Gorakhpur report Synthesis

The Energy and Resources Institute

SYNTHESIS REPORT

AUGUST 2012

Mainstreaming Climate Resilience in Urban Areas

A case of Gorakhpur City

MainstreaMing CliMate

resilienCe in Urban areas

a case of gorakhpur City

synthesis report

aUgUst 2012

ƵŐƵƐƚϮϬϭϮΞdŚĞŶĞƌŐLJĂŶĚZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ;dZ/Ϳ͕ĞůŚŝ͕/ŶĚŝĂ

^ƵŐŐĞƐƚĞĚĐŝƚĂƟŽŶ͗

dZ/͕ϮϬϭϮ͘DĂŝŶƐƚƌĞĂŵŝŶŐůŝŵĂƚĞZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŝŶhƌďĂŶƌĞĂƐͲĐĂƐĞŽĨ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌŝƚLJ͘ &ŽƌŵŽƌĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ

WƌŽũĞĐƚDŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐĞůů

T E R I Tel͘ ϮϰϲϴϮϭϬϬŽƌϮϰϲϴϮϭϭϭ

ĂƌďĂƌŝ^ĞƚŚůŽĐŬ E-mail ƉŵĐΛƚĞƌŝ͘ƌĞƐ͘ŝŶ

/,ŽŵƉůĞdž͕>ŽĚŚŝZŽĂĚ Fax ϮϰϲϴϮϭϰϰŽƌϮϰϲϴϮϭϰϱ

EĞǁĞůŚŝʹϭϭϬϬϬϯ /ŶĚŝĂнϵϭͻĞůŚŝ;ϬͿϭϭ

/ŶĚŝĂ Website ǁǁǁ͘ƚĞƌŝŝŶ͘ŽƌŐ

Disclaimer_:

dŚŝƐƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚǁŝƚŚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞZŽĐŬĞĨĞůůĞƌ&ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶĂƐƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞƐŝĂŶŝƟĞƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞ ZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞEĞƚǁŽƌŬ;ZEͿ͘ZEĂŝŵƐƚŽĐĂƚĂůLJƐĞĂƩĞŶƟŽŶ͕ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ͕ĂŶĚĂĐƟŽŶŽŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĐůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ĨŽƌƉŽŽƌĂŶĚǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞƉĞŽƉůĞŝŶĐŝƟĞƐďLJĐƌĞĂƟŶŐƌŽďƵƐƚŵŽĚĞůƐĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐŝĞƐĨŽƌĂƐƐĞƐƐŝŶŐĂŶĚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƌŝƐŬ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂĐƟǀĞĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐŽĨϭϬĐŝƟĞƐŝŶƐŝĂ͘dŚĞZEƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞĞŶŐĂŐĞƐůŽĐĂůůĞǀĞůĂŶĚŶĂƟŽŶĂů ŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶƐŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂ͕/ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂ͕dŚĂŝůĂŶĚ͕ĂŶĚsŝĞƚŶĂŵ͕ĂŶĚǁĂƐĐŽŶĐĞŝǀĞĚĂŶĚůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚďLJdŚĞZŽĐŬĞĨĞůůĞƌ&ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ ŝŶϮϬϬϴ͘

പdZ/ǁĂƐĂƉƉŽŝŶƚĞĚĂƐƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůWŽůŝĐLJĚǀŝƐĞƌƚŽZEŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂŝŶƚŚĞLJĞĂƌϮϬϬϵ͘/ŶůĂƚĞϮϬϭϬ͕dZ/ƐƚĂƌƚĞĚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ŽŶ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌĐŝƚLJƚŽŚĞůƉƚŚĞĐŝƚLJŵĂŝŶƐƚƌĞĂŵŝƚƐƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ͘dŚŝƐƐLJŶƚŚĞƐŝƐƌĞƉŽƌƚŝƐĂŶĂďƌŝĚŐĞĚǀĞƌƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĮŶĂů ƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƵďŵŝƩĞĚƚŽƚŚĞZŽĐŬĞĨĞůůĞƌ&ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ͘dŚĞƌĞƉŽƌƚĚƌĂǁƐĨƌŽŵdZ/͛ƐŝŶͲĚĞƉƚŚƐƚƵĚLJĂŶĚƌĞǀŝĞǁŽĨǀĂƌŝŽƵƐĐƚƐ͕ LJůĂǁƐ͕WŽůŝĐŝĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐĂƉƉůŝĐĂďůĞƚŽĐŝƚLJŽĨ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌĂŶĚhƩĂƌWƌĂĚĞƐŚ^ƚĂƚĞǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞĐŝƚLJŝƐůŽĐĂƚĞĚ͘ sĂƌŝŽƵƐĐŝƚLJƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶƐŚĂǀĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚƚŽǁĂƌĚƐĐŝƚLJƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐĂŶĚŚĂǀĞŚĞůƉĞĚƐŚĂƉĞƚŚĞ ƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ͘ŶLJĐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐŽŶƚŚŝƐƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶĐĂŶďĞĚŝƌĞĐƚĞĚƚŽĚŝǀLJĂƐΛƚĞƌŝ͘ƌĞƐ͘ŝŶ

Contents

>ŝƐƚŽĨĂďďƌĞǀŝĂƟŽŶƐ ǀ

Preface vii

ĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŝdž

džĞĐƵƟǀĞ^ƵŵŵĂƌLJĂŶĚ<ĞLJDĞƐƐĂŐĞƐ džŝ

/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ϭ

ϭ͘/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ϭ

ϭ͘ϭKďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ Ϯ

ϭ͘Ϯ^ƚƵĚLJƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ Ϯ

/ŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂůŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ϯ

Ϯ͘ϭhƌďĂŶWůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ϯ

Ϯ͘Ϯ,ŽƵƐŝŶŐ ϰ

Ϯ͘ϯtĂƚĞƌ^ƵƉƉůLJĂŶĚ^ĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ ϰ

Ϯ͘ϰ^ŽůŝĚtĂƐƚĞ ϳ

Ϯ͘ϱŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ϳ

^ĞĐƚŽƌŝĂůŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ϵ

ϯ͘ĂƐŝĐƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ϵ

ϯ͘ϭ^ŽůŝĚǁĂƐƚĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ϵ

ϯ͘ϮƌĂŝŶĂŐĞĂŶĚƐĞǁĞƌĂŐĞƐLJƐƚĞŵ ϭϭ

ϯ͘ϯƌŝŶŬŝŶŐtĂƚĞƌ ϭϯ

ϯ͘ϰĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶΘ&ůŽŽĚDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ϭϲ

ϯ͘ϱ&ůŽŽĚDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ϭϴ

ϯ͘ϲWƵďůŝĐ,ĞĂůƚŚ Ϯϭ

ϯ͘ϳhƌďĂŶWůĂŶŶŝŶŐ Ϯϯ

ϯ͘ϴ,ŽƵƐŝŶŐ Ϯϰ

ϯ͘ϵŶĞƌŐLJ Ϯϲ

ŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ Ϯϴ

ŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƐĂŶĚtĂLJ&ŽƌǁĂƌĚ ϯϱ

list of

abbreviations

ZE ƐŝĂŶ ŝƟĞƐ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ ZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ

EĞƚǁŽƌŬ

^hW ĂƐŝĐ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐƚŽhƌďĂŶWŽŽƌ

dW ŽŵŵŽŶŋƵĞŶƚdƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚWůĂŶƚ

ŽŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂůŵĞŶĚŵĞŶƚĐƚ

DK ŚŝĞĨDĞĚŝĐĂůKĸĐĞƌ

W,K ĞŶƚƌĂůWƵďůŝĐ,ĞĂůƚŚĂŶĚŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

ŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ

D ŝƐƚƌŝĐƚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ

td^ ĞĐĞŶƚƌĂůŝnjĞĚ tĂƐƚĞǁĂƚĞƌ dƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ

^LJƐƚĞŵ

h ŝƐƚƌŝĐƚhƌďĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ

t^ ĂƌůLJtĂƌŶŝŶŐ^LJƐƚĞŵ

'' 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĐƟŽŶ'ƌŽƵƉ

't ;^ƚĂƚĞͿ'ƌŽƵŶĚtĂƚĞƌŽĂƌĚ

' 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ

'/ 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ /ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂů ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ

ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ

'DͬD'DƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŽŶŽĨ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ

'Ž/ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂ

'Z^ 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ

/d /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ

/, /ŶĨĞĐƟŽƵƐŝƐĞĂƐĞƐ,ŽƐƉŝƚĂů

/,^W /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ,ŽƵƐŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ^ůƵŵ

ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚWƌŽŐƌĂŵĞ

/>^ /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ>ŽǁŽƐƚ^ĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ^ĐŚĞŵĞ

/^d /ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ ĨŽƌ ^ŽĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů

dƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶ

/^tD /ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ^ŽůŝĚtĂƐƚĞDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ

: :ĂƉĂŶĞƐĞŶĐĞƉŚĂůŝƟƐ

:ŶEhZD :ĂǁĂŚĂƌůĂů EĞŚƌƵ EĂƟŽŶĂů hƌďĂŶ ZĞŶĞǁĂůDŝƐƐŝŽŶ

>/' >ŽǁĞƌ/ŶĐŽŵĞ'ƌŽƵƉ

D> DŝůůŝŽŶ>ŝƚƌĞƐƉĞƌĚĂLJ

D/' DŝĚĚůĞ/ŶĐŽŵĞ'ƌŽƵƉ

DŽ& DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂŶĚ&ŽƌĞƐƚƐ

DŽ,hW DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ ,ŽƵƐŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ hƌďĂŶ WŽǀĞƌƚLJ ůůĞǀŝĂƟŽŶ

DŽh DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨhƌďĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ

D^t DƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů^ŽůŝĚtĂƐƚĞ

ED EĂƟŽŶĂůŝƐĂƐƚĞƌDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ

ED^, EĂƟŽŶĂůDŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŶ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ,ĂďŝƚĂƚ

KΘD KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚDĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ

K,d KǀĞƌŚĞĂĚƚĂŶŬ

WWW WƵďůŝĐWƌŝǀĂƚĞWĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ

Wt WƵďůŝĐtŽƌŬƐĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ

Zz ZĂũŝǀǁĂƐzŽũĂŶĂ

^,' ^ĞůĨŚĞůƉŐƌŽƵƉ

^:^Zz ^ǁĂƌŶĂ:ĂLJĂŶƟ^ŚĂŚĂƌŝZŽũŐĂƌzŽũĂŶĂ

^tD ^ŽůŝĚtĂƐƚĞDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ

^D ^ƚĂƚĞŝƐĂƐƚĞƌDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ

^KW ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚKƉĞƌĂƟŶŐWƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞ

^W ^ƚĂƚĞWŽůůƵƟŽŶŽŶƚƌŽůŽĂƌĚ

^Ws ^ŽůĂƌWŚŽƚŽǀŽůƚĂŝĐ

^dW ^ĞǁĂŐĞdƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚWůĂŶƚ

^^> ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŝnjĞĚ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ>ĞǀĞůĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬƐ

^h ^ƚĂƚĞhƌďĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ

^h^ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞhƌďĂŶƌĂŝŶĂŐĞ^LJƐƚĞŵ

hW&/ hƌďĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂŶĚWůĂŶ&ŽƌŵƵůĂƟŽŶ

ĂŶĚ/ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ

h/^^Dd hƌďĂŶ /ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ

^ĐŚĞŵĞĨŽƌ^ŵĂůůĂŶĚDĞĚŝƵŵdŽǁŶƐ

h> hƌďĂŶ>ŽĐĂůŽĚLJ

hEW hŶŝƚĞĚEĂƟŽŶƐĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚWƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ

hZZ hƌďĂŶZŝƐŬZĞĚƵĐƟŽŶ

hW hƩĂƌWƌĂĚĞƐŚ

prefaCe

T

ŚĞƐŝĂŶŝƟĞƐůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞEĞƚǁŽƌŬ;ZEͿŚĂƐŚĞůƉĞĚϭϬĐŝƟĞƐŝŶƐŝĂƚŽĂƐƐĞƐƐƚŚĞŝƌ

