ........................................1
1.1.1. Urgensi .....................................................................................1
1.1.2. Kebutuhan (Need) ....................................................................2
1.1.3. Keterkaitan (Relevancy) ...........................................................2
1.1.4. Motivasi Pemilihan Judul ..........................................................3
1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran ...........................................................................3
1.2.1. Tujuan ......................................................................................3
1.2.2. Sasaran ....................................................................................4
1.2.3. Manfaat dan Kontribusi .............................................................4
1.3. Lingkup Pembahasan .........................................................................5
1.4. Metoda Pembahasan .........................................................................6
1.4.1. Metoda Pengumpulan Data ......................................................6
1.4.2. Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa .............................................6
1.4.3. Metoda Pemograman ...............................................................7
1.4.4. Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ...............................................9
1.5. Sistematika Pembahasan ...................................................................10
BAB II. TINJAUAN PROJEK WISATA VULKANOLOGI ...............................15
2.1. Tinjauan Umum Projek Wisata Vulkanologi ......................................15
2.1.1. Gambaran Umum .....................................................................15
2.1.2. Latar Belakang Perkembangan Trend ......................................16
2.1.3. Sasaran Yang Akan Dicapai .....................................................18
2.2. Tinjauan Khusus Projek Kawasan Wisata Vulkanologi ......................19
2.2.1. Terminologi ...............................................................................19
2.2.2. Kegiatan ...................................................................................27
2.2.3. Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain .........................................31
2.2.4. Deskripsi Lokasi Projek ............................................................43
2.2.5. Studi Komparasi Projek Sejenis ...............................................48
2.2.6. Permasalahan Desain ..............................................................55
2.3. Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan ................................................56
2.3.1. Kesimpulan ...............................................................................56
2.3.2. Batasan ....................................................................................74
2.3.3. Anggapan .................................................................................75
BAB III. ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ....................76
3.1. Analisa Pendekatan Kawasan ............................................................76
3.1.1. Analisa Konteks Lingkungan ....................................................76
3.1.2. Analisa Skenario Perencanaan Kawasan .................................86
3.1.3. Analisa Kondisi Sistem Sarana dan Prasarana ........................89
3.2. Analisa Pendekatan Masing Masing Fungsi .......................................93
3.2.1. Studi Aktivitas ...........................................................................93
3.2.2. Studi Jumlah Pengelola Kawasan ............................................95
3.2.3. Studi Jumlah Pengunjung ........................................................97
3.2.4. Pola Kegiatan ...........................................................................99
3.2.5. Pembagian Zonasi ...................................................................104
3.2.6. Studi Fasilitas ...........................................................................105
3.2.7. Studi Preseden .........................................................................113
3.2.8. Studi Kebutuhan Luas ..............................................................118
3.2.9. Studi Citra Arsitektural ..............................................................134
3.3. Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ..............................................138
3.3.1. Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ........................................138
3.3.2. Studi Sistem Utilitas .................................................................142
3.3.2.1. Utilitas Khusus ............................................................142
3.3.2.2. Sistem Pencahayaan ..................................................144
3.3.2.3. Sistem Penghawaan ...................................................148
