kd Tasik 1004160 Table of Content
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA ILMIAH
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... i
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. LATAR BELAKANG PENELITIAN ................................................. 1
B. IDENTIFIKASI MASALAH ............................................................... 4
C. RUMUSAN MASALAH ..................................................................... 4
D. TUJUAN PENELITIAN ...................................................................... 4
E. MANFAAT PENELITIAN .................................................................. 5
F. STRUKTUR ORGANISASI SKRIPSI ................................................ 5
BAB
II
KAJIAN
PUSTAKA,
KERANGKA
PEMIKIRAN,
DAN
HIPOTESIS
A. KAJIAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................ 7
1.
2.
3.
Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Di Sekolah Dasar ............................. 7
a.
Tujuan Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Di Sekolah Dasar .......... 7
b.
Ruang Lingkup Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris ......................... 7
c.
Program Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris ..................................... 8
Pembelajaran Membaca................................................................... 10
a.
Hakikat Membaca ..................................................................... 10
b.
Tujuan Membaca ...................................................................... 10
c.
Pelaksanaan Membaca.............................................................. 12
d.
Jenis Membaca ......................................................................... 12
Pembelajaran Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa Inggris Di Sekolah
Dasar ................................................................................................ 13
4.
Keterampilan Membaca Pemahaman .............................................. 14
v
Halaman
5.
Efektivitas Pembelajaran ................................................................. 18
6.
Teks Deskripsi Bahasa Inggris ........................................................ 18
7.
Model Bottom Up ............................................................................ 20
8.
Hasil Penelitian yang Relevan ......................................................... 26
B. KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN ................................................................ 26
C. HIPOTESIS .......................................................................................... 28
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
A. Lokasi, Populasi, dan Sampel .............................................................. 29
B. Desain Penelitian .................................................................................. 29
C. Metode Penelitian ................................................................................. 30
D. Prosedur Penelitian ............................................................................... 30
E. Defenisi Operasional Variabel ............................................................. 31
F. Instrumen Penelitian ............................................................................. 32
1.
Instrumen Tes Membaca Pemahaman ............................................. 32
2.
Instrumen Pengembangan Bahan Ajar ............................................ 33
3.
Instrumen Obsrvasi .......................................................................... 34
G. Proses Pengembangan Instrumen ......................................................... 34
1.
Uji Validitas Instrumen ................................................................... 34
2.
Uji Reliabilitas Instrumen................................................................ 35
3.
Hasil Uji Validitas Instrumen Membaca Pemahaman ..................... 35
4.
Tingkat Kesukaran ........................................................................... 38
5.
Daya Pembeda ................................................................................. 40
H. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ................................................................... 42
1.
Tes Tulis Membaca Pemahaman ..................................................... 43
2.
Lembar Observasi Pelaksanaan Model Bottom Up ......................... 43
I. Teknik Analisis Data ............................................................................ 43
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. Hasil Penelitian .................................................................................... 50
1.
Hasil Data Perencanaan ................................................................... 50
a.
Penyusunan Perijinan Penelitian .............................................. 50
vi
Halaman
b.
Penyusunan Instrumen Penelitian............................................. 51
c.
Penyusunan Perencanaan Pembelajaran ................................... 51
2. Hasil Data Pelaksanaan Penelitian .................................................. 53
3.
a.
Pelaksanaan Pre Test ................................................................ 53
b.
Penerapan Model Bottom Up pada Proses Pembelajaran ......... 55
c.
Hasil Observasi Pembelajaran .................................................. 57
d.