ƌŝƐŬƐĨƌŽŵĐůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞŝŵƉĂĐƚƐĂŶĚďƵŝůĚƚŚĞŝƌƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJƚŽƌĞƐƉŽŶĚƚŽƚŚĞƐĞŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ͘ 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌŚĂƐďĞĞŶŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚŚƌĞĞZEĐŝƟĞƐŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂ͘dŚĞ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌZŝƐŬƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚĂŶĚ sƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚLJŶĂůLJƐŝƐǁĂƐĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚĂƐƉĂƌƚŽĨWŚĂƐĞ/ŽĨƚŚĞZEŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂ͘dŚĞŽƵƚĐŽŵĞǁĂƐĂ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚďLJdŚĞ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĐƟŽŶ'ƌŽƵƉ;''Ϳ͘

tŚŝůĞ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ ƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚ ƐĞĐƚŽƌͲƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ĐĂƌƌŝĞĚ ŽƵƚ ƚŽ ďƵŝůĚ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĚƵĐĞǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͕ŝƚǁĂƐĨĞůƚďLJdZ/ƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJĐŽƵůĚŶŽƚƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůůLJ ďĞĂĚŽƉƚĞĚŝŶĂĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞŵĂŶŶĞƌŝŶƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͘^ŽŵĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐǁĞƌĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞĐŽƵƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJ͕ďƵƚŽŶůLJĂĐŽƵƉůĞŽĨƚŚĞŵĐŽƵůĚďĞƚĂŬĞŶĨŽƌǁĂƌĚĨŽƌŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚ ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚďLJƚŚĞZŽĐŬĞĨĞůůĞƌ&ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ͘DŽƐƚƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJƌĞŵĂŝŶĞĚƐŚĞůǀĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĂďƐĞŶĐĞ ŽĨĂŶLJƌĞŐƵůĂƚŽƌLJŽƌƉŽůŝĐLJďĂĐŬŝŶŐĂŶĚĂƐĂƌĞƐƵůƚĐŽƵůĚŶŽƚďĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĨŽƌŵĂůƵƌďĂŶƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐĂŶĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ͘/ƚǁĂƐĨĞůƚƚŚĂƚĨŽƌůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐĨŽƌĐůŝŵĂƚĞƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ͕ƚŚĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ƵŶĚĞƌZEƐŚŽƵůĚďĞďƌŽƵŐŚƚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞƌĞŐƵůĂƌƵƌďĂŶƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬŽĨĐŝƟĞƐ͘dŚƵƐ͕ƚŚĞƉƌŽũĞĐƚŽŶ ͞ZŝƐŬƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚĂŶĚZĞǀŝĞǁŽĨWƌĞǀĂŝůŝŶŐ>ĂǁƐ͕^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ͕WŽůŝĐŝĞƐ͕ĂŶĚWƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐƚŽůŝŵĂƚĞWƌŽŽĨŝƟĞƐ͕͟ ǁĂƐĐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĞĚƚŽdZ/ƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞZEĂŶĚŚĂƐďĞĞŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďĂƐŝĐĂŝŵŽĨƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐŝŶƉƵƚƐ ƚŽŵĂŝŶƐƚƌĞĂŵƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŽƉƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞƵƌďĂŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘

dŚĞ ƐƚƵĚLJ ƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƐ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ĞŶƚƌLJ ƉŽŝŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞdžŝƐƟŶŐ ƉŽůŝĐLJ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŐƵůĂƚŽƌLJ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬĂŶĚŝĚĞŶƟĮĞƐƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂĐƟŽŶƉŽŝŶƚƐƚŚĂƚŵĂLJďĞƚĂŬĞŶƵƉĂƚƚŚĞĐŝƚLJĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞůĞǀĞůƚŽŵĂŝŶƐƚƌĞĂŵ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ;ďŽƚŚŵŝĚͲƚĞƌŵĂŶĚůŽŶŐͲƚĞƌŵͿ͘dZ/ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚŽĨ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌĂƐ ĂďĂƐĞůŝŶĞƚŽĚĞǀĞůŽƉƚŚŝƐƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŵĂŝŶƐƚƌĞĂŵŝŶŐƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJĨŽƌƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͘ƌĞǀŝĞǁŽĨƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐĂŶĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ ǁĂƐĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƐĞĐƚŽƌŝŶŽƌĚĞƌƚŽƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂĐƟŽŶƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚƐĞĐƚŽƌ͕ƐŽƚŚĂƚĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐ ĐŽƵůĚďĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂŶĚŚĞůĚĂĐĐŽƵŶƚĂďůĞĨŽƌƚŚŽƐĞĂĐƟŽŶƐ͘

dZ/ƌĞĂůŝƐĞƐƚŚĂƚƐƵĐŚĂĐŚĂŶŐĞŝŶƚŚĞŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞƐLJƐƚĞŵŝƐĂĐŽŵƉůĞdžĂŶĚƟŵĞĐŽŶƐƵŵŝŶŐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘/ƚ ŵĂLJĂůƐŽŶŽƚďĞƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŽďƌŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚĂůůƚŚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞƐŝŶŽŶĞŐŽĂŶĚƚŽƚŚŝƐĞŶĚĂŶŝŶĐƌĞŵĞŶƚĂůĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ŝƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ͘dŚĞƉƌŝŵĂƌLJŽďũĞĐƟǀĞŽĨƚŚŝƐƐƚƵĚLJŝƐƚŽƐŚŽǁĐĂƐĞƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŽĨďƌŝŶŐŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJ ĐŚĂŶŐĞƐŝŶŽƵƌƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐĂŶĚĂƚůĞĂƐƚŝŶŝƟĂƚĞƚŚŝƐƉĂƌĂĚŝŐŵƐŚŝŌ͘dŚĞƐƚƵĚLJŚĂƐŚĞůƉĞĚƵƐƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨLJƚŚĞƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ǁŝŶĚŽǁŽĨŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚLJƚŽďƌŝŶŐŝŶĐůŝŵĂƚĞƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƵƌďĂŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘

dŚĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ Ă ĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚLJ ƌĞƉŽƌƚͶƚŚĞ ŐĞŽͲŚLJĚƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƌĞƉŽƌƚ ŽĨ 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌͶĂŵŽŶŐŽƚŚĞƌƐ͘/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕''ƐŚĂƌĞĚƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƌĞƉŽƌƚƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚďLJ/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĨŽƌ ^ŽĐŝĂůĂŶĚŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůdƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶ;/^dͿ͕h^͘ƌĞǀŝĞǁŽĨƚŚĞƐĂŵĞǁĂƐĐĂƌƌŝĞĚŽƵƚďLJƚŚĞĐůŝŵĂƚĞŵŽĚĞůůŝŶŐ ƚĞĂŵĂƚdZ/ƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞŝŵƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨĐůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞŽŶƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͘sĂƌŝŽƵƐƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐŽŶƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞǁĞƌĞƚĂŬĞŶƵƉǁŝƚŚ''ĂŶĚ/^dĂŶĚĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĐůĂƌŝĮĐĂƟŽŶƐǁĞƌĞƐŽƵŐŚƚ͘dŚĞƚĞĂŵŵĂĚĞĂƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ƚŽƚŚĞŝǀŝƐŝŽŶĂůŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĞƌŽĨ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌĂƚŚŝƐŽĸĐĞŽŶϭϭ:ĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϮĂŶĚƐŽƵŐŚƚŚŝƐƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚLJ͘ŶĂĚǀŝƐŽƌLJǁĂƐƚŚĞŶƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚƚŽĂůůƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐĂƚƚŚĞĐŝƚLJůĞǀĞůƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚdZ/͛ƐƐƚƵĚLJ ĂŶĚĂŶŽĚĂůƉĞƌƐŽŶǁĂƐĂƉƉŽŝŶƚĞĚƚŽĂƐƐŝƐƚǀĂƌŝŽƵƐĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞĐŝƚLJĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞĐŽƵƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJ͘

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dŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐƚŽŽŬĐůŽƐĞƚŽĞŝŐŚƚŵŽŶƚŚƐƚŽĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĂůƌŽƵŶĚƐŽĨĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶǁŝƚŚŬĞLJ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐŝŶƚŚĞĐŝƚLJƚŽŵĂŬĞŝƚĂƌĞŝƚĞƌĂƟǀĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐǁŚĞƌĞŝŶŝƚǁĂƐŵĂĚĞƐƵƌĞƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĐŽŶĐĞƌŶƐ͕ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ͕ ĂŶĚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞĐŝƚLJƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐǁĞƌĞǁĞůůĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞĚ͘dŚŝƐǁĂƐƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶŝŶͲĚĞƉƚŚĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ŽĨƚŚĞƌĞŐƵůĂƚŽƌLJͲŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂůƐĞƚƵƉĂƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌĐŝƚLJĂƐǁĞůůĂƐ͕ĂƚƚŚĞůĞǀĞůŽĨƚŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞŽĨhƩĂƌ WƌĂĚĞƐŚ͘&ŝŶĂůƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐǁĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚĂƚĂĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶĐŚĂŝƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞŝǀŝƐŝŽŶĂůŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĞƌ ŽĨ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ͕ŝŶƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĞƌĂŶĚĂůůĐŝƚLJŽĸĐŝĂůƐĂŶĚĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƐǁĞƌĞ ŚĞůĚŽŶdZ/͛ƐƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ͘>ĂƚĞƌ͕dZ/ƐƵďŵŝƩĞĚ͚ĐƟŽŶWŽŝŶƚƐ͛ƚŽƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝƐďĞŝŶŐƉƵƌƐƵĞĚĨŽƌ ĂĚŽƉƟŽŶďLJƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͘^ƚĂƚĞ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŝƐĂůƐŽďĞŝŶŐƉůĂŶŶĞĚĂŶĚƉƌĞůŝŵŝŶĂƌLJĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞhƌďĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ͕hƩĂƌWƌĂĚĞƐŚŚĂƐďĞĞŶĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚ͘

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ĞĂƌĞŐƌĂƚĞĨƵůƚŽdŚĞZŽĐŬĞĨĞůůĞƌ&ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶĨŽƌŐƌĂŶƟŶŐƚŚŝƐƐƚƵĚLJƚŽdZ/͘tĞĂƌĞƚŚĂŶŬĨƵůƚŽ

ƌƌŝƐƟŶĂZƵŵďŝĂƟƐĞůZŝŽĨŽƌŚĞƌĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŽdZ/ĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞĐŽƵƌƐĞŽĨ ƚŚŝƐƐƚƵĚLJ͘ƐƉĞĐŝĂůŵĞŶƟŽŶƚŽDƌ^ŚŝƌĂnjtĂũŝŚ͕ĂŶĚŚŝƐĐŽůůĞĂŐƵĞƐĂƚƚŚĞ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĐƟŽŶ'ƌŽƵƉ͕ǁŚŽĞdžƚĞŶĚĞĚĂůůƚŚĞŚĞůƉĂŶĚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƚŽdZ/ƚŽƚĂŬĞƵƉƚŚĞƚĂƐŬŽĨŵĂŝŶƐƚƌĞĂŵŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ͘tĞĂƌĞƚŚĂŶŬĨƵůƚŽDƌ<ZĂǀŝŶĚƌĂEĂŝŬ͕ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶĂůŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĞƌ͕'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌĨŽƌƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJĂŶĚƐƚĞĞƌŝŶŐŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĂŶĚƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĐŝƚLJŽĸĐŝĂůƐĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞĐŽƵƌƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJ͘tĞĂƌĞ ĂůƐŽƚŚĂŶŬĨƵůƚŽǀĂƌŝŽƵƐƉŽůŝĐLJͲŵĂŬĞƌƐĂŶĚĐŝƚLJŽĸĐŝĂůƐǁŚŽǁĞƌĞĐŽŶƐƵůƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJĨŽƌƚŚĞŝƌǀĂůƵĂďůĞ ŝŶƉƵƚƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƐŝŐŚƚƐ͘ dZ/ ĞdžƚĞŶĚƐ ŝƚƐ ŐƌĂƟƚƵĚĞ ƚŽ Ăůů ƚŚĞ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶ ŽŵŵŝƩĞĞ ĨŽƌŵĞĚ ǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƉƌŽũĞĐƚĨŽƌƚŚĞŝƌƟŵĞ͕ŝŶƉƵƚƐ͕ĂŶĚĞdžƉĞƌƚĂĚǀŝĐĞƚŽŵĂŬĞƚŚŝƐƐƚƵĚLJƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůĂŶĚŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂďůĞĨŽƌ ƚŚĞĐŝƚLJĂŶĚƚŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ͘