3.3.2.4. Sistem Keamanan ......................................................149
3.3.2.5. Sistem Plumbing dan Sanitasi ....................................157
3.3.2.6. Sistem Jaringan Listrik ................................................158
3.3.3. Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi ..................................................159
3.4. Analisa Konteks Lingkungan ..............................................................162
3.4.1. Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi .........................................................162
3.4.2. Alternatif Lokasi ........................................................................165
3.4.3. Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ..........................................................168
3.4.5. Analisa Pengolahan Lansekap Tapak ......................................174
BAB IV. PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .............................................................175
4.1. Program Kawasan ..............................................................................175
4.1.1. Konsep Program dan Tema Kawasan ......................................175
4.1.2. Tujuan, Faktor Penentu, dan Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ...........................................................................................................178
4.1.3. Skenario Program Kawasan .....................................................181
4.1.4. Sarana dan Pra Sarana ............................................................185
4.2. Program Masing Masing Fungsi .........................................................187
4.2.1. Program Kegiatan ....................................................................187
4.2.1.1. Pola Aktifitas ...............................................................187
4.2.2. Program Besaran Ruang ..........................................................193
4.2.2.1. Zonasi Ruang .............................................................193
4.2.2.2. Konsep Ruang Luar ....................................................198
4.2.2.3. Konsep Ruang Dalam .................................................205
4.2.3. Program Sistem Struktur ..........................................................205
4.2.4. Program Sistem Utilitas ............................................................208
BAB V. KAJIAN TEORI ................................................................................221
5.1. Kajian Teori Tema Desain ..................................................................221
5.1.1. Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Tema Desain ..............221
5.1.2. Studi Preseden .........................................................................225
5.1.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Tema Desain..........................234
5.2. Kajian Teori Permasalahn Dominan ...................................................235
5.2.1. Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Permasalahan Desain ...........................................................................................................235
5.2.2. Studi Preseden .........................................................................237
5.2.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahn Dominan ..........239 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .....................................................................................ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR
BAB II Gambar 2.1: Kolam Air Panas .....................................................................17 Gambar 2.2: Skema Vulkanologi .................................................................22 Gambar 2.3: Bagan Fungsi dan Kegiatan Utama Kunjungan Museum ........23 Gambar 2.4: Display di Dalam Museum Vulkanologi ...................................23 Gambar 2.5: Miniatur Gunung Merapi ..........................................................24 Gambar 2.6: Kolam Air Panas Outdoor .......................................................25 Gambar 2.7: Kolam Indoor (private) .............................................................26 Gambar 2.8: Struktur Organisasi .................................................................27 Gambar 2.9: Bagan Fungsi dan Kegiatan Penunjang ..................................36 Gambar 2.10: Bagan Fungsi dan Kegiatan Pemandian Air Panas ..............37 Gambar 2.11: Kolam Air Panas Khusus ......................................................39 Gambar 2.12: Kolam Indoor (private) ...........................................................40 Gambar 2.13: Pengolahan Limbah Cair .......................................................41 Gambar 2.14: Tabel Jumlah Wisatawan di Kabupaten Wonosobo ..............44 Gambar 2.15: Jumlah Pelaku Usaha Penunjang Pariwisata ........................45 Gambar 2.16: Peta Lokasi Kecamatan Mojotengah .....................................46 Gambar 2.17: Peta Lokasi Desa Mudal .......................................................47 Gambar 2.18: Museum Gunung Merapi .......................................................49 Gambar 2.19: Implementasi Desain Museum Gunung Merapi ....................49 Gambar 2.20: Pancuran Pada Pemandian Air Panas Guci .........................51
