Green Coast Project in Indonesia

  

“The Green Coast project is restoring and managing coastal ecosystems to increase livelihood security for people in

tsunami hit regions”

Green Coast in Indonesia Green Coast Project in Indonesia

  The epicenter of the earthquake that caused the tsunami in December 2004 was close to the Indonesian province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam and Nias Island. Almost 130.000 people and 37.000 remain missing. The survivors lost almost everything: family, houses and livelihoods. Approximately 4,717 coastal fi shing boats lost, 20.000 ha fi sh ponds were destroyed or out of action, 60,000 farmers were displaced, over 60,000 ha agricultural land damaged and 100,000 small business persons have lost their livelihoods. Furthermore, the environment is

  (A joint report of the BRR and International Partners, December profoundly altered.

2005: ACEH AND NIAS ONE YEAR AFTER THE TSUNAMI; The Recovery Effort and Way Map of distribution of Small Grants

in the Aceh District

  Forward)

  The Green Coast project in Indonesia is implemented by Wetlands International Indonesia Programme (WIIP), WWF- Indonesia and Both ENDS’ partner GEF-Small Grants Program.

Coastal stretches

  Green Coast identifi ed priority coastal stretches in Indonesia: Simeulue, Nagan Raya and Aceh Barat, Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh, Pidie, Aceh Utara and Lhokseumawe and the Island of Nias.

Assessing the damage

  WIIP, together with local NGOs and the Syahkuala University conducted many assessments in Aceh and Nias Island, on wetlands ecology, vegetation, soil and agriculture, fi sheries, biodiversity and social economic development. Based on these assessments at least 31 specifi c areas were identifi ed that need priority in rehabilitation. WIIP developed an Interactive Multimedia Database, containing environmental and socio-economic information data of the six stretches as mentioned above Detailed assessment report of these strecthes is now available in both hard and soft copies in WI-IP office.

The Green Coast difference

  

Along the Aceh east coast we fi nd a good example of Green Coast assessments leading to policy recommendations

and community-based rehabilitation projects.

The assessment team found that there used to be very thick mangrove forests, but these were converted into

fi shponds long before this area hit by the tsunami. Many ponds and some villages were destroyed by the tsunami.

Some ponds are now being restored, but for most of them this will be too expensive due to heavy degradation.

The Green Coast partners recommend rapid adoption of a greenbelt policy, restoring the coast into mangrove

forest again. Otherwise lots of ponds and villages will disappear. And reconstruction of the existing ponds’ must

be modifi ed by planting mangrove in the middle and on the dikes of the ponds (silvo-fi shery) as well as behind the

coast line.

The Green Coast community-based rehabilitation projects in the East Coast coastal stretch (which covers districts

of Pidie, Bireun, Aceh Utara, and Lhokseumawe) focus on mangrove rehabilitation and coastal aquaculture in an

environmentally friendly way, like silvo-fi shery.

Infl uencing policy

  Green Coast partners established good working relations with the provincial government, the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency (BRR) and the Panglima Laot, the traditional local leaders of fi shing communities. WWF- Indonesia developed Green Reconstruction Policy Guidelines for Aceh and Green Coast teams visited coastal communities, asking for policy inputs to get the ‘voice’ of communities heard.

  Around 43 regulations and related policies in Coastal Resources Management (CRM) for Aceh, including the Traditional Sea Customary Law (Hukom Adat Laot) are reviewed and analysed for its post-tsunami relevance. Green Coast in Aceh established a forum that regularly meets to discuss CRM-related issues, involving NGOs, women groups, local government, BRR, scientists and Panglima Laot. In Nias Island, the CRM concept had been introduced as up to now there is no spesifi c regulation in managing their coastal resources.

The Green Coast difference

  

At the request of fi sh farmers in Lham Dingin the government built a 16.2 km long seawall to protect the ponds from

high tides, unfortunately without prior Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). As a result seawater is retained

behind the wall and the area becomes severely fl ooded during rainy season and high tides. Green Coast partners

already pointed at these risks during the planning of this construction.

Community-based rehabilitation projects

  Green Coast teams traveled to priority coastal stretches, where WIIP provided technical training to communities and CBOs, and WWF discussed issues like gender and required policy inputs. The technical training ranges from mangrove planting techniques to food processing technologies. Women traditionally play an important role in e.g. rice farming or collecting shell fi sh in mangroves. Green Coast rehabilitation projects focus specifi cally on regaining an income for these women.