KƵƌƐŝŶĐĞƌĞƚŚĂŶŬƐƚŽƌsŝŶŽĚdĞǁĂƌŝ͕WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ͕dZ/hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJĂŶĚĚǀŝƐŽƌ͕ĞŶƚƌĞĨŽƌZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĨŽƌ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ hƌďĂŶ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͕ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ,ĂďŝƚĂƚ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ dZ/ ĨŽƌ ŚŝƐ ŝŶƉƵƚƐ͕ ĂĚǀŝĐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ŐƵŝĚĂŶĐĞ ĂƐ Ă ƌĞǀŝĞǁĞƌ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͘ dŚŝƐ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ŚĂƐ ďĞŶĞĮƩĞĚ ŝŵŵĞŶƐĞůLJ ďLJ ŝŶƉƵƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ DƐDŝůŝDĂũƵŵĚĂƌ͕ŝƌĞĐƚŽƌ͕^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ,ĂďŝƚĂƚŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚDƐ^ƵƌƵĐŚŝŚĂĚǁĂů͕ƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞŝƌĞĐƚŽƌ͕ĂƌƚŚ ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞƐĂŶĚůŝŵĂƚĞŚĂŶŐĞŝǀŝƐŝŽŶĂƚdZ/͘&ŝŶĂůůLJ͕ŵĂŶLJƚŚĂŶŬƐƚŽĂůůƚŚĞƚĞĂŵŵĞŵďĞƌƐĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚ ƚŚŝƐƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͘

projeCt teaM

ƌŝǀLJĂ^ŚĂƌŵĂ

DƐŝǀLJĂDŽŚĂŶ

ƌ,ŝŶĂŝĂ

DƐZĂŝŶĂ^ŝŶŐŚ

DƐZŝƐŚƵEŝŐĂŵ

Dƌ^ĂƵƌĂĂƌĂĚǁĂũ

DƐ^ƌĞĞũĂEĂŝƌ

T

ŚĞƐƚƵĚLJŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚĂĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƌĞǀŝĞǁŽĨƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐĂƉƉůŝĐĂďůĞƚŽƚŚĞĐŝƚLJŽĨ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ ĂŶĚƚŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞŽĨhƩĂƌWƌĂĚĞƐŚǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞĐŝƚLJŝƐ ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ͘dŚĞŽďũĞĐƟǀĞǁĂƐƚŽĨŽƌĞƐĞĞƚŚĞĞŶƚƌLJƉŽŝŶƚƐ ĨŽƌŵĂŝŶƐƚƌĞĂŵŝŶŐƚŚĞ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ͘ dZ/ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ͚ǁĂƚĞƌůŽŐŐŝŶŐ͛ĂƐƚŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ƌŝƐŬ ƚŽ ĐŝƚLJ ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĞĚŝĐƚĞĚ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ĂŶĚ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ĮǀĞ ƉƌŝŵĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌƐ ĨŽƌ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐ ƚŚŝƐ ƌŝƐŬ͗ ĂƐŝĐ ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ;ĚƌŝŶŬŝŶŐ ǁĂƚĞƌ͕ ĚƌĂŝŶĂŐĞĂŶĚƐĞǁĞƌĂŐĞ͕ƐŽůŝĚǁĂƐƚĞͿ͕,ŽƵƐŝŶŐ͕hƌďĂŶ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ ,ĞĂůƚŚ ĂŶĚ ĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ &ůŽŽĚDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘dŚĞ/ŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂůŶĂůLJƐŝƐƐĞĐƟŽŶ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐƚŚĞĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ĨŽƌƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƐĞĐƚŽƌƐĂƚƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂů͕ƐƚĂƚĞ͕ĐŝƚLJ͕ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚůĞǀĞů͘

dŚĞ ^ĞĐƚŽƌŝĂů ŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ƐĞĐƟŽŶ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ƚŚĞ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚƐƚĂƚƵƐĂŶĚƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJĂĐƟŽŶƉŽŝŶƚƐĨŽƌďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ĞĂĐŚ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚLJ ĨŽƌ ĂŶƟĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ͕ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚ ďLJ ĂŶ ĞŶĂďůŝŶŐ ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵ͕ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐĂŶĚƌĞŐƵůĂƚŽƌLJ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ;ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ͕ ĐƚƐͿ͘ dŚĞ ŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ tĂLJ &ŽƌǁĂƌĚƐĞĐƟŽŶŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚƐƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ ůŝŬĞ͚ƉŽůŝƟĐĂůĞĐŽŶŽŵLJŽĨĐŝƟĞƐ͛ĂŶĚ͚ĚĞĐĞŶƚƌĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶ͛͘ /ŶƚŚĞĞŶĚ͕ƚŚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚŝŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞĂĐƟŽŶƉŽŝŶƚƐĨŽƌ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌĐŝƚLJŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶƐƵŵŵĂƌŝnjĞĚ͘KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŬĞLJƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ϳϰƚŚ ŽŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂů ŵĞŶĚŵĞŶƚĐƚ;ͿƚŽŐŝǀĞĂůĞŐĂůďĂĐŬŝŶŐƚŽǁĂƌĚ ůĞǀĞůƉůĂŶƐ͘dZ/ĂůƐŽƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚƐŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐĂĐŚĂƉƚĞƌ ŽŶĐůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŝŶƚŚĞDĂƐƚĞƌWůĂŶŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚLJ͘ dZ/ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞƐ͗ ĂƉĂĐŝƚLJ͕ ĐĐŽƵŶƚĂďŝůŝƚLJ͕ ŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚĸĐŝĞŶĐLJŽĨ/ŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ͕ĂƐĂƌĞĂƐ ƌĞƋƵŝƌŝŶŐ ĨŽƌĞŵŽƐƚ ĂƩĞŶƟŽŶ ƚŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶƚ ƵƌďĂŶ ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͘ ĂƉĂĐŝƚLJ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƚĞĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͕ƵƌďĂŶ

exeCUtive sUMMary

and key Messages

ůŽĐĂů ďŽĚŝĞƐ ;h>ƐͿ ĂŶĚ ůŽĐĂů ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ĐĂŶ ƉůĂLJ Ă ŵĂũŽƌ ƌŽůĞ ŝŶ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ͘ &Žƌ ŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞ͕ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŚĞĂůƚŚƐĞƚͲƵƉƐ ŝŶƚŚĞĐŝƚLJďLJĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚŽĨƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŶƉŽǁĞƌ ĐĂŶ ŚĞůƉ ŝŶ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ĂŶ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞ ƉƵďůŝĐŚĞĂůƚŚƐƵƌǀĞŝůůĂŶĐĞƐLJƐƚĞŵ͘

ŶŽƚŚĞƌƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶŝƐƚŽƌĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŚĞĚƌĂŝŶĂŐĞ ;ƐƚŽƌŵ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĚƌĂŝŶĂŐĞͿ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ƐĂŶĐƟŽŶĞĚ ƵŶĚĞƌ h/^^Dd ƚŽ ĂůůŽǁ ĨŽƌ ĚŝƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ƉŽŝŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŚĂŶŶĞůƐ ƚŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ĚŝƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƐƚŽƌŵ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĚƌĂŝŶƐ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞůLJ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŶĞǁ ƐĞǁĞƌ ĚƌĂŝŶƐ ĂƐ ĂŶĚǁŚĞŶƚŚĞLJĂƌĞƐĂŶĐƟŽŶĞĚ͘džƉůŽƌŝŶŐƚŚĞŽƉƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĚĞĐĞŶƚƌĂůŝnjĞĚ ƐŽůŝĚ ǁĂƐƚĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ŚĂƐ ĂůƐŽ ďĞĞŶ ƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚ͘ dŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ /d ĨŽƌ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶŝŶŐ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƐLJƐƚĞŵƐŚĂƐďĞĞŶŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚĞĚ͘ KŶ ƚŚĞƐĞ ůŝŶĞƐ͕ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĚƌŝŶŬŝŶŐ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƐĞĐƟŽŶ͕ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŝŶŐ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ĐŚĂŶŶĞůƐ ĨŽƌ ĚĂƚĂ ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƉŽƌƟŶŐ ŽŶ ĚƌŝŶŬŝŶŐ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ƐƵŐŐĞƐƚĞĚ͘tŝƚŚƌĞŐĂƌĚƚŽƚŚĞŝƐƐƵĞŽĨƵƌďĂŶƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ůĂŶĚͲƵƐĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ͕ ŵĂƉƉŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞŵĂƌĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŐƌĞĞŶĂƌĞĂƐĂŶĚǁĂƚĞƌďŽĚŝĞƐŝŶƚŚĞĐŝƚLJƚŽƌĞŐƵůĂƚĞ ĞŶĐƌŽĂĐŚŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƌĞĐůĂŵĂƟŽŶŚĂƐďĞĞŶƐƵŐŐĞƐƚĞĚ͘

dZ/ĨĞĞůƐƚŚĂƚƉƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞ &ůŽŽĚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ WůĂŶ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ĨŽƌ WƌĞƉĂƌĞĚŶĞƐƐ͕ ZĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ͕ ZĞůŝĞĨ͕ ĂŶĚ ZĞĐŽǀĞƌLJ͕ ĐĂŶŐŽĂůŽŶŐǁĂLJŝŶĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚƌŝƐŬŽĨ ǁĂƚĞƌůŽŐŐŝŶŐĚƵĞƚŽĐůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘/ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ hƌďĂŶ ƌĂŝŶĂŐĞ ^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ;^h^Ϳ ŝŶ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůĂƌĞĂƐĐŽƵůĚĨƵƌƚŚĞƌŚĞůƉŝŶƚŚŝƐĂƐƉĞĐƚ͘

dŚŝƐ ƌĞƉŽƌƚ͕ ƚŚƵƐ͕ ƉƌĞĚŝĐƚƐ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƚLJ ŽĨ 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌĐŝƚLJďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐĂƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĐŝƚLJŝŶƚĞƌŵƐŽĨ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂƌŽďƵƐƚƉůĂŶƚŽĐůŝŵĂƚĞƉƌŽŽĨŝƚƐƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͘/ƚ ĐĂŶďĞƵƐĞĚĂƐĂŵŽĚĞůĨŽƌďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŝŶŽƚŚĞƌ ĐŝƟĞƐĂƐǁĞůů͘

1. Introduction

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ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌŝƐŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞĨĂƐƚĞƐƚŐƌŽǁŝŶŐƵƌďĂŶ

ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐŝŶhƩĂƌWƌĂĚĞƐŚ;hWͿ͕ůŽĐĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ dĞƌĂŝďĞůƚŽĨĞĂƐƚĞƌŶhW͘dŚĞĐŝƚLJŝƐϭϰϳƐƋ͘Ŭŵ

Map 1 Gorakhpur City

ŝŶĂƌĞĂĂŶĚĚŝǀŝĚĞĚŝŶƚŽϳϬĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞǁĂƌĚƐ͘dŚĞ ƚŽƉŽŐƌĂƉŚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐŝƚLJŝƐůĂƌŐĞůLJƉůĂŝŶǁŝƚŚĂŵĂƌŐŝŶĂů ƐůŽƉĞ ĨƌŽŵ EŽƌƚŚ ƚŽ ^ŽƵƚŚ͘ dŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ŵĂŶLJ ǁĂƚĞƌ ďŽĚŝĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚLJ͕ ƚŚĞ ZĂŵŐĂƌŚ dĂů ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ďŝŐŐĞƐƚ͕ ƐŝƚƵĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƐŽƵƚŚĞĂƐƚƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͘

Mainstreaming Climate Resilience in Urban Areas

2

dŚĞĐŝƚLJŝƐŐƌĂƉƉůŝŶŐǁŝƚŚŝŶƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐĂŶĚďĂƐŝĐƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶĚƵĞƚŽƚƌĞŵĞŶĚŽƵƐ ƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞĨƌŽŵŝŶŇƵdžŽĨƌƵƌĂůƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͘dŚŝƐ ŚĂƐůĞĚƚŽƉƌŽůŝĨĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƐůƵŵƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĂďŽƵƚ ϭϭϬƐůƵŵƐŝŶƚŚĞĐŝƚLJĂĐĐŽŵŵŽĚĂƟŶŐϯϯƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚŽƚĂů ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ ;'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚͿ͘ dŚĞ ĐŝƚLJ ŝƐ ĂůƌĞĂĚLJ ĨĂĐŝŶŐ ƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ ŽĨ ŇŽŽĚŝŶŐ͕ ǁĂƚĞƌ ůŽŐŐŝŶŐ͕ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞƐ͕ ƉŽǁĞƌƐŚŽƌƚĂŐĞ͕ƉŽŽƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJŽĨǁĂƚĞƌ͕ĂŶĚŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ ŝŶĐŝĚĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ǁĂƚĞƌͲ ĂŶĚ ǀĞĐƚŽƌͲďŽƌŶĞ ĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƐ͘ ůů ƚŚĞƐĞƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞƐĂƌĞůŝŬĞůLJƚŽďĞĂŐŐƌĂǀĂƚĞĚďLJƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ǁĞƌĞ ĂŶĂůLJƐĞĚ ǁŚŝůĞ ƉƌĞƉĂƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJĨŽƌ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ͘