Pelaksanaan Post Test............................................................... 58
Analisis Data hasil Penelitian .......................................................... 59
a. Analisis Deskriptif Hasil Pre Test ............................................ 59
b. Analisis Deskriptif Statistik Post Test ...................................... 64
c. Analisis Normal Gain (N-Gain) Pre Test dan Post Test .......... 68
d. Rekapitulasi Hasil Pre Test dan Post Test ................................ 70
4. Uji Hipotesis Penelitian ................................................................... 73
a. Uji Normalitas .......................................................................... 73
b. Uji Homogenitas ....................................................................... 75
c. Uji Hipotesis Statistik ............................................................... 75
1) Uji Komparasi ................................................................... 75
2) Uji Hipotesis Penelitian ..................................................... 76
B. Pembahasan .......................................................................................... 77
1. Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Sebelum Menggunakan Model
Bottom Up ........................................................................................ 77
2. Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Setelah menggunakan Model
Bottom Up. ...................................................................................... 78
3. Efektivitas Penerapam Model Bottom Up terhadap kemampuan
Membaca Pemahaman teks Bahasa Inggris Siswa Sekolah Dasar .. 79
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Kesimpulan ........................................................................................ 80
B. Saran .................................................................................................. 80
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................... 82
RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS ..................................................................... 153
vii
Daftar Tabel
Tabel
Halaman
2.1. Satandar dan Kompetensi Dasar ............................................................... 8
2.2. Tabel Kosa Kata dalam Bacaan ................................................................ 24
3.1. Jadwal Kegiatan Penelitian ....................................................................... 30
3.2. Kisi-Kisi Instrumen ................................................................................... 33
3.3. Hasil Uji Validitas Instrumen Membaca Pemahaman .............................. 35
3.4. Penghitungan Uji Reliabilitas Instrumen .................................................. 37
3.5. Hasil Uji Instrumen Soal membaca Pemahaman ...................................... 37
3.6. Hasil Penghitungan Taraf Kesukaran Instrumen Soal Membaca Pemahaman
................................................................................................................... 39
3.7. Kriteria Daya Bada Instrumen .................................................................. 40
3.8. Jenis Data, Teknik Pengumpulan Data, Instrumen dan Sumber Data ...... 42
3.9. Interval Katagori ...................................................................................... 44
3.10. Klasifikasi Normal Gain ......................................................................... 46
4.1. Nilai Pre Test Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa Inggris Siswa ........... 54
4.2. Nilai Post Test Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa Inggris Siswa ......... 58
4.3. Data Statistik Total Skor Pre Test Seluruh Siswa..................................... 60
4.4. Frekuensi Data Pre Test Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa
Inggris Siswa ............................................................................................. 61
4.5. Hasil Penghitungan Interval Katagori ...................................................... 63
4.6. Interval Katagori Pre Test Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa
Inggris Siswa. ............................................................................................ 63
4.7. Data Statistik Total Skor Post Test Seluruh Siswa ................................... 65
4.8. Frekuensi Data Post Test kemamouan Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa
Inggris Siswa ............................................................................................. 66
4.9. Interval Katagori Post Test Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa
Inggris Siswa ............................................................................................. 67
4.10. Katagori Normal Gain ............................................................................. 68
4.11. Hasil Uji Normal Gain ............................................................................ 68
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Tabel
4.12
Halaman
Rekapitulasi
Kemampuan
Membaca
Pemahaman
dan
Peningkatan
Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman....................................................... 70
4.13. Rekapitulasi Katagori Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa ........ 72
4.14. Hasil Penghitungan Uji Normalitas Data Pre Test ................................. 73
4.15. Hasil Penghitungan Uji Normalitas Post Test......................................... 74
4.16. Uji Homogenitas ..................................................................................... 75
4.17. Uji Komparasi Wilcoxon ........................................................................ 76
ix
Daftar Gambar
Gambar
Halaman
2.1 Proses Bottom Up ...................................................................................... 21
4.1.Distribusi Frekuensi Data Pre Test kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Teks
bahasa Inggris Siswa .................................................................................. 62
4.2.Katagori Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa Inggris Siswa
.................................................................................................................... 64
4.3. Distribusi Frekuensi Data Post Test kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Teks