  By May 2006, 44 rehabilitation projects have started operations, for a total sum of 570.000 euro, from which approximately 10,635 people will benefi t directly. Livelihoods are recovered by e.g. the provision of fi shing gear, fi sh processing, sewing machines or goat farming. In planting coastal vegetations (including fruit trees) 577 hectares will be rehabilitated. All projects are advised upon by a Provincial Reference Group, consisting of a gender expert and representatives of the BRR, NGO-network WALHI and the Panglima Laot.

The Green Coast difference

  

Mangrove restoration is notoriously diffi cult: the wrong species have been planted in the wrong places or did not

involve the people living close to the mangroves. As a result many seedlings died. Green Coast in Indonesia uses

the following approach: local communities are offered technical and fi nancial support/micro-credit to restore their

livelihoods. In return the communities provide environmental services like replanting and maintaining coastal forest

and fruit trees or establishing nurseries. If more than 75 percent of the planted seedlings are still alive after a set

period (6-10 months) the credit becomes a grant.

  

An example: in Alus-alus village, Simeulue, 8 ha was planted with seedlings of the beach tree specie Rhizophora,

combined with the procurement of boat engines to assist the fi sher folk to catch fi sh in the sea. The 5,000 seedlings

were successfully prepared by the local community with technical support from a WI-IP expert on silviculture: less

than 50 seedlings were reported dead and the ones that have been planted in the Alus-alus beach area were almost

1 meter tall in March 2006.

  Financed by:

  More information on Green Coast in Indonesia? Please contact the project coordinator: Nyoman N. Suryadiputra (nyoman@wetlands.or.id ) www.wetlands.org/greencoast/EN

• Rehabilitation and conservation of marine and fi sheries resources
• Community participation in management of marine and fi sheries resources
• Community empowerment in terms of economic livelihood

  Financed by:

“The Green Coast project is restoring and managing coastal ecosystems to increase livelihood security for people in

tsunami hit regions”

  Green Coast Project in Indonesia: POLICY

Ensuring Sustainable Coastal Resource Management through Policy Work

  Post-tsunami reconstruction efforts face the challenge of meeting immediate humanitarian needs whilst balancing longer-term development and natural disaster mitigation. A well-planned coastal development is needed for securing a better future.

  The tsunami aftermath in Indonesia has brought environmental concerns which need to be addressed not merely at the community level, but also at the decision making level. It is crucial to infl uence and engage the decision makers and community in planning, implementing as well as supervising the reconstruction and rehabilitation process as the policy developed will contribute to the future. At the same time, policy work is also aiming at providing guidance for the reconstruction and rehabilitation process towards sustainable livelihoods and environment.

  In creating a good understanding of environment issues at all level, it is important to approach the decision makers and coastal communities it-self. At the decision makers’ level, the approach applied is by providing inputs for policy making, through policy analysis document. As for the community, the approach used is by collecting on ground inputs and at the same time giving a substantial policy support at some level.

  the existing regulations pre and after tsunami in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) province, including the customary law which is the Traditional Sea Customary Law or known as Hukom Adat Laot. It is viewed important to take up this regulation as it is a part of the local wisdom which has been passed on over centuries and still implemented amongst the coastal community, especially fi shers. The Hukum Adat Laot regulates the fi shing activities of "Panglima Laot" (local commanders of the sea).

  Approximately 43 regulations in Coastal Resources Management have been reviewed and defi ned three strategic issues:

  © WIIP / Muhammad ILMAN © WIIP / Muhammad ILMAN

Two levels Approach

Policy Analysis: This approach is aiming at reviewing

  One of the recommendations of the Policy Analysis document for NAD and Nias Island is to produce provincial law on coastal and marine resources management including spatial planning issue. In supporting its technical implementation on ground, governor’s decree for NAD and head of district’s decrees for Nias Island is necessary to be developed. This policy analysis process also covers public consultation activity in order to examine the document as well as gain inputs both from the community and government.

  On ground Inputs: This approach is aiming at identifying the ”voice” from the

  community in order to develop a bottom-up policy. Experiences have showed that public acceptance plays a key role in policy implementation. Within this approach regular meetings have been set up as the tool in obtaining inputs from related parties involving the government, local NGOs as well as the community representatives. On ground inputs were also obtained through discussions and visits to small grants project sites. Within this approach some concerns revealed which are the communities’ access in the reconstruction and rehabilitation process, the coastal protection, and the gender issues.