ĞƐƉŝƚĞĂůůƚŚĞĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ͕'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌƐƟůůƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐĂŶĚŚĂƐƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƚŽďĞĐŽŵĞ Ă ƉŝŽŶĞĞƌ ĐŝƚLJ ŝŶ ƚĞƌŵƐ ŽĨ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ Ă ƌŽďƵƐƚ ƉůĂŶ ƚŽ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞƉƌŽŽĨƚŚĞĐŝƚLJĂŶĚŝƚƐƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͘DĂŝŶƐƚƌĞĂŵŝŶŐ ƐŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ;ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚĂƐƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞZEƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞͿ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚ ƌŝƐŬ ĂŶĚ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚLJ ĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ ǁŽƵůĚ ĂůůŽǁ ƌĞŐƵůĂƌŝnjŝŶŐ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐŝŶĐŝƚLJƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐĂŶĚŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚĚĞƐŝŐŶƐ͕ ƚŚƵƐ͕ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŽĨƵƌďĂŶƐLJƐƚĞŵƐĨŽƌĂůŽŶŐĞƌ ƉĞƌŝŽĚŽĨƟŵĞ͘dŚŝƐǁŝůůĂůƐŽĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞƉƵƫŶŐŝŶƉůĂĐĞ ƚŚĞŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂůƌĞŐƵůĂƚŽƌLJƐLJƐƚĞŵŶĞĞĚĞĚƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞŝŶĐŝƟĞƐ͘

1.1 Objectives

dŚĞ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞ ǁĂƐ ƚŽ ĨŽƌĞƐĞĞ ƚŚĞ ĞŶƚƌLJ ƉŽŝŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ŵĂŝŶƐƚƌĞĂŵŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ ZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĂƐ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ďLJ 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ĐƟŽŶ 'ƌŽƵƉ ;''Ϳ ŝŶ WŚĂƐĞ / ĂŶĚ // ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ZEƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ;ǁŝƚŚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĨƌŽŵZŽĐŬĞĨĞůůĞƌ &ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ͕/^d͕ĂŶĚŶĂƟŽŶĂůƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐƚŽZEŝŶ /ŶĚŝĂͶdZhĂŶĚdZ/Ϳ͘

1.2 Study Approach

dZ/ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ͚ǁĂƚĞƌůŽŐŐŝŶŐ͛ĂƐƚŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶƚ ƌŝƐŬ ƚŽ ĐŝƚLJ ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĞĚŝĐƚĞĚ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘/ƚƚŚĞŶƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚĂŶŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ ĂŶĚ Ă ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ƌĞŐƵůĂƚŽƌLJ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ;ƚĂŬŝŶŐŝŶƚŽĂĐĐŽƵŶƚĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐƐƵŐŐĞƐƚĞĚ ďLJ''ͿƚŚĂƚƌĞŝŶĨŽƌĐĞĚƚŚĞƐĞƐĞĐƚŽƌƐƚŽǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ďĞĐŽŵĞ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶƚ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ĂŶLJ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ͘ dŚĞ ƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ ĚƌĂǁ ĨƌŽŵ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌ ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶƐ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚLJǁŝƚŚĐŝƚLJŽĸĐŝĂůƐ͘

dŚĞŬĞLJƐĞĐƚŽƌƐƌĞƋƵŝƌŝŶŐĂĐƟŽŶƐƚŽďƵŝůĚƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ǁĞƌĞ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ĂƐ͗ ^ŽůŝĚ tĂƐƚĞ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͖ ƌĂŝŶĂŐĞ ĂŶĚ ^ĞǁĞƌĂŐĞ ^LJƐƚĞŵ͖ ƌŝŶŬŝŶŐ tĂƚĞƌ͖ ĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ &ůŽŽĚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͖ WƵďůŝĐ,ĞĂůƚŚ͖hƌďĂŶWůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͖ĂŶĚŶĞƌŐLJ͘

Basic services (water, drainage, solid waste management,

and services to poor) Ecosystem

conservation and flood management

Housing and urban planning Water logging

Energy Health

2. Institutional Analysis

T

ŚŝƐ ƐĞĐƟŽŶ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĞ ŽǀĞƌĂůů ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂů

ƐĞƚͲƵƉ ƚŚĂƚ ĚƌŝǀĞƐ ƵƌďĂŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƟĞƐ ŝŶ /ŶĚŝĂ͘ dŚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌƐ ĂƌĞ ĚŝǀŝĚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƵƌďĂŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĨŽƌ ĞĂƐĞŽĨƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ͘dŚĞƐĞĐƟŽŶĂůƐŽƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐƚŚĞ ĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚŝŶŐŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐĨŽƌhƩĂƌWƌĂĚĞƐŚƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚ ĨŽƌ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌĐŝƚLJ͘

2.1 Urban Planning

National level framework

dŚĞĨƵŶĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐĨĂůůƐŝŶƚŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞ >ŝƐƚŽĨƚŚĞŽŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂ͘dŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨhƌďĂŶ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ;DŽhͿ ŝƐ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ĨŽƌ ĨŽƌŵƵůĂƟŶŐ ŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚĞĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐŽĨ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐŶŽĚĂůĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽƵƌďĂŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͘ dŚĞ dŽǁŶ ĂŶĚ ŽƵŶƚƌLJ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ KƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ;dWKͿĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐĂƐƚŚĞƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůǁŝŶŐŽĨ DŽhĨŽƌƵƌďĂŶƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐĂŶĚƌĞůĂƚĞĚĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͘

dŚĞ hƌďĂŶ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ WůĂŶ &ŽƌŵƵůĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ/ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ;hW&/Ϳ'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐĐĂŶďĞƵƐĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ h> Žƌ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ ĨŽƌ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ Ăƚ ĐŝƚLJͬnjŽŶĂůͬ ŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŚŽŽĚ ůĞǀĞů͘ dŚĞ :ĂǁĂŚĂƌůĂů EĞŚƌƵ EĂƟŽŶĂů hƌďĂŶ ZĞŶĞǁĂů DŝƐƐŝŽŶ ;:ŶEhZDͿ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĮŶĂŶĐŝĂůĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƚŽƚŚĞĐŝƟĞƐƵŶĚĞƌƚǁŽ ďĂƐŝĐ ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ͗ ;ĂͿ ĂƐŝĐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƚŽ ƵƌďĂŶ ƉŽŽƌ ;ďͿ hƌďĂŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ͘ hŶĚĞƌ ƚŚŝƐ͕ ŝƚLJ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ WůĂŶƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚĨŽƌϲϱƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚĐŝƟĞƐ͘1

dŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂů DŝƐƐŝŽŶ ŽŶ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ,ĂďŝƚĂƚ ;ED^,Ϳ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂů ĐƟŽŶ WůĂŶ ŽŶ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ;EWͿĨŽĐƵƐƐĞƐŽŶƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐĨŽƌƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ƵƌďĂŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͕ŐŝǀĞŶƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞ ƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚŝŵƉĂĐƚƐĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚĐůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘

State level framework

dŚĞƐƚĂƚĞůŝŶĞĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚĨŽƌƵƌďĂŶƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐŝŶhWŝƐ ƚŚĞdŽǁŶĂŶĚŽƵŶƚƌLJWůĂŶŶŝŶŐĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ;dWͿ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚĐŽŵĞƐƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞ,ŽƵƐŝŶŐĂŶĚhƌďĂŶWůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ;,hWͿŽĨ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨhW͘dŚĞŽƚŚĞƌ ůŝŶĞĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐƵŶĚĞƌ,hWĂƌĞ,ŽƵƐŝŶŐĂŶĚhƌďĂŶ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ hW ,ŽƵƐŝŶŐ ŽĂƌĚ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂƌĞ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ĨŽƌ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƵƌďĂŶ ĂƌĞĂƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞ͘ dŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂƌĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞĨŽƌDĂƐƚĞƌͬĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƉůĂŶĨŽƌŵƵůĂƟŽŶ;ǁŝƚŚĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞĨƌŽŵdWͿĂŶĚŝƚƐ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞ^ƉĞĐŝĂůƌĞĂĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐ ;^ƐͿ ŝŶ ĐĂƐĞ ŽĨ ĚĞůŝŶĞĂƚĞĚ ͚^ƉĞĐŝĂů ƌĞĂƐ͛ ĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĚ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ hW ^ƉĞĐŝĂů ƌĞĂ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐ Đƚ͕ ϭϵϴϲ͘ dŚĞ ƉŽǁĞƌƐ ĂŶĚĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐĂƌĞƐĂŵĞĂƐƚŚĂƚŽĨƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞLJĂůƐŽƌĞƉŽƌƚƚŽƚŚĞƐƚĂƚĞ,hW͘

Gorakhpur city

dŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůLJ ƚǁŽ ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ ŝŶ 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ ůŽŽŬŝŶŐ ĂŌĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚͶ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ ;'Ϳ ĂŶĚ 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ /ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂů ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ ;'/Ϳ͘ dŚĞ ' ŝƐ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ĨŽƌ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ DĂƐƚĞƌ WůĂŶ2͕ njŽŶĂů ĂŶĚ ůĂLJŽƵƚ

1 ZĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽĐŽŵƉůLJǁŝƚŚĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƵƌďĂŶƐĞĐƚŽƌƌĞĨŽƌŵƐƚĂƌŐĞƟŶŐĞĸĐŝĞŶĐLJĞŶŚĂŶĐĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘

2 WƌĞƉĂƌĞĚĨŽƌĂƉĞƌŝŽĚŽĨϮϬLJĞĂƌƐ͕ƚŚĞ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌDĂƐƚĞƌWůĂŶϮϬϮϭŽƵƚůŝŶĞƐƚŚĞůĂŶĚƵƐĞĂŶĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂƌĞĂ͘ƐƉĞƌƚŚĞϳϰƚŚ͕ƚŚĞŵĂƐƚĞƌƉůĂŶĂŶĚǁĂƌĚůĞǀĞůƉůĂŶƐŶĞĞĚƚŽďĞƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚďLJƚŚĞh>ǁŝƚŚĂƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌLJĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ;ŶŽƚLJĞƚŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚͿ

institUtional

analysis

Mainstreaming Climate Resilience in Urban Areas

4

ƉůĂŶƐĨŽƌƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͕ǁŝƚŚĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞdW͘' ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŝŶ ŝƚƐ ĐŽůŽŶŝĞƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ůŝŵŝƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĂůƐŽ ŝŶ ƉĞƌŝͲƵƌďĂŶ ĂƌĞĂƐ ;ĂƌĞĂƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĚŽ ŶŽƚ ĨĂůů ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ DƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŽŶ͛ƐũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶͿ͘dŚĞĐŽůŽŶŝĞƐĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚďLJ ƚŚĞ'͕ƚŚĂƚĨĂůůǁŝƚŚŝŶŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůůŝŵŝƚƐ͕ŚĂǀĞƚŽďĞ ŚĂŶĚĞĚŽǀĞƌƚŽƚŚĞ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŽŶ ;'DͿ ĨŽƌ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ĂŌĞƌ Ă ƐƟƉƵůĂƚĞĚ ƉĞƌŝŽĚ ŽĨ ƟŵĞ͘'/ŚĂƐƐŝŵŝůĂƌƉŽǁĞƌƐĂŶĚĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐĂƐ' ŝŶŝƚƐũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶ͘

2.2 Housing

National level framework

ƐƉĞƌƚŚĞĨĞĚĞƌĂůƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŽĨŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂ͕ ŵĂƩĞƌƐ ƉĞƌƚĂŝŶŝŶŐ ƚŽ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ĂƐƐŝŐŶĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ^ƚĂƚĞ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐ͘ dŚĞ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ ,ŽƵƐŝŶŐ ĂŶĚhƌďĂŶWŽǀĞƌƚLJůůĞǀŝĂƟŽŶ;DŽ,hWͿŝƐƚŚĞĂƉĞdž ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ ƚŽ ĨŽƌŵƵůĂƚĞ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ůĞǀĞů ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ͘ dŚĞ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŚĂƐĨŽƌŵƵůĂƚĞĚƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůhƌďĂŶ,ŽƵƐŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ,ĂďŝƚĂƚ WŽůŝĐLJ ϮϬϬϳ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂŝŵƐ Ăƚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ ĞƋƵŝƚĂďůĞĂŶĚĂīŽƌĚĂďůĞ ĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽůĂŶĚ ĂŶĚƐŚĞůƚĞƌ ƚŽƚŚĞƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͕ǁŝƚŚĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟǀĞĂĐƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĚŝǀĞƌƐĞ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͘ DŽ,hW ŝƐ ĂůƐŽ ƚŚĞ ŶŽĚĂůDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJĨŽƌŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚ ŽŶ ĂƐŝĐ ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƚŽ hƌďĂŶ WŽŽƌ ;^hWͿ ƵŶĚĞƌ :ŶEhZDĂŶĚƚŚĞZĂũŝǀǁĂƐzŽũĂŶĂ;ZzͿ͕ĂƐĐŚĞŵĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚĂƌŐĞƚƐ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ůŽǁͲĐŽƐƚ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƵƌďĂŶƉŽŽƌ͘

State level framework

,ŽƵƐŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ hƌďĂŶ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŝƐ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞĨŽƌƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ǁŚĞƌĞĂƐŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨ ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐƐĐŚĞŵĞƐŝƐĚŽŶĞďLJƚŚĞhW,ŽƵƐŝŶŐŽĂƌĚ͕ ĂůƐŽ ŬŶŽǁŶ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ǀĂƐ sŝŬĂƐ WĂƌŝƐŚĂĚ ĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĚ ƵŶĚĞƌhWǀĂƐǀĂŵsŝŬĂƐWĂƌŝƐŚĂĚĚŚŝŶŝLJĂŵ͕ϭϵϲϱ͘ ƉĂƌƚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚŝƐ͕ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐ͕ ^Ɛ͕ ĂŶĚŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĐĂƌƌLJŽƵƚƚŚĞ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶŽĨŚŽƵƐŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞŝƌƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶƐ͘

Gorakhpur city

dŚĞǀĂƐsŝŬĂƐWĂƌŝƐŚĂĚŚĂƐŝƚƐŚŽƵƐŝŶŐƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞ ĐŝƚLJ͘'ĂŶĚ'/ĂƌĞĐĂƌƌLJŝŶŐŽƵƚƚŚĞĨƵŶĐƟŽŶŽĨ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨŚŽƵƐŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞŝƌƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞĂƌĞĂƐŽĨ ũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶ͘

2.3 Water Supply and Sanitation

National level framework

ƚ ƚŚĞ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ůĞǀĞů͕ DŽh ĂŶĚ DŽ,hW ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ŬĞLJ ŵŝŶŝƐƚƌŝĞƐ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ ĨŽƌ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƐƵƉƉůLJ ĂŶĚ ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂůhƌďĂŶ^ĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶWŽůŝĐLJ;Eh^WͿ͕ǁŚŝĐŚĂŝŵƐĂƚ ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵŝŶŐƚŽǁŶƐĂŶĚĐŝƟĞƐŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂŝŶƚŽϭϬϬƉĞƌĐĞŶƚ ƐĂŶŝƟnjĞĚ͕ŚĞĂůƚŚLJƐƉĂĐĞƐ͕ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐƉƵďůŝĐŚĞĂůƚŚ͕ĂŶĚ ĐůĞĂŶ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ǁĂƐ ůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚ ďLJ DŽh ŝŶ ϮϬϬϴ͘ dŚĞDŽhŚĂƐ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŝnjĞĚ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ>ĞǀĞůĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬƐ ;^^>ƐͿ ĨŽƌ ďĞŶĐŚŵĂƌŬŝŶŐ ĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌƐ ĨŽƌ ŬĞLJ ƵƌďĂŶƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐǁĂƚĞƌƐƵƉƉůLJ͕ƐĞǁĞƌĂŐĞ͕ƐƚŽƌŵͲ ǁĂƚĞƌĚƌĂŝŶĂŐĞ͕ĂŶĚƐŽůŝĚǁĂƐƚĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘

State level framework

ƚƚŚĞƐƚĂƚĞůĞǀĞů͕hW:ĂůEŝŐĂŵŝƐƚŚĞŶŽĚĂůĂŐĞŶĐLJĨŽƌ ǁĂƚĞƌƐƵƉƉůLJĂŶĚƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞhƩĂƌWƌĂĚĞƐŚ tĂƚĞƌ^ƵƉƉůLJĂŶĚ^ĞǁĞƌĂŐĞĐƚ͕ϭϵϳϱ͘

Gorakhpur city

ƚƚŚĞĐŝƚLJůĞǀĞů͕hW:ĂůEŝŐĂŵŝƐƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞĨŽƌĚĞƐŝŐŶ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƐƵƉƉůLJ͕ ƐĞǁĞƌĂŐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ĚƌĂŝŶĂŐĞ ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚƉůĂŶƚƐ͘dŚĞ'DůŽŽŬƐĂŌĞƌƚŚĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ůŝŵŝƚƐ͘dŚĞ:Ăů<ĂůsŝďŚĂŐŽĨƚŚĞ'DĚŽĞƐƚŚĞƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨǁĂƚĞƌƐƵƉƉůLJŝŶƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͕ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂůŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞĂŶĚƚĂƌŝīĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ͘dŚĞ,ĞĂůƚŚ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞ'DŝƐŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚŝŶƉĞƌŝŽĚŝĐĐůĞĂŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐĞǁĞƌƐͬĚƌĂŝŶƐ͘ ƉĂƌƚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚŝƐ͕ ƚŚĞ 'D ŝƐ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞĨŽƌĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶĂŶĚKΘDŽĨĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ƚŽŝůĞƚƐŝŶƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͕ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJŝŶƚŚĞƐůƵŵĂƌĞĂƐ͘

' ĂŶĚ '/ ĂƌĞ ƐƵƉƉŽƐĞĚ ƚŽ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƐƵƉƉůLJĂŶĚƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶƐLJƐƚĞŵƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞŝƌũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚƚŚĞŶŚĂŶĚŽǀĞƌƚŚĞĐŽůŽŶŝĞƐƚŽƚŚĞ'DĨŽƌKΘD ;ĨŽƌ ĐŽůŽŶŝĞƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ 'D ůŝŵŝƚƐͿ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƚŚŝƐ ŚĂƐ ŶŽƚ ŚĂƉƉĞŶĞĚ ŝŶ ŵŽƐƚ ĐĂƐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ĂĚͲŚŽĐ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƐƵƉƉůLJͬƐĞǁĞƌĂŐĞͬĚƌĂŝŶĂŐĞ Ăƚ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ͘ƉĂƌƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĂďŽǀĞŵĞŶƟŽŶĞĚŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ͕ ƚŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞhƌďĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ;^hͿŝƐƚŚĞ ŶŽĚĂůĂŐĞŶĐLJĨŽƌƐƚĞĞƌŝŶŐƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ;^ĞĞdĂďůĞ ϭͿ͘dŚĞŝƐƚƌŝĐƚhƌďĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐ;hͿ ŚĂƐďĞĞŶĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĚƚŽŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚƚŚĞƐĞƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ͘

Institutional Analysis

Table 1 Institutional setup

Institution/ department Functions Supporting /enabling regulatory framework Level Urban Planning and Management

Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), GoI

Entrusted with activities related to urban development, it is responsible for formulating national level policies, supporting and monitoring programmes, and coordinating the activities of various Central ministries, State governments, and other nodal authorities relating to urban development issues in the country.

Model Town and Country Planning Act 1960 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban renewal Mission (JnNURM)

Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) National Mission on Sustainable Habitat (NMSH)

Urban Development and Plan Formulation and Implementation (UDPFI) Guidelines

National

Town and Country Planning Organization

Technical advisory and consultant wing of the MoUD on matters concerning urban and regional planning strategies, research, appraisal, and monitoring of central government schemes and development policies.

National

Town and Country Planning Department under Housing and Urban Planning Department of GoUP

Preparation of Master Plans for rural as well as urban areas.

State

Gorakhpur Development Authority

Master Planning, Service (water supply, sewerage/ drainage facilities) and infrastructure provision (roads, street lighting) and housing for GDA colonies and peri-urban areas (areas that do not fall under Municipal Corporation’s jurisdiction)

UP Urban Planning and Development Act 1973 Gorakhpur Master Plan

Building Construction and Development Regulation 2008

City

Municipal Corporation of Gorakhpur

$µ12&¶QRREMHFWLRQFHUWL¿FDWHLVDUHTXLVLWHIRU obtaining building permission in the Corporation area, Property Tax collection.

UP Municipal Corporation Act 1959 City

Gorakhpur Industrial Development Authority

Housing, infrastructure, and basic service provision for GIDA area.

District

Housing and Infrastructure Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MoHUPA)

Apex authority of GoI to formulate policies, sponsor and support programme, coordinate the activities of various Central ministries, State governments, and other nodal authorities and monitor the programmes concerning all the issues of urban employment, poverty and housing, and basic services in the country.

National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy 2007

Basic Services to Urban Poor (BSUP) scheme under JnNURM

Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY)

Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) Standardized Service Level Benchmarks (SSLBs)

National

UP Awas Vikas Nigam under Housing and Urban Planning Department of GoUP

Nodal agency for housing. The agency is also involved with planning, construction, and development of urban development projects in the state. Autonomous body.

UP Avas Evam Vikas Parishad Adhiniyam, 1965

UP Special Area Development Authorities Act, 1986

State

UP Jal Nigam Water supply and sewerage, including design and construction of water supply, sewerage networks, and treatment plants.

Uttar Pradesh Water Supply and Sewerage Act, 1975

Mainstreaming Climate Resilience in Urban Areas

6

State Urban Development Authority (SUDA)

7RLPSURYHWKHTXDOLW\RIOLIHRIXUEDQSRRUE\KHOSLQJ WKHPDYDLOWKHEHQH¿WRIYDULRXVJRYHUQPHQWVFKHPHV targeted towards them, in the area of livelihood, services, shelter, sanitation, etc.

Steers the following schemes: Integrated Low Cost Sanitation Scheme (ILCS), Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rojgar Yojana (SJSRY), Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP), The Urban Self Employment Programme (USEP). Important points regarding formulation and execution of BSUP and IHSDP Projects.

State

District Urban Development Authority (DUDA)

This is the implementation agency for plans prepared by SUDA. Functions include community development works in slums, construction of community toilets, assisting households in construction of individual toilets, awareness generation, etc.

Public Works Department (PWD)

Construction of roads, main roads, and transport infrastructure.

Construction and maintenance of Government houses and institutions.

State

Gorakhpur Development Authority

Development of housing and provision of services for GDA colonies and peri-urban areas (areas that do not fall under Municipal Corporation’s jurisdiction)

UP Urban Planning and Development Act, 1973

Municipal Solid Waste Management and Handling Rules, 2000

City

Municipal Corporation of Gorakhpur

Provision of basic services to Corporation area, operation and maintenance of services and

infrastructure within corporation area like water supply lines, solid waste management, O&M of internal sewers/ drains and community toilets, etc. Collection of property tax, management of ghats (river banks), construction and O&M of community toilets.

UP Municipal Corporation Act, 1959 Municipal Solid Waste Management and Handling Rules, 2000

UP State Water Policy

City

Gorakhpur Jal Kal Department (Part of Municipal Corporation of Gorakhpur)

Nodal agency for water supply in the city. O&M of water supply and sewerage assets. Propose tariffs (and receive approval from UP Jal Nigam and the State government) and collect revenues.

UP Municipal Corporation Act, 1959 City

Gorakhpur Industrial Development Authority

Housing, infrastructure, and basic service provision for GIDA area.

City

Environment and Disaster Management Ministry of Environment

and Forests (MoEF)

Formulating policies, supporting and monitoring programmes, and coordinating the activities of various Central Ministries, State governments, and other nodal authorities relating to environmental and forestry issues in the country. The primary concerns of the Ministry are implementation of policies and programmes relating to conservation of the country’s natural resources and the prevention and abatement of pollution for sustainable development and enhancement of human well-being.

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution Act), 1974

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1975

Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Amendment Rules, 2003

Air (Prevention and Control Act), 1971 Municipal Solid Waste Management and Handling Rules, 2000

National

National Disaster Management Authority

To spearhead and implement a holistic and integrated approach to Disaster Management in India. NDMA is mandated to lay down the policies, plans, and guidelines for disaster management to ensure timely and effective response to disasters.

Disaster Management Act, 2005 National

Table 1 Institutional setup

Institutional Analysis

UP Pollution Control Board under Department of Environment, GoUP

3ROOXWLRQFRQWUROULYHUZDWHUTXDOLW\FRQVHUYDWLRQ industries.