bahasa Inggris Siswa ................................................................................. 66
4.4. Katagori Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa Inggris Siswa
................................................................................................................... 67
4.5. Rekapitulasi Katagori Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Berdasarkan Hasil
Pre Test dan Post Test............................................................................... 72
x
Daftar Lampiran
Lampiran
Halaman
1. Surat Keputusan ................................................................................... 85
2. Permohonan Ijin Penelitian dari UPI ................................................... 86
3. Ijin Penelitian dari KESBANG dan LINMAS ..................................... 87
4. Ijin Penelitian dari Dinas Pendidikan .................................................. 88
5. Surat Pernyataan Telah Melakukan Penelitian .................................... 89
6. Instrumen Penelitian............................................................................. 90
7. Tabulasi Uji Instrumen ......................................................................... 92
8. Uji Reliabilitas Instrumen .................................................................... 94
9. Uji Validitas Instrumen ........................................................................ 96
10. Tabulasi Tingkat Kesukaran ................................................................ 101
11. Tabulasi Daya Pembeda ....................................................................... 103
12. Instrumen Pre Test ............................................................................... 105
13. RPP Model Pembelajaran Bottom Up Perlakuan Pertama ................... 111
14. RPP Model Pembelajaran Bottom Up Perlakuan Kedua ..................... 118
15. RPP Model Pembelajaran Bottom Up Perlakuan Ketiga ..................... 125
16. Lembar Observasi Perlakuan Pertama ................................................. 131
17. Lembar Observasi Perlakuan Kedua .................................................... 133
18. Lembar Observasi Perlakuan Pertama ................................................. 135
19. Instrumen ............................................................................................. 137
20. Tabulasi Skor Pre Test ......................................................................... 139
21. Instrumen Post Test .............................................................................. 140
22. Uji Normalitas ...................................................................................... 147
23. Uji Homogenitas .................................................................................. 148
24. Uji Wilcoxon ........................................................................................ 149
25. Profil SDN 2 Cikunten ......................................................................... 150
26. Foto Penelitian ..................................................................................... 152
xi
Halaman
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA ILMIAH
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... i
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. LATAR BELAKANG PENELITIAN ................................................. 1
B. IDENTIFIKASI MASALAH ............................................................... 4
C. RUMUSAN MASALAH ..................................................................... 4
D. TUJUAN PENELITIAN ...................................................................... 4
E. MANFAAT PENELITIAN .................................................................. 5
F. STRUKTUR ORGANISASI SKRIPSI ................................................ 5
BAB
II
KAJIAN
PUSTAKA,
KERANGKA
PEMIKIRAN,
DAN
HIPOTESIS
A. KAJIAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................ 7
1.
2.
3.
Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Di Sekolah Dasar ............................. 7
a.
Tujuan Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Di Sekolah Dasar .......... 7
b.
Ruang Lingkup Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris ......................... 7
c.
Program Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris ..................................... 8
Pembelajaran Membaca................................................................... 10
a.
Hakikat Membaca ..................................................................... 10
b.
Tujuan Membaca ...................................................................... 10
c.
Pelaksanaan Membaca.............................................................. 12
d.
Jenis Membaca ......................................................................... 12
Pembelajaran Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa Inggris Di Sekolah
Dasar ................................................................................................ 13
4.
Keterampilan Membaca Pemahaman .............................................. 14
v
Halaman
5.
Efektivitas Pembelajaran ................................................................. 18
6.
Teks Deskripsi Bahasa Inggris ........................................................ 18
7.
Model Bottom Up ............................................................................ 20
8.
Hasil Penelitian yang Relevan ......................................................... 26
B. KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN ................................................................ 26
C. HIPOTESIS .......................................................................................... 28
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
A. Lokasi, Populasi, dan Sampel .............................................................. 29
B. Desain Penelitian .................................................................................. 29
C. Metode Penelitian ................................................................................. 30
D. Prosedur Penelitian ............................................................................... 30
E. Defenisi Operasional Variabel ............................................................. 31
F. Instrumen Penelitian ............................................................................. 32
1.