  © WWF-Indonesia / Fazedah NASUTION

Panglima Laot

  The Panglima laot or known as Commander of the Sea is a person who lead other fi shers in a certain area and engaged under an institution called Lembaga Hukom Adat Laot. This system has been inherited since sixteen centuries. The Lembaga Hukom Adat Laot roles include conserving and managing the fi shery resources and environment.

  © WWF-US / Ralph ASHTON

What is the Green Coast project?

  The Green Coast Project aims to restore coastal ecosystems and provide natural shelter and other benefi ts and services to people that live in vulnerable coastal regions. In Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand and Malaysia partner organizations work together in three closely interlinked parts of the Green Coast project, to:

• • Assess the tsunami impacts on ecosystems and livelihoods, as well as local communities views and rights

• • Infl uence governments and aid agencies and corporate sector to sustainable manage and restore coastal

  natural resources
• Facilitate small grants for community-based rehabilitation projects

  The project is managed by Wetlands International and fi nanced during 1,5 year by Novib/Oxfam Netherlands through

  Dutch public charity funds.

  

In Indonesia the Green Coast project is being implemented by the Wetlands International Indonesia Programme,

WWF-Indonesia and Both ENDS´ partner GEF-Small Grants Program.

  More information on Green Coast in Indonesia? Please contact the project coordinator: Nyoman N. Suryadiputra (nyoman@wetlands.or.id ) www.wetlands.org/greencoast/EN

  

“The Green Coast project is restoring and managing coastal ecosystems to increase livelihood security for people in

tsunami hit regions”

Small Grants Projects in Indonesia

  

The lessons learnt, bottlenecks and constraints of the Green Coast

project implementation After 7 months of Green Coast Project implementation in Aceh and Nias several lessons can be learnt as follow:

  Seedlings eaten by animals. The protection of seedlings from animals using wire/metal fences is very expensive.

  OBSTACLE: Wooden/bamboo fences seem not strong enough to protect the seedlings.

  A budget should be allocated for such issue, otherwise many of the planted seedlings will be killed by the animals

SOLUTION:

  (eg. goat, cattle) Lack of skills. A number of local NGOs that received Small Grant funds seems to have a limited knowledge in OBSTACLE:

doing seedling preparation and implementing rehabilitation techniques (including in species and site selections and its maintenance).

  Therefore, the community groups handled by such NGOs would implement rehabilitation works without proper guidance.

  A training of trainers (ToT) to a certain number of NGOs staff in seedling (silviculture) and rehabilitation techniques

SOLUTION:

  

and let this trained people to transfer their knowledge to a number of community groups at the targeted rehabilitation sites in Aceh

and Nias. Currently, under Green Coast project, WIIP is only able to provide training to the small number of NGO people in Banda

Aceh because no budget allocated to do more broadly.

  Insuffi cient fund to support monitoring and evaluation (MonEv). The MonEv of the SG projects’ implementation in

OBSTACLE:

  

the fi eld by WIIP is very limited in terms of its frequency and its area coverage. This was due to a very limited amount of fund allocated

to do the MonEv (many project sites are remote and very costly to be visited) and limited number of people to do the works.

  MonEv is very important works to be implemented regularly and thoroughly, as it will not only record the project

SOLUTION:

  

output/results, but it also will be able to provide directions from the earlier stages during the project implementation. Therefore, Monev

should be properly structured, scheduled and budgeted from the planning process of the project, MonEv staff should be established

and trained to enable them in providing solution to the problems that may discovered during the Monev tasks.

  Lack of awareness. The GC project has not been equipped with awareness raising component. From the

OBSTACLE:

  

implementation of the SG’s rehabilitation works it was revealed that only a few of the local NGOs (including the local communities

that they worked with) have a suffi cient knowledge about the important values of the healthy coastal ecosystems. Many of them were

suspected of not having adequate understanding of why coastal areas are important to be rehabilitated and what are the function of

mangroves for their livelihood and their living habitat (this can be seen from the removal of the 2 months planted mangrove seedlings

and converted back into fi sh ponds in some areas and occupancy of coastal land areas to become their settlements).

  Awareness component is a must for all target groups, not only for adult villagers but it should also includes school

SOLUTION:

  

children and government offi cers. Such awareness raisings can be made in terms of campaigns, trainings, integration into school’s

curricula etc.