River Board Act, 1966

UP Draft Environmental Policy, 2010 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution Act), 1974

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1975

Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Amendment Rules, 2003

Air (Prevention and Control Act), 1971 Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000

State

UP State Disaster Management Authority

Disaster management, preparedness, and response Disaster Management Act, 2005 State

Disaster Management Cell, Gorakhpur

'LVDVWHUUHVSRQVHPHFKDQLVP*RUDNKSXUÀRRGULVN reduction

Disaster Management Act, 2005 District/ city

&02RI¿FH Health District/

city Municipal Corporation Sanitation and hygiene UP Municipal Corporation Act, 1959 City

Table 1 Institutional setup

Institution/ department Functions Supporting /enabling regulatory framework Level

2.4 Solid Waste

National level framework

dŚĞ ĞŶƚƌĂů WƵďůŝĐ ,ĞĂůƚŚ ĂŶĚ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ;W,KͿ͕ĂƩĂĐŚĞĚƚŽƚŚĞ DŽhŝƐƚŚĞŶŽĚĂůĂŐĞŶĐLJ͕ǁŚŝĐŚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ ŽŶ ƐŽůŝĚ ǁĂƐƚĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘ ƉĂƌƚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚŝƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ,ĂnjĂƌĚŽƵƐ ^ƵďƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ;,^DͿ ŝǀŝƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ &ŽƌĞƐƚƐ ;DŽ&Ϳ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ŶŽĚĂů ĂŐĞŶĐLJ ĨŽƌ ƐĂĨĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ŚĂnjĂƌĚŽƵƐ ƐƵďƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ĞͲǁĂƐƚĞ͕ ĂƐ ƉĞƌ ƚŚĞ ,ĂnjĂƌĚŽƵƐ tĂƐƚĞ ;DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ,ĂŶĚůŝŶŐͿ ZƵůĞƐ͕ ϭϵϴϵ͘ dŚĞ W,K DĂŶƵĂů ŽŶ ^ŽůŝĚ tĂƐƚĞ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ϮϬϬϬ͖ ƚŚĞ DƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ^ŽůŝĚ tĂƐƚĞ ;DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ,ĂŶĚůŝŶŐͿ ZƵůĞƐ͕ ϮϬϬϬ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĨŽƌŵƵůĂƚĞĚ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ůĞǀĞů ĨŽƌ ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ĂŶĚ ŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ ĨŽƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƐŽůŝĚ ǁĂƐƚĞŝŶƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͘

State level framework

ƚƚŚĞƐƚĂƚĞůĞǀĞů͕hW^ƚĂƚĞWŽůůƵƟŽŶŽŶƚƌŽůŽĂƌĚ͕ ƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͕'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ŽĨhWŵŽŶŝƚŽƌƐƚŚĞĐŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐ ŐƌŽƵŶĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ͕ ĂŵďŝĞŶƚ Ăŝƌ͕ ůĞĂĐŚĂƚĞ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͕ ĂŶĚ

ĐŽŵƉŽƐƚƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƚŚĞŝŶĐŝŶĞƌĂƟŽŶƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ĂƐůĂŝĚŽƵƚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞD^tZƵůĞƐ͕ϮϬϬϬ͘

Gorakhpur city

dŚĞ 'D ŝƐ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĨŽƌ ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ͕ ƐƚŽƌĂŐĞ͕ ƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶ͕ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ͕ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐ͕ĂŶĚĚŝƐƉŽƐĂůŽĨŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ƐŽůŝĚ ǁĂƐƚĞƐ͘ Ɛ ƉĞƌ ƚŚĞ ZƵůĞƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ ĂůƐŽ ŶĞĞĚƐ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨLJ ƚŚĞ ůĂŶĚĮůů ƐŝƚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŚĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŵ ŽǀĞƌ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ďŽĚLJ ĨŽƌ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ͘

2.5 Environment and disaster

management

Environment

National level framework

ƚƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞů͕ƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂŶĚ &ŽƌĞƐƚƐ;DŽ&ͿŚĂƐďĞĞŶĞŶƚƌƵƐƚĞĚǁŝƚŚĂůůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĨŽƌĞƐƚƐ͘

State level framework

dŚĞhWWŽůůƵƟŽŶŽŶƚƌŽůŽĂƌĚŝƐƚŚĞŶŽĚĂůĂŐĞŶĐLJ ĨŽƌƉŽůůƵƟŽŶĐŽŶƚƌŽůĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ĂƐƉĞĐƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞ͘ /ƚƐ ƉŽǁĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ ĂƌĞ

Mainstreaming Climate Resilience in Urban Areas

8

ŐƵŝĚĞĚďLJǀĂƌŝŽƵƐƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ;ŵĞŶƟŽŶĞĚŝŶdĂďůĞϭͿ͘ ƚƚŚĞƐƚĂƚĞůĞǀĞů͕ƚŚĞhWƌĂŌŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWŽůŝĐLJ ϮϬϭϬƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐŽŶĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽĨŶĂƚƵƌĂů ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƌƌLJŝŶŐ ŽƵƚ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů /ŵƉĂĐƚ ƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůͬĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ĂŵŽŶŐ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƚŚŝŶŐƐ͘ /ƚ ĂůƐŽ ŽƵƚůŝŶĞƐ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ ǁŚŝůĞ ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐ ƉŽůŝĐLJ ƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ ŽŶ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůŝƐƐƵĞƐ͘

Gorakhpur city

dŚĞŶŽƌŵƐĂŶĚŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐŽĨƚŚĞhWWŽůůƵƟŽŶŽŶƚƌŽů ŽĂƌĚ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŽ ďĞ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞĚ ďLJ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĂƌĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂďůĞƚŽĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐůŝŬĞƐŽůŝĚǁĂƐƚĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ;ďLJ 'DͿ͕ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂů ĞŋƵĞŶƚ ĚŝƐĐŚĂƌŐĞ ;ďLJ '/Ϳ͕ ǁĂƐƚĞǁĂƚĞƌŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ;ďLJ'DͿ͕ĞƚĐ͘

Disaster management

National level framework

dŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůŝƐĂƐƚĞƌDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ;EDͿ͕ ŚĞĂĚĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ WƌŝŵĞ DŝŶŝƐƚĞƌ͕ ǁĂƐ ĨŽƌŵƵůĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ϮϬϬϱƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞŝƐĂƐƚĞƌDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĐƚ͕ϮϬϬϱ͕ƚŽ ƐƉĞĂƌŚĞĂĚ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚ Ă ŚŽůŝƐƟĐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚƚŽŝƐĂƐƚĞƌDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂ͘

State level framework

dŚĞ hW ^ƚĂƚĞ ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ŶŽĚĂů ĂŐĞŶĐLJ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞ ůĞǀĞů͕ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ĨŽƌ ĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚŶĞƐƐ͕ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌLJ͘

Gorakhpur city

dŚĞŝƐƚƌŝĐƚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ;DͿ ŝŶ 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ ŝƐ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ĨŽƌ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŝƐĂƐƚĞƌDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚWůĂŶĨŽƌ ƚŚĞĚŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ͘dŚĞDŚĂƐĂŝƐĂƐƚĞƌDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ Ğůů͕ǁŚŝĐŚĐŽŵƉƌŝƐĞƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞƐŽĨĂůůŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƐƚĂƚĞ ůŝŶĞ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨŝƐĂƐƚĞƌDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚWůĂŶƐ͘dŚĞ /ƌƌŝŐĂƟŽŶĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŝƐƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞĨŽƌŵĂŝŶƚĞŶĂŶĐĞ ŽĨĞŵďĂŶŬŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŇŽŽĚǁĂƌŶŝŶŐƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͘hŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞtĂƚĞƌWŽůŝĐLJ͕ŝƚŝƐĂůƐŽĚŽŝŶŐǁĂƚĞƌƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐĂŶĚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĂƚƚŚĞĐĂƚĐŚŵĞŶƚůĞǀĞůĂŶĚ ƌĞƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƌĞŚĂďŝůŝƚĂƟŽŶŝŶĐĂƐĞŽĨŇŽŽĚƐĂŶĚ ĚƌŽƵŐŚƚƐ͘ dŚĞ ^ƚĂƚĞ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ DĞĚŝĐĂů ,ĞĂůƚŚ ĂŶĚ&ĂŵŝůLJtĞůĨĂƌĞ͕ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ,ŽƐƉŝƚĂů;ŝŶ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ 'D ĂŶĚ DͿ͕ ŝƐ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ĨŽƌƉƵďůŝĐŚĞĂůƚŚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŝŶĐĂƐĞŽĨŽƵƚďƌĞĂŬŽĨ ĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞĂŌĞƌŵĂƚŚŽĨŇŽŽĚƐ͘

seCtorial

analysis

3. Basic services

ƌŝŶŬŝŶŐ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĐŽŶƚĂŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ͕ ŝŶĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞ

ĚƌĂŝŶĂŐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐŽůŝĚ ǁĂƐƚĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚLJ ĂƌĞ ƚŚƌĞĞ ƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŶĞĞĚƚŽďĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞĚ͘ůůƚŚƌĞĞƉƌŽďůĞŵƐŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐŝƚLJƚŽƚŚĞƌŝƐŬŽĨǁĂƚĞƌůŽŐŐŝŶŐ͘

3.1 Solid waste management

3.1.1 Status

dŚĞ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ƐŽůŝĚ ǁĂƐƚĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚLJ ŝƐ ϯ͕ϰϲϮ͘ϱϳ ƚŽŶŶĞƐͬĚĂLJ ;WŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ͗ ϲϵϮ͕ϱϭϰͿ1͘ dŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚĞĚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĐŝƚLJŝŶϮϬϮϭŝƐϭ͘ϯŵŝůůŝŽŶ͕ ĨŽƌ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƚŚĞ ĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚ ƐŽůŝĚ ǁĂƐƚĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ ;ŬĞĞƉŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƌĂƚĞŽĨŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶͿǁŽƵůĚďĞϲ͕ϱϬϬ ƚŽŶŶĞƐͬĚĂLJ͘

ƵƌƌĞŶƚůLJ͕ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƐƚĞ ŝƐ ĞŝƚŚĞƌ ƵƐĞĚ ĂƐ ůĂŶĚ Įůů ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů Žƌ ŝƐ ĚƵŵƉĞĚ ŝŶ ƐŽŵĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĚĞŵĂƌĐĂƚĞĚ ůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ;'ĞŽŚLJĚƌŽůŽŐLJƌĞƉŽƌƚ͕ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚLJ ƌĞƉŽƌƚ͕''Ϳ;DĂƉϮͿ͘>ŽǁůLJŝŶŐĂƌĞĂƐŝŶƚŚĞŽƵƚƐŬŝƌƚƐ ŽĨƚŚĞĐŝƚLJĂƌĞĂůƐŽďĞŝŶŐƵƐĞĚĂƐĚƵŵƉŝŶŐƐŝƚĞƐ͘dŚĞ ƵŶĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚ ǁĂƐƚĞ ďĞĐŽŵĞƐ Ă ĐĂƵƐĞ ĨŽƌ ƐƚĂŐŶĂƟŽŶ ŽĨǁĂƚĞƌĂƚǀĂƌŝŽƵƐůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͘ƚƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ͕ ƚŚĞDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŽŶŚĂƐƐƚĂƌƚĞĚĚŽŽƌͲƚŽͲĚŽŽƌ ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨǁĂƐƚĞŝŶĞŝŐŚƚǁĂƌĚƐŝŶƚŚĞĐŝƚLJĂƐĂƉŝůŽƚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŵŝŐŚƚďĞƐĐĂůĞĚƵƉŝŶĨƵƚƵƌĞ͘

dŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƉůĂŶƉƌŽƉŽƐĞƐƚŽĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĨŽƵƌ ^tDĚƵŵƉŝŶŐƐƚĂƟŽŶƐĂƚƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ͗ ;ĂͿ/ŶƐŽƵƚŚ͕ĂƚƚŚĞĞǀĂƌŝĂʹ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌďLJƉĂƐƐƌŽĂĚ ;ďͿ/ŶŶŽƌƚŚ͕ŶĞĂƌƚŚĞ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌʹWŝƉƌĂŝĐŚƌŽĂĚ ;ĐͿEĞĂƌƚŚĞŚŝƌƵĂƚĂů

;ĚͿdŽƚŚĞǁĞƐƚŽĨDĂůƵŶŝʹĂŶĚŚĂZŽĂĚ

1dŚĞƉĞƌĐĂƉŝƚĂǁĂƐƚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨĐŝƟĞƐŝŶ/ŶĚŝĂŝƐϬ͘ϱŬŐͬĚĂLJ;W,KͿ͘

ĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚ ^tD ƐĐŚĞŵĞ ŝƐ ƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ ;ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ WůĂŶ͕ 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌͿ͘ Ŷ ^tD ƉůĂŶƚ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚŽŶϯϮĂĐƌĞƐŽĨůĂŶĚŝŶ:ĂŶŐĂůĂŚĂĚƵƌ

ůŝĂƌĞĂ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗ŝƚLJĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶƐ͕DĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϮͿ͘dŚŝƐ

ǁŝůůŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶ͕ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ͕ĂŶĚĐŽŵƉŽƐƟŶŐ ŽĨ ƐŽůŝĚ ǁĂƐƚĞ͘ dŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ŝƐ ĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚ ƚŽ ĐŽƐƚ