Instrumen Tes Membaca Pemahaman ............................................. 32
2.
Instrumen Pengembangan Bahan Ajar ............................................ 33
3.
Instrumen Obsrvasi .......................................................................... 34
G. Proses Pengembangan Instrumen ......................................................... 34
1.
Uji Validitas Instrumen ................................................................... 34
2.
Uji Reliabilitas Instrumen................................................................ 35
3.
Hasil Uji Validitas Instrumen Membaca Pemahaman ..................... 35
4.
Tingkat Kesukaran ........................................................................... 38
5.
Daya Pembeda ................................................................................. 40
H. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ................................................................... 42
1.
Tes Tulis Membaca Pemahaman ..................................................... 43
2.
Lembar Observasi Pelaksanaan Model Bottom Up ......................... 43
I. Teknik Analisis Data ............................................................................ 43
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. Hasil Penelitian .................................................................................... 50
1.
Hasil Data Perencanaan ................................................................... 50
a.
Penyusunan Perijinan Penelitian .............................................. 50
vi
Halaman
b.
Penyusunan Instrumen Penelitian............................................. 51
c.
Penyusunan Perencanaan Pembelajaran ................................... 51
2. Hasil Data Pelaksanaan Penelitian .................................................. 53
3.
a.
Pelaksanaan Pre Test ................................................................ 53
b.
Penerapan Model Bottom Up pada Proses Pembelajaran ......... 55
c.
Hasil Observasi Pembelajaran .................................................. 57
d.
Pelaksanaan Post Test............................................................... 58
Analisis Data hasil Penelitian .......................................................... 59
a. Analisis Deskriptif Hasil Pre Test ............................................ 59
b. Analisis Deskriptif Statistik Post Test ...................................... 64
c. Analisis Normal Gain (N-Gain) Pre Test dan Post Test .......... 68
d. Rekapitulasi Hasil Pre Test dan Post Test ................................ 70
4. Uji Hipotesis Penelitian ................................................................... 73
a. Uji Normalitas .......................................................................... 73
b. Uji Homogenitas ....................................................................... 75
c. Uji Hipotesis Statistik ............................................................... 75
1) Uji Komparasi ................................................................... 75
2) Uji Hipotesis Penelitian ..................................................... 76
B. Pembahasan .......................................................................................... 77
1. Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Sebelum Menggunakan Model
Bottom Up ........................................................................................ 77
2. Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Setelah menggunakan Model
Bottom Up. ...................................................................................... 78
3. Efektivitas Penerapam Model Bottom Up terhadap kemampuan
Membaca Pemahaman teks Bahasa Inggris Siswa Sekolah Dasar .. 79
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Kesimpulan ........................................................................................ 80
B. Saran .................................................................................................. 80
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................... 82
RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS ..................................................................... 153
vii
Daftar Tabel
Tabel
Halaman
2.1. Satandar dan Kompetensi Dasar ............................................................... 8
2.2. Tabel Kosa Kata dalam Bacaan ................................................................ 24
3.1. Jadwal Kegiatan Penelitian ....................................................................... 30
3.2. Kisi-Kisi Instrumen ................................................................................... 33
3.3. Hasil Uji Validitas Instrumen Membaca Pemahaman .............................. 35
3.4. Penghitungan Uji Reliabilitas Instrumen .................................................. 37
3.5. Hasil Uji Instrumen Soal membaca Pemahaman ...................................... 37
3.6. Hasil Penghitungan Taraf Kesukaran Instrumen Soal Membaca Pemahaman
................................................................................................................... 39
3.7. Kriteria Daya Bada Instrumen .................................................................. 40
3.8. Jenis Data, Teknik Pengumpulan Data, Instrumen dan Sumber Data ...... 42
3.9. Interval Katagori ...................................................................................... 44
3.10. Klasifikasi Normal Gain ......................................................................... 46
4.1. Nilai Pre Test Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa Inggris Siswa ........... 54
4.2. Nilai Post Test Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa Inggris Siswa ......... 58