Gambar 2.21: Vulcanology Centre, France ..................................................53 Gambar 2.22: Bird-eye-view Vulcanology Centre ........................................53 Gambar 2.23: Peta Lokasi Pemandian Air Panas Beppu ............................54 Gambar 2.24: Salah Satu Pemandian Air Panas di Beppu ..........................55 Gambar 2.25: Struktur Organisasi Pengelola ..............................................59 Gambar 2.26: Peta Lokasi Kecamatan Mojotengah di Kab.Wonosobo .......72
BAB III Gambar 3.1: Peta Pembagian Kecamatan Kabupaten Wonosobo ..............76 Gambar 3.2: Peta Wisata Kawasan Dieng ...................................................77 Gambar 3.3: Analisa S-W-O-T .....................................................................80 Gambar 3.4: Kondisi Eksisting Tapak ..........................................................81 Gambar 3.5: Peta Topografi Kawasan Mudal ..............................................83 Gambar 3.6: Skenario Wisata Vulkanologi (Makro) .....................................86 Gambar 3.7: Skenario Wisata Vulkanologi (Mikro) ......................................88 Gambar 3.8: Peta Ketersediaan Jaringan Listrik..........................................90 Gambar 3.9: Peta Ketersediaan Air Bersih ..................................................92 Gambar 3.10: Tabel Jumlah Wisatawan di Kabupaten Wonosobo ..............97 Gambar 3.11: Bagan Alir Pola Aktifitas Utama ............................................99 Gambar 3.12: Bagan Alir Pola Aktifitas Pengunjung ....................................100 Gambar 3.13: Bagan Pola Alir Aktifitas Wisata Museum Vulkanologi ..........101 Gambar 3.14: Bagan Alir Pola Aktifitas Pemandian Air Panas ....................102 Gambar 3.15: Pola Hubungan Ruang dan Alur Sirkulasi .............................103
Gambar 3.16: Konsep Perancangan Perspektif Interior Museum Gunung Merapi, Sleman ............................................................................................105 Gambar 3.17: Penampang Lantai Dasar Museum .......................................107 Gambar 3.18: Implementasi Interior Lantai Dasar Museum .........................107 Gambar 3.19: Serbuk Fosfor........................................................................108 Gambar 3.20: Macam
- – Macam Perpaduan Fosfor Dengan Cat/Pewarna ..108 Gambar 3.21: Magic Fountain of Mountjuic, Barcelona ...............................109 Gambar 3.22: Volcano Fountain ..................................................................109 Gambar 3.23: Planar LCD PS5580 ..............................................................110 Gambar 3.24: Penampang Lantai 1 Museum ..............................................111 Gambar 3.25: Replika Gunung Merapi di Museum Gunung Merapi ............111
Gambar 3.26: Penaampang Lantai 2 Museum ............................................112 Gambar 3.27: Salah Satu Hall di Museum Gunung Merapi .........................112 Gambar 3.28: Pintu Masuk Ke Hall Utama ..................................................113 Gambar 3.29: Hall Utama Museum Gunung Merapi, Sleman ......................113 Gambar 3.30: Tampak Depan Museum Saat Hari Minggu ..........................114 Gambar 3.31: Media Interaktif Berupa TV Sekaligus Display CCTV ............115 Gambar 3.32: Media Interaktif Berupa Poster pada Hall Utama ..................115 Gambar 3.33: Void Pada Hall Utama ...........................................................116 Gambar 3.34: Replika Gunung Merapi ........................................................116 Gambar 3.35: Penunjuk Alur Sirkulasi di Dalam Museum ...........................117 Gambar 3.36: Joglo Sebagai Elemen Neo Vernakular ................................135 Gambar 3.37: Joglo Di Alun
- – Alun Wonosobo ............................................136
Gambar 3.38: Penerapan Joglo Pada Bangunan Resort ............................136 Gambar 3.39: Penerapan Joglo Pada Tepi Kolam .......................................137 Gambar 3.40: Ornamen Tradisional Jawa ..................................................137 Gambar 3.41: Penerapan Space Frame Pada Mall .....................................138 Gambar 3.42: Detail Batang Space Frame ..................................................139 Gambar 3.43: Struktur Rangka Kayu Pada Joglo ........................................139 Gambar 3.44: Variasi Bentuk Struktur Joglo ................................................140 Gambar 3.45: Penerapan Dinding Batu Bata Ekspos ..................................141 Gambar 3.46: Contoh Beberapa tipe Nozzle ...............................................142 Gambar 3.47: Aneka Jenis Nozzle ...............................................................143 Gambar 3.48: Pompa Submersible Air Mancur Kecil ...................................143 Gambar 3.49: Pompa Air Mancur Pada Kolam ............................................144 Gambar 3.50: Pompa Air Panas UPS series 100 ........................................144 Gambar 3.51: Macam