  Financed by:

Green Coast activity implemented in various provinces and/or coastal stretches

  Until June 2006 the SG activities in Aceh and Nias can be summarized as follow: Stretch & Numb of Started Funding use for Total trees will province projects be planted

  Est. 88,000 Simeulue

  

6 Some in November Procurement of fi shing tools

(Aceh) 2005 Est 150,000 Nagan raya and Aceh

  12 Some in November Cattle, goat and fi sh farming, small scale Barat (Aceh) 2005 business Est 500,000 Banda Aceh, Aceh

  19 Some in November Ecotourism, coastal policy, livelihood (fi sh Besar and Sabang 2005 and cattle farming, agriculture), procurement (Aceh) of fi shing tools, small scale business, food processing etc

  Est 100,000 Pidie

  3 May 2006 Silvo-fi shery, combined milk fi sh farming with (Aceh) mangrove trees planting and procurement of fi shing tools Est 126,000

  Aceh Utara &

  3 January 2006 Silvo-fi shery, combined milk fi sh farming with Lhokseumawe (Aceh) mangrove trees planting Est 101,000 Nias

  14 January 2006 Fish and crabs culture, chicken and duck (North Sumatra) farming Whole of

  3 Some in November Technical support, advocacy and awareness Aceh and Nias 2005 raising and strengthen local capacity

From the above table it can be seen that the Green Coast Project, up to June 2006, has committed

to fund 50 local NGOs and CBOs to implement rehabilitation works in Aceh and Nias. If all trees

planted by the SG recipients survived until the end of Green Coast project, at least 1 millions trees

would have been re-greened in the Aceh and Nias coastal areas with the contribution from the

Oxfam Novib Netherlands funding support

  More information on Green Coast in Indonesia? Please contact the project coordinator: Nyoman N. Suryadiputra (nyoman@wetlands.or.id ) www.wetlands.org/greencoast/EN

  

“The Green Coast project is restoring and managing coastal ecosystems to increase livelihood security for people in

tsunami hit regions” Green Coast Project in Indonesia: ASSESSMENT

Guiding Sustainable Coastal Recovery Based on Scientifi c Assessment Assessing the damage

  The earthquake and tsunami of 26 December 2004 caused major damage to most of the coastline of the province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) and islands off the west coast of Sumatra such as Simeulue Island and the Nias Islands. In March 2005 there was a second very large earthquake, which struck the Nias Islands particularly badly. These disaster caused physical and ecological damage and resulted in large scale rehabilitation needs on all levels.

  Wetlands International Indonesia Program collaborated intensively together with local NGOs and the university conducted many assessments on the following priority coastal stretches: Simeuleu, Nagan Raya and Aceh Barat, Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar, Pidie, Aceh Utara and Lhokseumawe and Nias Island. The purpose of the assessments is to fi gure out the tsunami impacts on the coastal environment. In addition it investigates the potential for rehabilitation, combined with community livelihood development in the tsunami- affected areas.

  The assessments cover several issues in the coastal areas:

• wetlands ecology

Signifi cant Finding

• vegetation and the potential for y

  At least six new lagoons established; rehabilitation four in Aceh Besar, one in Nagan Raya

• soil and agricultural development
• fi sheries

  and one in Aceh Barat. These lagoons

• biodiversity

  were formerly rice fi eld, tambak ponds or

• social economic development

  river mouth, but due to the coastal land subsidence and block of the front areas Map of distribution of Small Grants

  (facing the sea) by the tsunami sand, in the Aceh District they now formed lagoons with a slightly brackish up to saline waters.

Damaged site and its potential Damaged site and its potential Damaged site and its potential

  No less than eleven commercial marine rehabilitation fi sh species have been reported from these lagoons and the lagoons themselves

  The assessment work report shows that all of the coastal sites have

  have a high ecological and economical

  suffered differently from the earthquake and tsunami. In Simeulue for

  values (including for ecotourism and

  instance, the tsunami lifted the island and the coastline has fi shery development). been broadened. In Aceh Barat agricultural lands were damaged, partly due to salt water. In spite of severe damages on coastal areas, the assessment work also defi nes remained potentials for rehabilitation.

  Financed by:

  Following is brief information of the impact, status and needs for the priority coastal stretches damaged the most by the tsunami: Simeulue Island: Coastal Ecosystem Rehabilitation Through Fisherfolks’ Livelihood Development Simeulue Island was severely damaged by the tsunami. Still there are possibilities to recover both the environment and people’s livelihoods. Assessments have been done in the villages Alus-alus and Labuhan Bakti. In this area, the tsunami and earthquake have changed the morphological form of the coastal area. Because the island was lifted, its coastal area has broadened and dried out. This killed the coral reefs and the island’s mangrove trees, but no damage was found on the agricultural lands. The main conclusions of the assessment are that in Simeulue, the agricultural lands are still in good condition. Agriculture and captured fi sheries could be developed in this area. The potential for rehabilitation can be implemented in the sandy beach area and in the damaged mangrove habitat.