Mainstreaming Climate Resilience in Urban Areas

10

`ϮϵϬŵŝůůŝŽŶĂŶĚŝƐƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚƚŽďĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚƵŶĚĞƌ WƵďůŝĐWƌŝǀĂƚĞWĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ;WWWͿǁŝƚŚWZ,LJĚĞƌĂďĂĚ ĂŶĚŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶĂŶĚĞƐŝŐŶƐƵďͲĐĞůůŽĨƚŚĞDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŽŶ͘

Action Points

dŚĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚǁĂƐƚĞĚƵŵƉŝŶŐƐŝƚĞƐĂƌĞůŽĐĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ ůŽǁͲůLJŝŶŐ ĂƌĞĂƐ ƉƌŽŶĞ ƚŽ ǁĂƚĞƌ ůŽŐŐŝŶŐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂƌĞ ŚĂnjĂƌĚŽƵƐĂŶĚŵĂLJĐŽŶƚĂŵŝŶĂƚĞƚŚĞƐŽŝůĂƐǁĞůůƚŚĞ ŐƌŽƵŶĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ƐŝƚĞƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ĂƐƐĞƐƐĞĚ ĂŶĚ ĐůŽƐĞĚĚŽǁŶŝŶĂƉŚĂƐĞĚŵĂŶŶĞƌ͘dŚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚĐĞŶƚƌĂů^tDƉůĂŶƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĚĞŵĂƌĐĂƚĞĚ ĂŶĚďƵīĞƌĞĚǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞůĂŶĚͲƵƐĞƉůĂŶŽĨƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͘dŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůďŽĚLJƐŚŽƵůĚĂůƐŽĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐǁŚŝůĞŵĂŬŝŶŐĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐĨŽƌƐŝƟŶŐ͘

^ŝŶĐĞ͕ ϳϮ ƉĞƌ ĐĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ĂƌĞĂ ŝŶ 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ ŝƐ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂů ŝŶ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ ;^ĞĞ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ

ϯ͘ϴ͕ dĂďůĞ ϴͿ͕ ŝƚ ŽīĞƌƐ ĂŶ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚLJ ĨŽƌ ĂĚŽƉƟŶŐ ĚĞĐĞŶƚƌĂůŝnjĞĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ǁĂƐƚĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŵŽĚĞůƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĐŽƵůĚ ďĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞĚ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ůĞǀĞů ŽĨ ĞŝŐŚƚnjŽŶĞƐĨŽƌǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞnjŽŶĂůƉůĂŶƐĂƌĞƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚ ƚŽďĞƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƉůĂŶŽĨƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͘

ZĞĨĞƌ ƚŽ D^t ZƵůĞƐ ϮϬϬϬ ĨŽƌ ĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚ ƐƚĞƉǁŝƐĞ ŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ ƚŽ ŵĂŶĂŐĞ ƐŽůŝĚ ǁĂƐƚĞ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝĞƐ͗

1 ŽŽƌƚŽĚŽŽƌĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶ͗^ĐŚĞĚƵůĞ

//͕ WŽŝŶƚ Ϯ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ D^t ZƵůĞƐ ϮϬϬϬ͕ ƐƟƉƵůĂƚĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ďŽĚLJ ƚŽ ŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĞ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞ ƉŚĂƐĞĚ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶŝŶ ǁĂƐƚĞ ƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶ͕ ŚĞŶĐĞ͕ ĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞůLJ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂŶ ĂƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚĐŽƵůĚďĞŵĂĚĞŝŶƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͘

2 WƌŝŵĂƌLJĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶĐĞŶƚĞƌƐ͗WƌŝŵĂƌLJĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶĐŽƵůĚ

Figure 2 TERI’s proposal on Solid Waste Management Suitability

analysis of present dumping

grounds

Development Authority and Municipal Corporation as per

their respective jurisdictions

Development Authority and Municipal Corporation as per their respective

jurisdictions

Involve NGOs, RWAs and

SHGs

Set up primary collection centers as per the number of wards to be covered and population

to be catered

Demarcate and buffer the proposed

SWM plant within the land-use plan

of the city

Schedule II, Point 2 stipulates municipal body to organize awareness generation programs and undertake phased program ensuring community participation in waste segregation

Development Authority is an autonomous body and the Vice Chairman of the development authority has the power to notify such changes

within the development plan District magistrate/Deputy Collector of the District and the State Pollution Control Board to monitor implementation as per the standards laid down under the MSW Rules 2000(Bio-medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1998 and the hazardous wastes should be managed in

accordance with the Hazardous Waste(Management and Handling )Rules 1989 Restricting dumping in unsuitable dumping ground with immediate effect Door to door collection of waste Primary collection centers and segregation

Short term _{Medium to long term}

Treatment and disposal Tr anspor t Tr anspor t

Sectorial Analysis

ďĞƐĞƚƵƉĂƚnjŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůƐĚĞƉĞŶĚŝŶŐƵƉŽŶƚŚĞǁĂƌĚƐ ĐŽǀĞƌĞĚ ƵŶĚĞƌ ĞĂĐŚ njŽŶĞ͘ ĂĐŚ njŽŶĞ ĐŽƵůĚ ŚĂǀĞ ŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶŽŶĞƉƌŝŵĂƌLJĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶĐĞŶƚĞƌĚĞƉĞŶĚŝŶŐ ƵƉŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ďĞ ĐĂƚĞƌĞĚ͘ dŚĞ ƵƉŬĞĞƉ ĂŶĚ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŝŵĂƌLJ ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ ĐĞŶƚĞƌ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ǁĂƐƚĞ ƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶ ǁŽƵůĚ ĞƐƐĞŶƟĂůůLJ ďĞ ƚŚĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŽŶ͘ ϯdƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐƉŽƐĂů͗ dŚĞ ŶŽŶͲďŝŽĚĞŐƌĂĚĂďůĞ͕

ŝŶĞƌƚǁĂƐƚĞ͕ĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞŶŽƚƐƵŝƚĂďůĞĨŽƌƌĞĐLJĐůŝŶŐŽƌ ďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƐĞŶƚƚŽƚŚĞůĂŶĚĮůů ƐŝƚĞ͘

dŚĞW,K2DĂŶƵĂůŽŶ͚^ŽůŝĚtĂƐƚĞDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͛ϯ

ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚ ǁŚŝůĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶŝŶŐ Ă ĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚ ƐŽůŝĚ ǁĂƐƚĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƉůĂŶĨŽƌ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌĐŝƚLJ͘

Enabling Mechanism

Table 2 Regulation structure for solid waste management

Institute and

regulations Description CPHEEO’s

manual on ‘Solid Waste Management’ (2000)

Elaborate manual providing guidance to urban local bodies to set up an integrated solid waste management system (ISWM) in their cities

MSW Rules 2000

Effective from 2003, these rules are applicable to every municipal authority responsible for collection, segregation, storage, transportation, processing, and disposal of municipal solids. The Rules contain four schedules.

City level

Every municipal authority would make an application for grant of authorization for setting up waste SURFHVVLQJDQGGLVSRVDOIDFLOLW\LQFOXGLQJODQG¿OOVIURP the State Pollution Control Board (Section 4, MSW Rules, 2000) and shall follow the implementation schedule as laid out in ‘Schedule I’4 _.

2ഩĞŶƚƌĂůWƵďůŝĐ,ĞĂůƚŚĂŶĚŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ͕DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨhƌďĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂ

3 /ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞLJĞĂƌϮϬϬϬ͕ďLJƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨhƌďĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƚ͗ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ŝŶĚŝĂǁĂƚĞƌƉŽƌƚĂů͘ŽƌŐͬƐŝƚĞƐͬŝŶĚŝĂǁĂƚĞƌƉŽƌƚĂů͘ŽƌŐͬĮůĞƐͬ DĂŶƵĂůйϮϬŽŶйϮϬŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůйϮϬƐŽůŝĚйϮϬǁĂƐƚĞйϮϬŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚͺйϮϬDŽhͺ'K/ͺϮϬϬϬ͘ƉĚĨ

4 ^ĐŚĞĚƵůĞ /;D^t ZƵůĞƐ͕ϮϬϬϬͿ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ D^t ƌƵůĞƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƐĞƫŶŐ ƵƉ ǁĂƐƚĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐƉŽƐĂů ĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ͕ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞĨĂĐŝůŝƚLJ͕ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŝŶĞdžŝƐƟŶŐĂŶĚƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨĨƵƚƵƌĞůĂŶĚĮůůƐŝƚĞƐ͘

5 /ŶĐĂƐĞŽĨŵĞƚƌŽƉŽůŝƚĂŶĐŝƟĞƐƚŚĞŽĸĐŝĂůŝŶĐŚĂƌŐĞŽĨĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚƐŚĂůůďĞƚŚĞ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJͲŝŶͲĐŚĂƌŐĞŽĨƚŚĞĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨhƌďĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞ ^ƚĂƚĞŽƌƚŚĞhŶŝŽŶdĞƌƌŝƚŽƌLJ͘

6 ^ĐŚĞĚƵůĞ//;D^tZƵůĞƐϮϬϬϬͿͲŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƐŽůŝĚǁĂƐƚĞŝŶƚĞƌŵƐŽĨĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ͕ƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶ͕ƐƚŽƌĂŐĞ͕ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐŽĨŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ƐŽůŝĚǁĂƐƚĞ͖

^ĐŚĞĚƵůĞ///;D^tZƵůĞƐϮϬϬϬͿͲƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌůĂŶĚĮůůƐŝƚĞƐŝŶƚĞƌŵƐŽĨƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨůĂŶĚĮůůƐŝƚĞƐ͕ĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐƚŽďĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚĂƚƚŚĞƐŝƚĞ͕ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌůĂŶĚĮůůŝŶŐ͕ƉŽůůƵƟŽŶƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶ͕ǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚĂŵďŝĞŶƚĂŝƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ͕ĐůŽƐƵƌĞŽĨůĂŶĚĮůůƐŝƚĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƉŽƐƚĐĂƌĞ͖

^ĐŚĞĚƵůĞ/s;D^tZƵůĞƐϮϬϬϬͿͲƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐĨŽƌĐŽŵƉŽƐƟŶŐ͕ƚƌĞĂƚĞĚůĞĂĐŚĂƚĞƐ͕ĂŶĚŝŶĐŝŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ

State level

The District Magistrate or the Deputy Commissioner of the district shall have the overall responsibility of enforcement of the provisions of the MSW rules within the territorial limits of their jurisdiction5 _{(Section 5,}

MSW Rules, 2000). The State Pollution Control Board shall monitor the compliance of the standards as laid out under schedule II, III, and IV6 _{of the MSW Rules}

2000.

3.2 Drainage and sewerage system

Status

KŶůLJϮϮйŽĨƚŚĞĐŝƚLJŝƐƐĞƌǀĞĚďLJƐĞǁĞƌůŝŶĞƐ;ϱϱŬŵͿ͘ dŚĞ ƌĞƐƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚLJ ŝƐ ĐŽǀĞƌĞĚ ďLJ ϮϮϵ ŽƉĞŶ ĚƌĂŝŶƐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŶŽƚ ŽŶůLJ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƐ ƚŚĞ ƐƚŽƌŵ ǁĂƚĞƌ͕ ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ĐĂƌƌŝĞƐ ƐĞǁĂŐĞ ĨƌŽŵ ŚŽŵĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ƚŽƉŽŐƌĂƉŚLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚLJĐŽŶƐƚƌĂŝŶƚƐďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĞīĞĐƟǀĞĚƌĂŝŶĂŐĞƐLJƐƚĞŵ ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗ŝƚLJĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶƐͿ͘

dŚĞ ĐŝƚLJ ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶƐ ƌĞǀĞĂůĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ Ă ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ

worth `ϴĐƌŽƌĞ;/EZϴϬŵŝůůŝŽŶͿŚĂƐďĞĞŶƐĂŶĐƟŽŶĞĚ

ďLJƚŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĨŽƌĞdžƚĞŶĚŝŶŐƚŚĞĚƌĂŝŶĂŐĞ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͘/ƚŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐǁŝĚĞŶŝŶŐĂŶĚƵƉŐƌĂĚŝŶŐ ŽĨĮǀĞ;ƚƌƵŶŬͿŬƵƚĐŚĂĚƌĂŝŶƐ͘

hŶƚƌĞĂƚĞĚǁĂƐƚĞǁĂƚĞƌƚŽƚŚĞƚƵŶĞŽĨϵϬD>ŝƐ ĚŝƐĐŚĂƌŐĞĚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞƌŝǀĞƌZĂƉƟĂŶĚZĂŵŐĂƌŚdĂů;ůĂŬĞͿ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĮǀĞƉƵŵƉŝŶŐƐƚĂƟŽŶƐ͘dŚĞhW:ĂůEŝŐĂŵŚĂĚ ƐƵďŵŝƩĞĚ Ă ƉƌŽƉŽƐĂů ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ ĞdžƚĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞǁĞƌĂŐĞƐLJƐƚĞŵŝŶƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ;^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗ ŝƚLJ ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶƐͿ͘ Ɛ ƉĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƉůĂŶ͕ Ă ƐĞǁĞƌĂŐĞ ĨĂƌŵ ŝƐ ƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ DĂůĂƵŶŝʹĂŶĚŚĂ ƌŽĂĚĨŽƌĚŝƐƉŽƐĂůŽĨƐĞǁĂŐĞŝŶƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͘

