s bing 0605175 table of content
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ..........................................................................................
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .........................................................................
iii
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................
vi
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ............................................................
ix
LIST OF APPENDICES ..............................................................................
x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background ...........................................................................................
1
1.2 Statement of the Problems ....................................................................
6
1.3 Objectives of the Study .........................................................................
6
1.4 Significance of the Study ......................................................................
6
1.5 Methodology ..........................................................................................
7
1.6 Definition of the Terms .........................................................................
8
1.7 Thesis Organization ..............................................................................
9
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Definition of Writing ............................................................................
10
2.2 The Writing Process ..............................................................................
11
2.3 Aspects of Writing ................................................................................
17
2.4 ESL and EFL Writing ...........................................................................
19
2.5 Academic Writing .................................................................................
20
2.6 Problems in ESL/EFL Writing ..............................................................
24
2.7 The IELTS Test ......................................................................................
28
2.8 Writing of IELTS Academic Module ...................................................
31
2.9 Writing Task 1 of IELTS Academic Module ........................................
33
ANI SUSANA, 2012
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
2.9.1 Types of Graphs ..........................................................................
34
2.9.2 Assessment Criteria .....................................................................
47
2.9.3 Assessing Writing Task 1 of IELTS Academic Module .............
52
2.9.4 IELTS Writing Task 1 Band Descriptors (Public Version) .........
56
2.9.5 Vocabulary for Writing Task 1 of IELTS Academic Module .....
59
2.9.6 Learning Materials for IELTS Writing ........................................
67
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Statement of Problems ..........................................................................
69
3.2 Research Design ....................................................................................
69
3.3 Setting ...................................................................................................
70
3.4 Participants ............................................................................................
71
3.5 Data Collection .....................................................................................
73
3.5.1 Classroom Observation ................................................................
73
3.5.2 Documentation of Students’ Texts ...............................................
74
3.5.3 Interview ......................................................................................
75
3.6 Data Analysis .........................................................................................
77
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Students’ Problems in Accomplishing Writing Task 1 of IELTS
Academic Module .................................................................................
80
4.1.1 In terms of Task Achievement .....................................................
81
4.1.1.1 Summarising significant features .....................................
82
4.1.1.2 Fulfilling minimum length of words ...............................
83
4.1.2 In terms of Coherence and Cohesion ............................................
83
4.1.2.1 Deciding subject-verb agreement .....................................
84
4.1.2.2 Using suitable tenses ........................................................
85
4.1.2.3 Using right articles............................................................
85
4.1.2.4 Making concluding paragraph ...........................................
86
4.1.2.5 Using linking words..........................................................
87
ANI SUSANA, 2012
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
4.1.3 In terms of Lexical Resource ........................................................
87
4.1.3.1 Using varied words/vocabulary ........................................
88
4.1.3.2 Paraphrasing the information in the graph .......................
90
4.1.3.3 Choosing right part of speech ...........................................
91
4.1.3.4 Using right spelling and punctuation ................................
92
4.1.4 In terms of Grammatical Range and Accuracy ............................
95
4.1.4.1 Using active and passive forms ........................................
96
4.1.4.2 Using prepositions of time and place ...............................
96
4.1.4.3 Making simple sentences ..................................................
97
4.1.4.4 Making compound and complex sentences ......................
98
4.1.5 Synthesis .......................................................................................
100
4.2 Solutions to Overcome the Students’ Problems ....................................
102
4.2.1 Teacher’s Self-initiated Solutions .................................................
102
4.2.1.1 Written Feedback .............................................................
102
4.2.1.2 Spoken Feedback .............................................................
103
4.2.2 Student’s Self-initiated Solutions..................................................
104
4.2.2.1 Editing ..............................................................................
105
4.2.2.2 Proof-reading ...................................................................
106
4.2.2.3 Conferencing ...................................................................
106
4.2.3 Students’ Peer-feedback ..............................................................
106
4.2.4 Synthesis ......................................................................................
107
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................
109
5.2 Suggestions ...........................................................................................
110
5.2.1 For English Writing Teacher .......................................................
111
5.2.2 For IELTS Candidates or/and English Students ...................................
111
5.2.3 For Institution.........................................................................................
112
5.2.4 For Further Research ............................................................................
112
ANI SUSANA, 2012
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................
113
APPENDICES ............................................................................................
119
ANI SUSANA, 2012
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure 2.1 Example of Bar Chart .................................................................
46
Figure 2.2 Example of Pie Chart ..................................................................
49
Figure 2.3 Example of Line Graph ..............................................................
51
Figure 2.4 Example of Table ........................................................................
53
Figure 2.5 Example of Process Diagram .....................................................
55
Table 2.1 IELTS Task 1 Writing Band Descriptors (Public Version) .........
68
ANI SUSANA, 2012
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Syllabus of Writing of IELTS Academic Training ..................
120
Appendix 2 Transcript of Classroom Observation .....................................
128
Appendix 3 Data of Interview with the Students ........................................
152
Appendix 4 Data of Interview with the Teacher .........................................
159
Appendix 5 Samples of Teaching Material .................................................
165
Appendix 6 Documents of Students’ Texts .................................................
177
Appendix 7 Peer Evaluation Sheet ..............................................................
195
Appendix 8 Peer Correction Key ...............................................................