  © WIIP / Muhammad ILMAN Aceh Barat and Nagan Raya: Coastal Beach Rehabilitation Through Agriculture Based Livelihoods Development In Aceh Barat and Nagan Raya assessments have been done in the villages Cot Rambong, Kuala Trang, Pucok Lueng and Lok Bubon. Agricultural lands here suffered damage from the tsunami, possibly from the infl ux of salt water, but also as a result of being silted up by tsunami mud. The land is now covered by shrubs and bushes. The main conclusions of the assessments are that in Aceh Barat and Nagan Raya districts the drainage canals were damaged by the tsunami. Agricultural lands were contaminated by sea water. Restoration of the canals and agriculture lands is therefore required.

  © WIIP / Muhammad ILMAN Captured fi sheries and vegetation rehabilitation can also be implemented in this coastal area.

  Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh: Coastal Ecosystem Rehabilitation Through Coastal Resources Based Livelihoods Development In Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh assessments have been done in the villages Tibang, Lam Dingin, Neuhun and Lamnga.

  The tsunami has silted up the aquaculture ponds in this area. Some ponds have even disappeared due to land subsidence; they were inundated by sea water. For the Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh districts, the main conclusions of the assessments are that ponds restorations are likely to be made in Neuhun and Lamnga. But for the severely damaged ponds in Tibang

  © WIIP / Muhammad ILMAN and Lam Dingin this will be too costly. The disappeared ponds can potentially be planted with mangroves.

  Pidie, Aceh Utara and Lhokseumawe: Mangrove Ecosystem Rehabilitation Through Silvo-fi shery These areas used to be a very thick mangrove forests, but it was converted long before the tsunami stroke Aceh. Tsunami has severely destructed the ponds and some of the villages, most ponds not yet restored due to a heavily degradation and costly to restore; and some villages border with the sea are facing serious abrasion. This region should receive serious mangrove rehabilitation, otherwise lots of ponds and villages will be disappeared. An environmentally friendly coastal aquaculture which is silvofi shery (combination of mangrove and aquaculture) suits to be implemented in this area.

  © WIIP / Muhammad ILMAN Nias Island: Mangrove Ecosystem Rehabilitation Through Silvofi shery In Nias Island assessments have been done in the villages Moafe, Lafau and Onolimbu. In Lafau and Moafe the earthquake in March 2005 has caused land to be lifted and many mangrove trees were found dead. But in Onolimbu Village the land subsided in a band one-hundred meters wide stretching inland from the former coast line. Here a number of coconut trees were inundated by sea water and died. The main conclusion of the research is that fi sheries could be developed in Moafe and Iafau Village. Yet rehabilitation seems to face serious substrate and water constraints. In Onolimbu Village coastal captured fi shery can still be developed.

  © WIIP / Muhammad ILMAN A full report of the assessment work can be found on the Green Cost website: www.wetlands.org/greencoast/EN/

What is the Green Coast project?

  The Green Coast Project aims to restore coastal ecosystems and provide natural shelter and other benefi ts and services to people that live in vulnerable coastal regions. In Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand and Malaysia partner organizations work together in three closely interlinked parts of the Green Coast project, to:

• • Assess the tsunami impacts on ecosystems and livelihoods, as well as local communities views and rights

• • Infl uence governments and aid agencies and corporate sector to sustainable manage and restore coastal

  natural resources
• Facilitate small grants for community-based rehabilitation projects The project is managed by Wetlands International and fi nanced during 1,5 year by Novib/Oxfam Netherlands through Dutch public charity funds.

  

In Indonesia the Green Coast project is being implemented by the Wetlands International Indonesia Programme,

WWF-Indonesia and Both ENDS´ partner GEF-Small Grants Program.

  More information on Green Coast in Indonesia? Please contact the project coordinator: Nyoman N. Suryadiputra (nyoman@wetlands.or.id )

  

“The Green Coast project is restoring and managing coastal ecosystems to increase livelihood security for people in

tsunami hit regions”

Small Grants Projects in Indonesia: Coastal region of Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar The project at a glance… Community-Based Marine

  Location:

Protected Area for Sustainable

  Anoi Itam village, situated on North Coast of NAD, in Sabang District

Fisheries

Period: Eliminating Destructive Fishing in Anoi Itam Village

  14 March 2006 up to 13 March 2007

Sabang District

  Targeted number of benefi ciaries: Approximately 421 people Approved budget: th

  Euro 48,762 On the 26 of December 2004 …

  Rehabilitated Targeted Area: 10 ha and another 20 ha for Marine

  …Anoi Itam, a village, located in about 12 kilometres Protected Area away from Sabang city, must experience with much more damaged coral reefs which were already existed before the earthquake and tsunami. The damage was a result of destructive fi shing practices and it had caused the community - mostly fi sher- a signifi cant less income each day in this area. An integrated approach in conserving the coastal resources is a must for maximum results, either for the environmental or economic concerns.

The objective of the project

  The long term goal of the project is to establish a sustainable community based Sea Garden in Sabang coastal resource management. The main objectives of the project are:

  © WWF-Indonesia / Fazedah NASUTION §

  Establishing a community based marine protected area through collaborative work with local government §

  Re-greening coastal areas by planting at least 3.000 coastal vegetation §

  Developing a strategic plan for a village level integrated coastal management §

  Revitalizing the traditional regulations in conserving coastal resources Financed by:

  § Strengthening the role and capacity of local institution and community group by delivering trainings on organization management, planning and development as well as sustainable natural resources management

  § Capacity building for community in organizing eco-tourism business as alternatives for income resource

Who is implementing the project

  Map of Sabang District The project is being implemented by Pusat Gerakan dan Advokasi Rakyat (PUGAR) which facilitates a collaborative work between local community and other stakeholders by carrying out a series public consultation, training and advocacy. The establishment of a community

based protected area will be managed under a village level strategic plan and a revitalized traditional

regulation and institution.

What do the benefi ciaries have to say?

  “We used to obtain approximately IDR 70.000 (equals to USD 7), but then it got less each day since fi shermen from outside our village using damaging fi shing gears like bomb, poison and trawl in catching the fi sh. Now, with the opportunity offered within the project, we have to improve our efforts in conserving our areas and its resources for a sustainable benefi t.” (Ahmad, Benefi ciary)

  Anoi Itam area © WIIP / Muhammad ILMAN

What is the Green Coast project?

  The Green Coast Project aims to restore coastal ecosystems and provide natural shelter and other benefi ts and services to people that live in vulnerable coastal regions. In Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand and Malaysia partner organizations work together in three closely interlinked parts of the Green Coast project, to:

• Assess the tsunami impacts on ecosystems and livelihoods, as well as local communities views and rights
• Infl uence governments and aid agencies and corporate sector to sustainable manage and restore coastal natural resources
• Facilitate small grants for community-based rehabilitation projects The project is managed by Wetlands International and fi nanced during 1,5 year by Novib/Oxfam Netherlands through Dutch public charity funds.

  In Indonesia the Green Coast project is being implemented by the Wetlands International Indonesia Programme, WWF-Indonesia and Both ENDS´ partner GEF-Small Grants Program.

  More information on Green Coast in Indonesia? Please contact the project coordinator: Nyoman N. Suryadiputra (nyoman@wetlands.or.id ) www.wetlands.org/greencoast/EN

  

“The Green Coast project is restoring and managing coastal ecosystems to increase livelihood security for people in

tsunami hit regions”

Small Grants Projects in Indonesia: Coastal region of Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar The project at a glance… Understanding Linkages of

  Location:

Mangrove Forest and Livelihood

  Ujung Blang, Ule Jalan and Teungah

A best practice model in Lam Ujong Village

  sub-villages of Lam Ujong Village

Aceh Besar District

  located in Aceh Besar District

Period:

  th

  28 February 2006 up to 28 February

  On the 26 of December 2004 …

  2007

  Targeted number of benefi ciaries: …Lam Ujong is a village located in Baitussalam

  Approximately 150 families

  sub district of Aceh Besar district. It takes about Approved Budget:

  Euro 26.000 (for 3 sub-villages) 30 minutes drive from Banda Aceh to Lam Ujong.

  Rehabilitated Targeted Area: There was 189 people (from total of 600) in this

  45 ha

  village were killed over the tsunami. In early 90s about 50 ha of the former mangrove areas were converted to brackish water fi shponds and salt pans. As the results of tsunami, both ponds and the salt pans silted up with mud. It leaves the community with very limited option in continuing their livelihood activities.

The project

  Within the project implementation, the community groups from three sub-villages are provided with working capital to run small scale silvo-fi shery. In Indonesia a silvo-fi shery concept has been applied since early 90s. This concept is to combine fi sh pond (for farming fi sh and shrimp) with mangrove trees in the pond. A certain percentage of the pond will be forming a gutter of where fi sh/shrimps can

  © WIIP / Muhammad ILMAN

  live, while in the middle of the pond and also on the dikes, the mangrove is allowed to grow. By doing this, the mangrove, apart from fi rming the dikes construction (piled up using pond earth/soil), it will also act as shelter for the fi sh and provide natural food and fertilizers to the pond. In most coastal aquaculture the present of freshwater (later to be mixed with salt water), usually provided by the river nearby the ponds, is a must in order to maintained the ponds water salinity brackish; as Penaeid shrimps and fi shes (usually milk fi sh, Chanos chanos ) farmed in the ponds at some stages required such conditions. In order to protect Chanos chanos Chanos chanos the river banks from abrasion and to obtain the better river water quality,e.g. less turbid water, the river banks (also part of the ponds) are planted with mangroves.

  Financed by: Having mangrove trees both in the ponds and in the river, not only improve the water quality and strengthened the pond and river banks structures but it also protects the fi shers’ settlements which usually located nearby their ponds from future disasters (including abrasion, sea current, hurricane etc). In implementing this silvo-fi shery concept in 3 sub-villages (Ujung Blang, Ule Jalan and Teungah), the community groups are requested to plant mangrove seedlings on their ponds and it dikes (82,000 seedlings) and at the river banks (20,000 seedlings), and in return to these works the groups are provided with small grants from the Green Coast Project that can be used as a working capital to implement fi sh farming in their replanted (silvo-fi shery) ponds and cattle farming in their owned land. Apart from above, as a consequence of receiving the grants, the groups are also obliged to maintain the seedlings that they planted to least 70% survived until the end of the project period in 2007.

Who is implementing the project

  The project is implemented by community based organization groups in Ujung Blang, Ule Jalan and Teungah sub- villages of Lam Ujong village under Wetlands International Indonesia Program advisory and supervision.

Brackish water ponds historical development and concept for Silvo-fi shery

  Mangrove & FARM wildlife DIKE

  Cross section of old fashion pond with no

OLD MODEL:

  mangrove left Cross section of pondwith

MODIFIED NEW MODEL:

  mangrove and chicken/duck/goat farming in the middle Cross section of pond with mangrove but

NEW MODEL:

  

no chicken farming in the middle View from above of the latest model, effi cient in land use

© Illustrations by Nyoman Suryadiputra

What is the Green Coast project?

  The Green Coast Project aims to restore coastal ecosystems and provide natural shelter and other benefi ts and services to people that live in vulnerable coastal regions. In Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand and Malaysia partner organizations work together in three closely interlinked parts of the Green Coast project, to:

• • Assess the tsunami impacts on ecosystems and livelihoods, as well as local communities views and rights

• • Infl uence governments and aid agencies and corporate sector to sustainable manage and restore coastal

  natural resources
• Facilitate small grants for community-based rehabilitation projects The project is managed by Wetlands International and fi nanced during 1,5 year by Novib/Oxfam Netherlands through Dutch public charity funds.

  

In Indonesia the Green Coast project is being implemented by the Wetlands International Indonesia Programme,

WWF-Indonesia and Both ENDS´ partner GEF-Small Grants Program.

  More information on Green Coast in Indonesia? Please contact the project coordinator: Nyoman N. Suryadiputra (nyoman@wetlands.or.id )

  

“The Green Coast project is restoring and managing coastal ecosystems to increase livelihood security for people in

tsunami hit regions”

Small Grants Projects in Indonesia: Coastal region of Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar Ensuring Long-term Sustainability Uses The project at a glance… of the New Coastal Wetland Ecosystems

  Location: Pulot Village, situated on North

Established After the Tsunami Coast of NAD, Aceh Besar District. A pilot project proposed of integrated lagoon management in Pulot Period:

  June 2006 up to March 2007 Village, Aceh Besar District.

  Targeted number of benefi ciaries: Approximately 170 households

  TT T he tsunami on December 2004 then followed with the earthquake on Approved budget: Euro 51,150

  March 2005 has caused a number of new established coastal wetland types along the west and south west coast of Aceh. Among these Rehabilitated Targeted Area: coastal wetland types are lagoon, brackish-water swamp and salt water

  75 ha pools. One of these lagoons is located in Pulot Village of Leupung Sub- district, Aceh Besar District.