- – Macam Sistem Pencahayaan ................................145 Gambar 3.52: Bebagai Macam Ukuran Lampu TL - UV ..............................146 Gambar 3.53: Nyala Lampu UV ...................................................................146 Gambar 3.54: Efek Glow In The Dark Pada Cairan .....................................147 Gambar 3.55: Beberapa Tipe Exhaust Fan .................................................148 Gambar 3.56: Bagian
- – Bagian APAR .........................................................151 Gambar 3.57: Jenis –Jenis Kebakaran APAR .............................................152 Gambar 3.58: Prosedur Penggunaan APAR ...............................................152 Gambar 3.59: Jenis – Jenis APAR ...............................................................153
Gambar 3.60: Penampang Hydrant .............................................................154
Gambar 3.61: Komponen Sprinkle ...............................................................155 Gambar 3.62: Komponen CCTV ..................................................................156 Gambar 3.63: Contoh Sistem Plumbing dan Sanitasi ..................................157 Gambar 3.64: Skema Jaringan Listrik ..........................................................158 Gambar 3.65: Sistem Penyaluran WiFi ........................................................159 Gambar 3.66: Penerapan LCD Pada Dinding ..............................................160 Gambar 3.67: Panel LCD Planar Clarity Multi Touch ...................................161 Gambar 3.68: Contoh Multi Touch Pada Planar LCD ..................................161 Gambar 3.69: Peta Administratif Kabupaten Wonosobo ..............................163 Gambar 3.70: Lokasi Terpilih, Mudal, Kecamatan Mojotengah....................164 Gambar 3.71: Lokasi Alternatif 1, Kec.Wonosobo .......................................165 Gambar 3.72: Lokasi Alternatif 2, Garung ....................................................166 Gambar 3.73: Masterplan Lokasi Terpilih dan Lokasi Alternatif ...................167 Gambar 3.74: Peta Lokasi Terpilih ...............................................................169 Gambar 3.75: Konsisi Tapak Terpilih ...........................................................170 Gambar 3.76: Peta Lokasi Alternatif Tapak 1 ..............................................171 Gambar 3.77: Foto Eksisting Alternative Tapak 1 ........................................172 Gambar 3.78: Foto Eksisting Alternative Tapak 2 ........................................173
BAB IV Gambar 4.1: Ukiran Kerajaan Mataram .......................................................176 Gambar 4.2: Bagan Pembagian Langgam ..................................................176 Gambar 4.3: Skenario Wisata Dieng Plateau ..............................................181
Gambar 4.4: Skenario Wisata Vulkanologi ..................................................183 Gambar 4.5: Paket Wisata Vulkanologi .......................................................185 Gambar 4.6: Bagan Pola Aktifitas Utama ....................................................191 Gambar 4.7: Bagan Pola Aktifitas Fasilitas Penunjang ................................191 Gambar 4.8: Bagan Pola Aktifitas Wisata Museum Vulkanologi ..................192 Gambar 4.9: Bagan Pola Aktifitas Pemandian Air Panas ............................192 Gambar 4.10: Kolam Air Panas Outdoor .....................................................199 Gambar 4.11: Contoh Kolam Outdoor Untuk Anak - Anak ...........................200 Gambar 4.12: Kolam Khusus .......................................................................201 Gambar 4.13: Contoh Seating Group ..........................................................203 Gambar 4.14: Grass Block ...........................................................................204 Gambar 4.15: Contoh Desain Teater Terbuka .............................................205 Gambar 4.16: Space Frame ........................................................................206 Gambar 4.17: Struktur Rangka Kayu (Atap Joglo) .......................................207 Gambar 4.18: Macam – Macam Sistem Pencahayaan ................................208 Gambar 4.19: Berbagai Macam Lampu TL - UV ..........................................210 Gambar 4.20: Nyala Lamupu UV .................................................................210 Gambar 4.21: Bebebrapa Tipe Exhaust Fan ...............................................211 Gambar 4.22: APAR ....................................................................................213 Gambar 4.23: Cara Menggunakan APAR ....................................................214 Gambar 4.24: Sign (Tanda) Untuk APAR ....................................................214 Gambar 4.25: Penampang Hydrant .............................................................215 Gambar 4.26: Tipe Sprinkle .........................................................................216