197
ANI SUSANA, 2012
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
DECLARATION ..........................................................................................
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .........................................................................
iii
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................
vi
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ............................................................
ix
LIST OF APPENDICES ..............................................................................
x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background ...........................................................................................
1
1.2 Statement of the Problems ....................................................................
6
1.3 Objectives of the Study .........................................................................
6
1.4 Significance of the Study ......................................................................
6
1.5 Methodology ..........................................................................................
7
1.6 Definition of the Terms .........................................................................
8
1.7 Thesis Organization ..............................................................................
9
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Definition of Writing ............................................................................
10
2.2 The Writing Process ..............................................................................
11
2.3 Aspects of Writing ................................................................................
17
2.4 ESL and EFL Writing ...........................................................................
19
2.5 Academic Writing .................................................................................
20
2.6 Problems in ESL/EFL Writing ..............................................................
24
2.7 The IELTS Test ......................................................................................
28
2.8 Writing of IELTS Academic Module ...................................................
31
2.9 Writing Task 1 of IELTS Academic Module ........................................
33
ANI SUSANA, 2012
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
2.9.1 Types of Graphs ..........................................................................
34
2.9.2 Assessment Criteria .....................................................................
47
2.9.3 Assessing Writing Task 1 of IELTS Academic Module .............
52
2.9.4 IELTS Writing Task 1 Band Descriptors (Public Version) .........
56
2.9.5 Vocabulary for Writing Task 1 of IELTS Academic Module .....
59
2.9.6 Learning Materials for IELTS Writing ........................................
67
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Statement of Problems ..........................................................................
69
3.2 Research Design ....................................................................................
69
3.3 Setting ...................................................................................................
70
3.4 Participants ............................................................................................
71
3.5 Data Collection .....................................................................................
73
3.5.1 Classroom Observation ................................................................
73
3.5.2 Documentation of Students’ Texts ...............................................
74
3.5.3 Interview ......................................................................................
75
3.6 Data Analysis .........................................................................................
77
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Students’ Problems in Accomplishing Writing Task 1 of IELTS
Academic Module .................................................................................
80
4.1.1 In terms of Task Achievement .....................................................
81
4.1.1.1 Summarising significant features .....................................
82
4.1.1.2 Fulfilling minimum length of words ...............................
83
4.1.2 In terms of Coherence and Cohesion ............................................
83
4.1.2.1 Deciding subject-verb agreement .....................................
84
4.1.2.2 Using suitable tenses ........................................................
85
4.1.2.3 Using right articles............................................................
85
4.1.2.4 Making concluding paragraph ...........................................
86
4.1.2.5 Using linking words..........................................................
87
ANI SUSANA, 2012
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
4.1.3 In terms of Lexical Resource ........................................................
87
4.1.3.1 Using varied words/vocabulary ........................................
88
4.1.3.2 Paraphrasing the information in the graph .......................
90
4.1.3.3 Choosing right part of speech ...........................................
91
4.1.3.4 Using right spelling and punctuation ................................
92
4.1.4 In terms of Grammatical Range and Accuracy ............................
95
4.1.4.1 Using active and passive forms ........................................
96
4.1.4.2 Using prepositions of time and place ...............................
96
4.1.4.3 Making simple sentences ..................................................
97
4.1.4.4 Making compound and complex sentences ......................
98
4.1.5 Synthesis .......................................................................................
100
4.2 Solutions to Overcome the Students’ Problems ....................................
102
4.2.1 Teacher’s Self-initiated Solutions .................................................
102
4.2.1.1 Written Feedback .............................................................
102
4.2.1.2 Spoken Feedback .............................................................
103
4.2.2 Student’s Self-initiated Solutions..................................................
104
4.2.2.1 Editing ..............................................................................
105
4.2.2.2 Proof-reading ...................................................................
106
4.2.2.3 Conferencing ...................................................................
106
4.2.3 Students’ Peer-feedback ..............................................................
106
4.2.4 Synthesis ......................................................................................
107
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................
109
5.2 Suggestions ...........................................................................................
110
5.2.1 For English Writing Teacher .......................................................
111
5.2.2 For IELTS Candidates or/and English Students ...................................
111
5.2.3 For Institution.........................................................................................
112
5.2.4 For Further Research ............................................................................
112
ANI SUSANA, 2012
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................
113
APPENDICES ............................................................................................
119
ANI SUSANA, 2012
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure 2.1 Example of Bar Chart .................................................................
46
Figure 2.2 Example of Pie Chart ..................................................................
49
Figure 2.3 Example of Line Graph ..............................................................
51
Figure 2.4 Example of Table ........................................................................
53
Figure 2.5 Example of Process Diagram .....................................................
55
Table 2.1 IELTS Task 1 Writing Band Descriptors (Public Version) .........
68
ANI SUSANA, 2012
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Syllabus of Writing of IELTS Academic Training ..................
120
Appendix 2 Transcript of Classroom Observation .....................................
128
Appendix 3 Data of Interview with the Students ........................................
152
Appendix 4 Data of Interview with the Teacher .........................................
159
Appendix 5 Samples of Teaching Material .................................................
165
Appendix 6 Documents of Students’ Texts .................................................
177
Appendix 7 Peer Evaluation Sheet ..............................................................
195
Appendix 8 Peer Correction Key ...............................................................
197
ANI SUSANA, 2012
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu