S PE 1001580 Table of Contant
DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAK ...........................................................................................................
i
KATA PENGANTAR .........................................................................................
ii
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH .................................................................................
iii
DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................
v
DAFTAR TABEL................................................................................................ viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ...........................................................................................
x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................
1
1.1 Latar Belakang ...............................................................................................
1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ..........................................................................................
7
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian............................................................................................
7
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian..........................................................................................
7
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA, KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN DAN HIPOTESISI
PENELITIAN ...................................................................................................... 9
2.1 Hasil Belajar...................................................................................................
9
2.1.1 Pengertian Belajar ..............................................................................
9
2.1.2 Prinsip Belajar ...................................................................................... 14
2.1.3 Teori-teori Belajar .............................................................................. 16
2.1.3.1 Teori Belajar Benjamin Bloom .............................................. 16
2.1.3.2 Teori Behavioristik ................................................................ 20
2.1.3.3 Teori Kognitivistik ................................................................. 24
2.1.4 Konsep dan Pengertian Hasil Belajar................................................... 28
2.1.5 Indikator Hasil Belajar ......................................................................... 31
2.1.6 Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Hasil Belajar ................................ 34
2.2 Motivasi Belajar ............................................................................................. 35
2.2.1 Pengertian Motivasi ............................................................................ 35
2.2.2 Sifat Motivasi ....................................................................................... 38
2.2.3 Fungsi Motivasi dalam Belajar .......................................................... 40
2.2.4 Jenis-jenis Motivasi.............................................................................. 41
Fina Oktafiani, 2014
PENGARUH MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN KEBIASAAN BELAJAR SISWA TERHADAP HASIL
BELAJAR PADA MATA PELAJARAN EKONOMI
: Survey Pada Peserta Didik Kelas X IIS Di SMA Negeri 16 Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.2.5 Prinsip-prinsip Motivasi Belajar .......................................................... 42
Fina Oktafiani, 2014
PENGARUH MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN KEBIASAAN BELAJAR SISWA TERHADAP HASIL
BELAJAR PADA MATA PELAJARAN EKONOMI
: Survey Pada Peserta Didik Kelas X IIS Di SMA Negeri 16 Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.2.6 Indikator Motivasi Belajar ................................................................... 43
2.2.7 Hubungan Motivasi Belajar dengan Hasil Belajar............................... 44
2.3 Kebiasaan Belajar .......................................................................................... 45
2.3.1 Pengertian Kebiasaan Belajar ............................................................. 45
2.3.2 Pembentukan Kebiasaan Belajar.......................................................... 46
2.3.3 Peranan Kebiasaan Belajar ................................................................. 49
2.3.4 Indikator Kebiasaan Belajar ................................................................. 50
2.3.5 Hubungan Kebiasaan Belajar dengan Prestasi Belajar ........................ 50
2.4 Penelitian Terdahulu .................................................................................... 51
2.5 Kerangka Pemikiran ..................................................................................... 53
2.6 Hipotesis ....................................................................................................... 56
2.6.1 Hipotesis Mayor ................................................................................. 57
2.6.2 Hipotesis Minor.................................................................................... 57
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ...................................................................... 58
3.1 Objek dan Subjek Penelitian ........................................................................ 58
3.2 Metode Penelitian ......................................................................................... 58
3.3 Populasi dan Sampel .................................................................................... 58
3.1.1 Populasi .............................................................................................. 58
3.1.2 Sampel.................................................................................................. 59
3.4 Operasional Variabel .................................................................................... 61
3.5 Teknik dan Alat Pengumpulan Data ............................................................ 63
3.6 Pengujian Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................... 63
3.6.1 Uji Validitas ....................................................................................... 64
3.6.2 Uji Reliabilitas ...................................................................................... 64
3.7 Teknik Analisis Data .................................................................................... 66
3.8 Pengujian Hipotesis ...................................................................................... 67
3.8.1 Uji Normalitas .................................................................................... 67
3.8.2 Uji Signifikansi Parsial (Uji t) ............................................................ 68
3.8.3 Uji Signifikansi Simultan (Uji F) ........................................................ 69
3.8.4 Koefisien Determinasi ........................................................................ 69
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ................................... 71
viii
4.1 Gambaran Umum Responden ...................................................................... 71
4.1.1 Deskripsi Hasil Penelitian .................................................................. 71
4.1.1.1 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ............. 71
4.1.2 Hasil Uji Hipotesis ............................................................................. 72
4.1.2.1 Uji Validitas ............................................................................. 72
4.1.2.2 Uji Reliabilitas ......................................................................... 73
4.1.3 Deskripsi Variabel Penelitian ............................................................. 75
4.1.3.1 Variabel Motivasi Belajar........................................................ 75
4.1.3.2 Variabel Kebiasaan Belajar ..................................................... 86
4.1.3.3 Variabel Hasil Belajar ............................................................. 97
4.1.4 Teknik Analisis Data dan Pengujian Hipotesis Penelitian ................ 97
4.1.4.1 Uji Normalitas.......................................................................... 97
4.1.4.2 Pengujian Analisis Regresi Berganda...................................... 98
4.1.5 Analisis Regresi Secara Parsial (Uji t) ............................................... 100
4.1.6 Analisis Regresi Secara Simultan (Uji F) .......................................... 101
4.1.7 Koefisien Determinasi (R2 ) ................................................................ 101
4.2 Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ....................................................................... 102
4.2.1 Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa ................ 102
4.2.2 Pengaruh Kebiasaan Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa .............. 105
4.2.3 Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar dan Kebiasaan Belajar Terhadap Hasil
Belajar Siswa ............................................................................................... 107
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................. 109
5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................... 109
5.2 Saran ............................................................................................................. 109
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 111
LAMPIRAN
viii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Nilai Rata-rata Ujian Tengah Semester Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi
Siswa Kelas X IIS 1-5 Semester 2 Tahun Ajaran 2013-2014 ...................... 3
Tabel 2.1 Dimensi Proses Kognitif ............................................................... 17
Tabel 2.2 Jenis dan Indikator Hasil Belajar ................................................ 31
Tabel 2.3 Penelitian Terdahulu ................................................................... 51
Tabel 3.1 Populasi Penelitian ...................................................................... 59
Tabel 3.2 Pembagian Jumlah Sampel ......................................................... 61
Tabel 3.3 Operasional Variabel ................................................................... 62
Tabel 4.1 Penyebaran Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ................... 71
Tabel 4.2 Uji Validitas Motivasi Belajar .................................................... 72
Tabel 4.3 Uji Validitas Kebiasaan Belajar .................................................. 73
Tabel 4.4 Uji Reliabilitas Variabel Motivasi Belajar dan Kebiasaan Belajar
...................................................................................................................... 74
Tabel 4.5 Skor Jawaban Responden pada Variabel Motivasi Belajar ......... 75
Tabel 4.6 Durasi Kegiatan ........................................................................... 78
Tabel 4.7 Frekuensi Kegiatan ...................................................................... 79
Tabel 4.8 Persistensi pada Kegiatan ............................................................ 80
Tabel 4.9 Ketabahan, Keuletandan Kemampuan dalam Menghadapi
Rintangan dan Kesulitan ............................................................................ 81
Tabel 4.10 Devosi dan Pengorbanan untuk Mencapai Tujuan .................... 82
Tabel 4.11 Tingkat Aspirasi yang Hendak Dicapai dengan Kegiatan yang
Dilakukan .................................................................................................... 83
Tabel 4.12 Tingkat Kualifikasi Prestasi atau Produk (Out Put) yang Dicapai
dari Kegiatan yang Dilakukan ..................................................................... 84
Tabel 4.13 Arah Sikapnya Terhadap Sasaran Kegiatan .............................. 85
Tabel 4.14 Skor Total Motivasi Belajar ...................................................... 86
Tabel 4.15 Skor Jawaban Responden pada Variabel Kebiasaan Belajar .... 86
Tabel 4.16 Pembuatan Jadwal Pelajaran ..................................................... 89
Tabel 4.17 Membaca dan membuat catatan ................................................ 90
Tabel 4.18 Mengulang Materi yang Diajarkan ........................................... 91
Tabel 4.19 Konsentrasi ................................................................................ 92
viii
ix
Tabel 4.20 Pemahaman Materi .................................................................... 93
Tabel 4.21 Mengerjakan Tugas yang Diberikan ......................................... 94
Tabel 4.22 Persiapan Mengikuti Tes ........................................................... 94
Tabel 4.23 Belajar kelompok ...................................................................... 95
Tabel 4.24 Skor Total Kebiasaan Belajar .................................................... 96
Tabel 4.25 Rekapitulasi Nilai Ujian Akhir Sekolah Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi
Semester 2 Tahun Ajaran 2013-2014 .......................................................... 97
Tabel 4.26 Coefficientsa .............................................................................. 99
Tabel 4.27 Uji Hipotesis Secara Parsial (Uji t) ........................................... 100
Tabel 4.28 Uji Hipotesis Secara Simultan (Uji F) ...................................... 101
Tabel 4.29 Koefisien Determinasi (R2 ) ....................................................... 102
ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Proses dan Hasil Belajar ............ 29
Gambar 2.2 Kerangka Pemikiran ................................................................ 56
Gambar 4.1 Penyebaran Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ............... 71
Gambar 4.2 Uji Normalitas ......................................................................... 98
ABSTRAK ...........................................................................................................
i
KATA PENGANTAR .........................................................................................
ii
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH .................................................................................
iii
DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................
v
DAFTAR TABEL................................................................................................ viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ...........................................................................................
x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................
1
1.1 Latar Belakang ...............................................................................................
1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ..........................................................................................
7
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian............................................................................................
7
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian..........................................................................................
7
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA, KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN DAN HIPOTESISI
PENELITIAN ...................................................................................................... 9
2.1 Hasil Belajar...................................................................................................
9
2.1.1 Pengertian Belajar ..............................................................................
9
2.1.2 Prinsip Belajar ...................................................................................... 14
2.1.3 Teori-teori Belajar .............................................................................. 16
2.1.3.1 Teori Belajar Benjamin Bloom .............................................. 16
2.1.3.2 Teori Behavioristik ................................................................ 20
2.1.3.3 Teori Kognitivistik ................................................................. 24
2.1.4 Konsep dan Pengertian Hasil Belajar................................................... 28
2.1.5 Indikator Hasil Belajar ......................................................................... 31
2.1.6 Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Hasil Belajar ................................ 34
2.2 Motivasi Belajar ............................................................................................. 35
2.2.1 Pengertian Motivasi ............................................................................ 35
2.2.2 Sifat Motivasi ....................................................................................... 38
2.2.3 Fungsi Motivasi dalam Belajar .......................................................... 40
2.2.4 Jenis-jenis Motivasi.............................................................................. 41
Fina Oktafiani, 2014
PENGARUH MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN KEBIASAAN BELAJAR SISWA TERHADAP HASIL
BELAJAR PADA MATA PELAJARAN EKONOMI
: Survey Pada Peserta Didik Kelas X IIS Di SMA Negeri 16 Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.2.5 Prinsip-prinsip Motivasi Belajar .......................................................... 42
Fina Oktafiani, 2014
PENGARUH MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN KEBIASAAN BELAJAR SISWA TERHADAP HASIL
BELAJAR PADA MATA PELAJARAN EKONOMI
: Survey Pada Peserta Didik Kelas X IIS Di SMA Negeri 16 Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.2.6 Indikator Motivasi Belajar ................................................................... 43
2.2.7 Hubungan Motivasi Belajar dengan Hasil Belajar............................... 44
2.3 Kebiasaan Belajar .......................................................................................... 45
2.3.1 Pengertian Kebiasaan Belajar ............................................................. 45
2.3.2 Pembentukan Kebiasaan Belajar.......................................................... 46
2.3.3 Peranan Kebiasaan Belajar ................................................................. 49
2.3.4 Indikator Kebiasaan Belajar ................................................................. 50
2.3.5 Hubungan Kebiasaan Belajar dengan Prestasi Belajar ........................ 50
2.4 Penelitian Terdahulu .................................................................................... 51
2.5 Kerangka Pemikiran ..................................................................................... 53
2.6 Hipotesis ....................................................................................................... 56
2.6.1 Hipotesis Mayor ................................................................................. 57
2.6.2 Hipotesis Minor.................................................................................... 57
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ...................................................................... 58
3.1 Objek dan Subjek Penelitian ........................................................................ 58
3.2 Metode Penelitian ......................................................................................... 58
3.3 Populasi dan Sampel .................................................................................... 58
3.1.1 Populasi .............................................................................................. 58
3.1.2 Sampel.................................................................................................. 59
3.4 Operasional Variabel .................................................................................... 61
3.5 Teknik dan Alat Pengumpulan Data ............................................................ 63
3.6 Pengujian Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................... 63
3.6.1 Uji Validitas ....................................................................................... 64
3.6.2 Uji Reliabilitas ...................................................................................... 64
3.7 Teknik Analisis Data .................................................................................... 66
3.8 Pengujian Hipotesis ...................................................................................... 67
3.8.1 Uji Normalitas .................................................................................... 67
3.8.2 Uji Signifikansi Parsial (Uji t) ............................................................ 68
3.8.3 Uji Signifikansi Simultan (Uji F) ........................................................ 69
3.8.4 Koefisien Determinasi ........................................................................ 69
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ................................... 71
viii
4.1 Gambaran Umum Responden ...................................................................... 71
4.1.1 Deskripsi Hasil Penelitian .................................................................. 71
4.1.1.1 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ............. 71
4.1.2 Hasil Uji Hipotesis ............................................................................. 72
4.1.2.1 Uji Validitas ............................................................................. 72
4.1.2.2 Uji Reliabilitas ......................................................................... 73
4.1.3 Deskripsi Variabel Penelitian ............................................................. 75
4.1.3.1 Variabel Motivasi Belajar........................................................ 75
4.1.3.2 Variabel Kebiasaan Belajar ..................................................... 86
4.1.3.3 Variabel Hasil Belajar ............................................................. 97
4.1.4 Teknik Analisis Data dan Pengujian Hipotesis Penelitian ................ 97
4.1.4.1 Uji Normalitas.......................................................................... 97
4.1.4.2 Pengujian Analisis Regresi Berganda...................................... 98
4.1.5 Analisis Regresi Secara Parsial (Uji t) ............................................... 100
4.1.6 Analisis Regresi Secara Simultan (Uji F) .......................................... 101
4.1.7 Koefisien Determinasi (R2 ) ................................................................ 101
4.2 Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ....................................................................... 102
4.2.1 Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa ................ 102
4.2.2 Pengaruh Kebiasaan Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa .............. 105
4.2.3 Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar dan Kebiasaan Belajar Terhadap Hasil
Belajar Siswa ............................................................................................... 107
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................. 109
5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................... 109
5.2 Saran ............................................................................................................. 109
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 111
LAMPIRAN
viii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Nilai Rata-rata Ujian Tengah Semester Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi
Siswa Kelas X IIS 1-5 Semester 2 Tahun Ajaran 2013-2014 ...................... 3
Tabel 2.1 Dimensi Proses Kognitif ............................................................... 17
Tabel 2.2 Jenis dan Indikator Hasil Belajar ................................................ 31
Tabel 2.3 Penelitian Terdahulu ................................................................... 51
Tabel 3.1 Populasi Penelitian ...................................................................... 59
Tabel 3.2 Pembagian Jumlah Sampel ......................................................... 61
Tabel 3.3 Operasional Variabel ................................................................... 62
Tabel 4.1 Penyebaran Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ................... 71
Tabel 4.2 Uji Validitas Motivasi Belajar .................................................... 72
Tabel 4.3 Uji Validitas Kebiasaan Belajar .................................................. 73
Tabel 4.4 Uji Reliabilitas Variabel Motivasi Belajar dan Kebiasaan Belajar
...................................................................................................................... 74
Tabel 4.5 Skor Jawaban Responden pada Variabel Motivasi Belajar ......... 75
Tabel 4.6 Durasi Kegiatan ........................................................................... 78
Tabel 4.7 Frekuensi Kegiatan ...................................................................... 79
Tabel 4.8 Persistensi pada Kegiatan ............................................................ 80
Tabel 4.9 Ketabahan, Keuletandan Kemampuan dalam Menghadapi
Rintangan dan Kesulitan ............................................................................ 81
Tabel 4.10 Devosi dan Pengorbanan untuk Mencapai Tujuan .................... 82
Tabel 4.11 Tingkat Aspirasi yang Hendak Dicapai dengan Kegiatan yang
Dilakukan .................................................................................................... 83
Tabel 4.12 Tingkat Kualifikasi Prestasi atau Produk (Out Put) yang Dicapai
dari Kegiatan yang Dilakukan ..................................................................... 84
Tabel 4.13 Arah Sikapnya Terhadap Sasaran Kegiatan .............................. 85
Tabel 4.14 Skor Total Motivasi Belajar ...................................................... 86
Tabel 4.15 Skor Jawaban Responden pada Variabel Kebiasaan Belajar .... 86
Tabel 4.16 Pembuatan Jadwal Pelajaran ..................................................... 89
Tabel 4.17 Membaca dan membuat catatan ................................................ 90
Tabel 4.18 Mengulang Materi yang Diajarkan ........................................... 91
Tabel 4.19 Konsentrasi ................................................................................ 92
viii
ix
Tabel 4.20 Pemahaman Materi .................................................................... 93
Tabel 4.21 Mengerjakan Tugas yang Diberikan ......................................... 94
Tabel 4.22 Persiapan Mengikuti Tes ........................................................... 94
Tabel 4.23 Belajar kelompok ...................................................................... 95
Tabel 4.24 Skor Total Kebiasaan Belajar .................................................... 96
Tabel 4.25 Rekapitulasi Nilai Ujian Akhir Sekolah Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi
Semester 2 Tahun Ajaran 2013-2014 .......................................................... 97
Tabel 4.26 Coefficientsa .............................................................................. 99
Tabel 4.27 Uji Hipotesis Secara Parsial (Uji t) ........................................... 100
Tabel 4.28 Uji Hipotesis Secara Simultan (Uji F) ...................................... 101
Tabel 4.29 Koefisien Determinasi (R2 ) ....................................................... 102
ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Proses dan Hasil Belajar ............ 29
Gambar 2.2 Kerangka Pemikiran ................................................................ 56
Gambar 4.1 Penyebaran Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ............... 71
Gambar 4.2 Uji Normalitas ......................................................................... 98