Gambar 4.27: Komponen CCTV ..................................................................217 Gambar 4.28: Penerapan LCD Pada Dinding ..............................................219 Gambar 4.29: Contoh Pemakaian Multi Touch Pada Planar LCD ...............220
BAB V Gambar 5.1: Ornamen Tradisional Jawa .....................................................222 Gambar 5.2: Ukiran Keraajaan Mataram ....................................................223 Gambar 5.3: Ukiran Kerajaan Pajajaran ......................................................223 Gambar 5.4: Museum Gunung Merapi .........................................................225 Gambar 5.5: Pintu Masuk Hall Utama ..........................................................226 Gambar 5.6: Hall Utama Museum Gunung Merapi, Sleman ........................226 Gambar 5.7: Tampak Depan Museum Saat Hari Minggu ............................227 Gambar 5.8: Media Interaktif Berupa TV .....................................................228 Gambar 5.9: Media Interaktif Berupa Poster Pada Hall Utama ....................228 Gambar 5.10: Salah Satu Lorong di MGM ...................................................227 Gambar 5.11: Kolam Tradisional di Guci .....................................................231 Gambar 5.12: Kolam Modern di Guci ...........................................................231 Gambar 5.13: Kolam Modern (Whirpool) di Guci .........................................232 Gambar 5.14: Vulcanology Centre, France ..................................................233 Gambar 5.15: Bird Eye View Vulcanology Center ........................................233 Gambar 5.16: Interior Lantai Dasar (Kiri), Interior Lantai Dua (Kanan) ........234 Gambar 5.17: Metode Cut and Fill ...............................................................235 Gambar 5.18: Gambar A (Split Level), Gambar B (Sengkedan) ..................236
Gambar 5.19: Split Level .............................................................................236 Gambar 5.20
: Rwanda’s Furniture Making Intitution ....................................237 Gambar 5.21: River View House Design .....................................................238 Gambar 5.22: Pemanfaatan Kontur Sebagai Tangga ..................................238 Gambar 5.23: Pemanfaatan Kontur Sebagai Taman ...................................238
DAFTAR TABEL
BAB III Tabel III.1: Koefisien Luas Bangunan (KLB) ................................................84 Tabel III.2: Koefisien Ketinggian Bangunan (KKB).......................................84 Tabel III.3: Koefisien Guna Bangunan .........................................................84 Tabel III.4: Studi Aktifitas Pengunjung (Utama) ...........................................93 Tabel III.5: Studi Aktifitas Pengunjung (Penunjang) .....................................94 Tabel III.6: Studi Aktifitas Pengelola ............................................................94 Tabel III.7: Studi Aktifitas Karyawan ............................................................95 Tabel III.8: Studi Jumlah Pengelola Kawasan ..............................................95 Tabel III.9: Kebutuhan Ruang : Fasilitas Kantor Pengelola ..........................119 Tabel III.10: Kebutuhan Ruang : Museum Vulkanologi ................................121 Tabel III.11: Kebutuhan Ruang : Pemandian Air Panas ...............................123 Tabel III.12: Kebutuhan Ruang : Fasilitas Pengunjung ................................127 Tabel III.13: Jenis
- – Jenis Lampu dan Spesifikasinya ..................................147
BAB IV Tabel IV.1: Program Kegiatan Pengunjung (Utama) ....................................187 Tabel IV.2: Program Kegiatan Penunjang ....................................................188 Tabel IV.3: Program Kegiatan Pengelola .....................................................189 Tabel IV.4: Program Kegiatan Karyawan .....................................................189 Tabel IV.5: Besaran Ruang Pengelola .........................................................193 Tabel IV.6: Besaran Ruang Museum ...........................................................193
Tabel IV.7: Besaran Ruang Pemandian Air Panas ......................................194 Tabel IV.8: Besaran Ruang Fasilitas Penunjang..........................................194 Tabel IV.9: Total Luas Lahan .......................................................................197 Tabel IV.10: Jenis Lampu dan Spesifikasinya .............................................209