4.3. Data Statistik Total Skor Pre Test Seluruh Siswa..................................... 60
4.4. Frekuensi Data Pre Test Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa
Inggris Siswa ............................................................................................. 61
4.5. Hasil Penghitungan Interval Katagori ...................................................... 63
4.6. Interval Katagori Pre Test Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa
Inggris Siswa. ............................................................................................ 63
4.7. Data Statistik Total Skor Post Test Seluruh Siswa ................................... 65
4.8. Frekuensi Data Post Test kemamouan Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa
Inggris Siswa ............................................................................................. 66
4.9. Interval Katagori Post Test Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa
Inggris Siswa ............................................................................................. 67
4.10. Katagori Normal Gain ............................................................................. 68
4.11. Hasil Uji Normal Gain ............................................................................ 68
viii
Tabel
4.12
Halaman
Rekapitulasi
Kemampuan
Membaca
Pemahaman
dan
Peningkatan
Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman....................................................... 70
4.13. Rekapitulasi Katagori Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa ........ 72
4.14. Hasil Penghitungan Uji Normalitas Data Pre Test ................................. 73
4.15. Hasil Penghitungan Uji Normalitas Post Test......................................... 74
4.16. Uji Homogenitas ..................................................................................... 75
4.17. Uji Komparasi Wilcoxon ........................................................................ 76
ix
Daftar Gambar
Gambar
Halaman
2.1 Proses Bottom Up ...................................................................................... 21
4.1.Distribusi Frekuensi Data Pre Test kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Teks
bahasa Inggris Siswa .................................................................................. 62
4.2.Katagori Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa Inggris Siswa
.................................................................................................................... 64
4.3. Distribusi Frekuensi Data Post Test kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Teks
bahasa Inggris Siswa ................................................................................. 66
4.4. Katagori Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Teks Bahasa Inggris Siswa
................................................................................................................... 67
4.5. Rekapitulasi Katagori Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Berdasarkan Hasil
Pre Test dan Post Test............................................................................... 72
x
Daftar Lampiran
Lampiran
Halaman
1. Surat Keputusan ................................................................................... 85
2. Permohonan Ijin Penelitian dari UPI ................................................... 86
3. Ijin Penelitian dari KESBANG dan LINMAS ..................................... 87
4. Ijin Penelitian dari Dinas Pendidikan .................................................. 88
5. Surat Pernyataan Telah Melakukan Penelitian .................................... 89
6. Instrumen Penelitian............................................................................. 90
7. Tabulasi Uji Instrumen ......................................................................... 92
8. Uji Reliabilitas Instrumen .................................................................... 94
9. Uji Validitas Instrumen ........................................................................ 96
10. Tabulasi Tingkat Kesukaran ................................................................ 101
11. Tabulasi Daya Pembeda ....................................................................... 103
12. Instrumen Pre Test ............................................................................... 105
13. RPP Model Pembelajaran Bottom Up Perlakuan Pertama ................... 111
14. RPP Model Pembelajaran Bottom Up Perlakuan Kedua ..................... 118
15. RPP Model Pembelajaran Bottom Up Perlakuan Ketiga ..................... 125
16. Lembar Observasi Perlakuan Pertama ................................................. 131
17. Lembar Observasi Perlakuan Kedua .................................................... 133
18. Lembar Observasi Perlakuan Pertama ................................................. 135
19. Instrumen ............................................................................................. 137
20. Tabulasi Skor Pre Test ......................................................................... 139
21. Instrumen Post Test .............................................................................. 140
22. Uji Normalitas ...................................................................................... 147
23. Uji Homogenitas .................................................................................. 148
24. Uji Wilcoxon ........................................................................................ 149
25. Profil SDN 2 Cikunten ......................................................................... 150
26. Foto Penelitian ..................................................................................... 152
xi