  Based on the environmental assessment works carried out by Wetlands International Indonesia Programme (WIIP), it was discovered that this lagoon showed high fi shery potential values to support the community livelihood that can be combined with eco-tourism (such as tracking, climbing the hills, sport fi shing), as at the back of the lagoon is a hilly areas (with spring water fed to the lagoon) and in front of the lagoon the white sand beach and Indian Ocean view are beautiful. This lagoon has an easy access as it is located beside the old main road (currently being reconstructed) which connects Banda Aceh and Meulaboh. Previously, the community in this area were very much dependant on agriculture (paddy fi eld), fi shery (aquaculture and catching) and mixed farm land. But due to the catastrophe, most of this agriculture land and fi sh ponds were destroyed (mainly inundated with salt water and

  © WIIP now formed a waterlogged area/lagoon, silted up by sand or tsunami mud).

  Therefore, their livelihood are seriously affected. The economic values potential offered by the newly established lagoon is indeed a good hope for the community as one of their livelihood resource alternatives.

The Threats

  This lagoon is now facing several problems such as siltation due to banks erosion, fi lled up remaining tsunami debris, potential environmental impact from the road construction and no clear management status of the area.

  Erosion in the lagoon © WIIP

  Financed by:

Action Undertaken

  In order to safe the Pulot’s lagoon (including its coastal wetlands surrounding the lagoon) for the present and future benefi ts of the people living surrounding it and for the sake of maintaining the fi shery diversity in the lagoon, the project is therefore proposing a community based participation on coastal wetlands (focusing on lagoon area and its surrounding) integrated management in Pulot Village through a number of activities as follow: (1) Coastal wetlands management (mapping and zoning of the lagoon area, establishing community based lagoon and other coastal wetlands’ resource utilization rules and management)

  (2) Capacity building (including training on seedling preparation and vegetation rehabilitation) (3) Rehabilitation of lagoon banks and its surrounding through vegetation rehabilitation (4) Awareness raising (cleaning up lagoons from debris and garbage and producing campaign and awareness materials) (5) Community livelihood enhancement programme trough fi shery, agriculture and eco-tourism sectors

  In implementing the project, the WIIP is working closely with the Pulot Village community. The community is actively involved in maintaining, rehabilitating and protecting their coastal ecosystems. This includes planting lagoon banks and cleaning it from the debris and practicing environmentally friendly fi shery techniques (e.g. using appropriate fi shing techniques that not damage fi sh population in the sea and in the lagoon).

• Assess the tsunami impacts on ecosystems and livelihoods, as well as local communities views and rights
• Infl uence governments and aid agencies and corporate sector to sustainable manage and restore coastal natural resources
• Facilitate small grants for community-based rehabilitation projects The project is managed by Wetlands International and fi nanced during 1,5 year by Novib/Oxfam Netherlands through Dutch public charity funds.

  More information on Green Coast in Indonesia? Please contact the project coordinator: Nyoman N. Suryadiputra (nyoman@wetlands.or.id ) www.wetlands.org/greencoast/EN

  © WIIP

Partner on ground

What is the Green Coast project?

  The Green Coast Project aims to restore coastal ecosystems and provide natural shelter and other benefi ts and services to people that live in vulnerable coastal regions. In Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand and Malaysia partner organizations work together in three closely interlinked parts of the Green Coast project, to:

  In Indonesia the Green Coast project is being implemented by the Wetlands International Indonesia Programme, WWF-Indonesia and Both ENDS´ partner GEF-Small Grants Program.

  

“The Green Coast project is restoring and managing coastal ecosystems to increase livelihood security for people in

tsunami hit regions”

Small Grants Projects in Indonesia: Coastal region of Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar The project at a glance… Coastal Rehabilitation throughout Location:

  Tibang Village located on North

Women’s Hands

  Coast of NAD, in Banda Aceh District

Period:

  On the 26th of December 2004…

  28 November 2005 up to February 2007

  …an earthquake struck 150 km off the coast of Aceh followed

Targeted number of benefi ciaries:

  by the tsunami wave which swept clean an 800 km coastal strip

  Approximately 143 families – equivalent to the coastline from San Francisco to San Diego.

  Approved budget: Some 130,000 people were killed and 37,000 remain missing.

  Euro 20.000.

  Damage in fi sheries sector fi gured 4,717 coastal fi shing boats Rehabilitated Targeted Area: lost and 20,000 ha of fi sh ponds destroyed or out of action.

  12 ha

  (A Joint Report of The BRR and International Partners, December 2005: ACEH AND NIAS ONE YEAR AFTER THE TSUNAMI; The Recovery Effort and Way Forward).