ĞƐŝĚĞƐƚŚŝƐ͕ƚŚĞ>ĂŬĞŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ 'Ž/ ŝƐ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐ Ă ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ĨŽƌ ĐůĞĂŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ďĞĂƵƟĮĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞZĂŵŐĂƌŚdĂů͘/ƚŝƐďĞŝŶŐƉĂƌƟĂůůLJ ĨƵŶĚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚďŽƚŚĐĞŶƚƌĂůĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐ

Mainstreaming Climate Resilience in Urban Areas

/ŶĐŝƟĞƐǁŚĞƌĞǁĂƌĚĐŽŵŵŝƩĞĞƐĂƌĞĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ͕ ŝƚ ŝƐ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĂƌĚ ĐŽƵŶĐŝůůŽƌƐ ĚŽ ŶŽƚ ŚĂǀĞ ƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ ƉŽǁĞƌƐ ;ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJ ĮŶĂŶĐŝĂůͿ ƚŽ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ ƵƌďĂŶ ŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ĨŽƌ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ͘ KŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚLJͲƌĞŐŝŽŶ ƐĐĂůĞ͕ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ŬĞLJ ŝƐƐƵĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƵƌďĂŶ ŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƐĞĞŶ ĂƐ Ă ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ ŽĨ ŚŽƌŝnjŽŶƚĂůĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ͘hŶĨŽƌƚƵŶĂƚĞůLJ͕ĂĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĞĚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚƉƌĞǀĂŝůƐŝŶƐƚĞĂĚŽĨĂŶŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝƐ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJ ĨŽƌ ůĂŶĚͲƵƐĞͬƵƌďĂŶ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ ďĂƐŝĐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ ĞƚĐ͘ DƵůƟƉůŝĐŝƚLJ ŝƐ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĂŐŐƌĂǀĂƚĞĚďLJWWWƐ͘dŚĞƐĞŵŽĚĞƐĂƌĞƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚ ďLJ ĐĞŶƚƌĂů ĂŶĚ ƐƚĂƚĞ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ ĂƐ ƉƌĞͲƌĞƋƵŝƐŝƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ;:EEhZDͿ͘ dŚĞƌĞŝƐŶŽĚŽƵďƚĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞŝƌƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ͕ďƵƚĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůLJ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĚŽ ŶŽƚ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ĂƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘ /Ŷ ĨĂĐƚ͕ŶŽĐůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞƌĞůĂƚĞĚĂƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚƐĞdžŝƐƚĂƚ ĐŝƚLJůĞǀĞů͘

dŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůDŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŶ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ,ĂďŝƚĂƚ͕ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞŝŐŚƚ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ WƌŝŵĞ DŝŶŝƐƚĞƌ͛Ɛ EĂƟŽŶĂů ĐƟŽŶ WůĂŶ ŽŶ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ ;EWͿ ŚĂƐƌĞĐĞŶƚůLJƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚĮŶĂůĂƉƉƌŽǀĂůĨƌŽŵƚŚĞWƌŝŵĞ DŝŶŝƐƚĞƌ͛ƐŽĸĐĞ͘dŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨhƌďĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ;DŽhͿ͕'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂǁĂƐƚŚĞŶŽĚĂůĂŐĞŶĐLJ ĨŽƌĨŽƌŵƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůDŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŶ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ,ĂďŝƚĂƚ͕ĂŶĚŝƐŶŽǁŝŶĐůŝŶĞĚƚŽŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚƚŚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͘ dŚĞDŝƐƐŝŽŶƐĞĞŬƐƚŽďƌŝŶŐŝŶƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚLJŽĨŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐďƌŽĂĚĂƌĞĂƐ͗ ŶĞƌŐLJĞĸĐŝĞŶĐLJŝŶďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ hƌďĂŶƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ /ŵƉƌŽǀĞĚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƐŽůŝĚĂŶĚůŝƋƵŝĚǁĂƐƚĞ WƵďůŝĐƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ ůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ dŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂŶĚ&ŽƌĞƐƚƐ;DŽ&Ϳ ŚĂƐĂƐŬĞĚĂůů/ŶĚŝĂŶƐƚĂƚĞƐƚŽĚĞǀĞůŽƉĂĐƟŽŶƉůĂŶƐƚŽ ĚĞĮŶĞ ŚŽǁ ƚŚĞLJ ŝŶƚĞŶĚ ƚŽ ƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ ĂŝŵĞĚ Ăƚ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŵŝƟŐĂƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ^ƚĂƚĞ ĐƟŽŶ WůĂŶƐ ŽŶ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ ;^WͿ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ŝŶ ůŝŶĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ EĂƟŽŶĂů ĐƟŽŶ WůĂŶ ŽŶ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ŚĂŶŐĞ ;EWͿ ĂŶĚ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ŝƚƐ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ Ăƚ

ƚŚĞƐƚĂƚĞůĞǀĞů͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ĂƐŽĨŶŽǁƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŶŽƉŽůŝĐLJ ŽďůŝŐĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌĐŝƟĞƐƚŽĨŽůůŽǁƚŚĞƐĂŵĞ͘

//͘ ĐĐŽƵŶƚĂďŝůŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶĐLJ͗ ĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐ ƚŚŝƐ ďĞĐŽŵĞƐ Ă ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ ŝŶ ĐĂƐĞ ŽĨ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐ͘ dŚĞ :EEhZD ƌĞĨŽƌŵƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ĞŶĂĐƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ŝƐĐůŽƐƵƌĞ >Ăǁ ;>Ϳ ƚŽ ďƌŝŶŐ ŝŶ ƚƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶĐLJ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ͛Ɛ ƚƌĂŶƐĂĐƟŽŶƐ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƚŚŝƐ ŝƐ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂďůĞ ĨŽƌ :EEhZD ĐŝƟĞƐ ŽŶůLJ͘ KƚŚĞƌ ĐŝƟĞƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ĂůƐŽ ďĞ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞĚƚŽĞŶĂĐƚ>͘

///͘WĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͗ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ůĂǁ ;W>Ϳ͕ Ă ŵĂŶĚĂƚŽƌLJ ƌĞĨŽƌŵ ƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞ:EEhZD19ƌĞĨĞƌƐƚŽŵĂŬŝŶŐĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ

ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƐŝŶƚŚĞƐƚĂƚĞͲůĞǀĞůŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůƐƚĂƚƵƚĞ;ƐͿ ĨŽƌƚŚĞĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚƌĞĞƟĞƌƐŽĨĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶͲ ŵĂŬŝŶŐŝŶĂŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚLJ͕ŶĂŵĞůLJ͕ƚŚĞŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚLJ͕ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƌĚ ĐŽŵŵŝƩĞĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞƌĞĂ ^ĂďŚĂƐ20͘ /ƚ

ĂŝŵƐƚŽŝŶǀŽůǀĞĐŝƟnjĞŶƐŝŶŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐůŝŬĞ ƐĞƫŶŐ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐ͕ ďƵĚŐĞƟŶŐ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƐ͕ ĞdžĞƌƟŶŐ ƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞ ŽŶ ĐŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ĞdžŝƐƟŶŐ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͘ dŚŽƵŐŚĂƉƉůŝĐĂďůĞƚŽ:EEhZDĐŝƟĞƐ͕ƚŚŝƐŵŽĚĞů ůĂǁ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĂĚŽƉƚĞĚ ďLJ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ ŶŽŶͲ:EEhZD ĐŝƟĞƐĂƐǁĞůů͘

dŚĞ ƵƌďĂŶ ƉŽŽƌ ĨŽƌŵƐ ƚŚĞ ƚĂƌŐĞƚ ŐƌŽƵƉ ŽĨ DŽ,hW ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ͘ /ƚ ŚĂƐ ĨŽƌŵƵůĂƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ZĂũŝǀ ǁĂƐ zŽũĂŶĂ ;ZzͿ͕ Ă ƐĐŚĞŵĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚĂƌŐĞƚƐ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ůŽǁͲĐŽƐƚŚŽƵƐŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞƵƌďĂŶƉŽŽƌ͘DŽ,hWŝƐĂůƐŽ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ĨŽƌ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĂƐŝĐ ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ƚŽ hƌďĂŶ WŽŽƌ ;^hWͿ ƉƌŝŵĞƌ ƵŶĚĞƌ :EEhZD͘ Ƶƚ͕ ŝƚ ŶĞĞĚƐ ƚŽ ŐŽ Ă ƐƚĞƉ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ƚŽ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ƚŚĞ ƉŽŽƌ ĂŶĚ ŵĂƌŐŝŶĂůŝnjĞĚŐƌŽƵƉƐŝŶĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶŵĂŬŝŶŐ͕ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝƐĂŬĞLJƚŽŝŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐƚŚĞůŝǀŝŶŐ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞƐĞǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞŐƌŽƵƉƐ͘

/s͘ZĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ůĞǀĞůƐ ŽĨ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ͗ dŚĞ hE ,ĂďŝƚĂƚ ƌĞƉŽƌƚ ĂůƐŽ ŶŽƚĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ͕ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƟĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŵŽƌĞ Žƌ ůĞƐƐ ĐŽŚĞƌĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŚĂǀĞ ǀĂƌLJŝŶŐ ĚĞŐƌĞĞƐ ŽĨ ĂƵƚŽŶŽŵLJ ĨƌŽŵ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂů ĂŶĚ ŶĂƟŽŶĂůŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐ͕ƚŚĞƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĂƌĞŶĂƐ ŽĨ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ ŝƐ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ŝŶ ƐŚĂƉŝŶŐ

19 dŚĞ:EEhZDŵĂŬĞƐŝƚŵĂŶĚĂƚŽƌLJĨŽƌƐƚĂƚĞƐƚŽĞŝƚŚĞƌĞŶĂĐƚĂƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞW>ŽƌŵĂŬĞĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞĂŵĞŶĚŵĞŶƚƐƚŽƚŚĞŝƌĞdžŝƐƟŶŐŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůůĂǁƐ͘

37

21 Ͳ'ŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞĞŶĐŽŵƉĂƐƐĞƐďŽƚŚĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌŝnjĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ/ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚͲďĂƐĞĚƐŚĂƌŝŶŐŽĨŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶďLJŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐŝŶŽƌĚĞƌƚŽŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĞĸĐŝĞŶĐLJ͕ĂĐĐƵƌĂĐLJ͕

ƌĞůŝĂďŝůŝƚLJ͕ĂŶĚƚƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶĐLJŝŶŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͘

ƚŚĞ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJ ƚŽ ŐŽǀĞƌŶ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚŝƐ ĐŽŶƚĞdžƚ͕ŝƚŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞůĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĐĞŶƚƌĞ͕ ƐƚĂƚĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ůŽĐĂů ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐ͘ tŚŝůĞ ƚŚĞ ĞŶƚƌĞ ƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƐ ƉŽǁĞƌ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ^ƚĂƚĞ͕ ŵŽƌĞ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƌĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞůŽĐĂůůĞǀĞůĂƐǁĞůů͘/ĨƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĞĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJŽīĞƌƐ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ ;ĐŝƚLJ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĨƵŶĚƐͿ ƚŽ ĐŝƟĞƐ ďLJ ĚŝƌĞĐƟŶŐĨƵŶĚƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĚŽŶŽƌĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͕ ƚŚŝƐŵĂLJƐƉĞĞĚƵƉƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘ƵƚƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶ ƚŚĂƚƚŚĞŶĂƌŝƐĞƐŝƐ͗tŝůůƚŚŝƐƚŚĞŶĚŝůƵƚĞƚŚĞƉŽǁĞƌƐ ŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƚĞ͍

ĂƉĂĐŝƚLJ͕ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚĂďŝůŝƚLJ͕ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ĞĸĐŝĞŶĐLJŽĨŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐŶĞĞĚĨŽƌĞŵŽƐƚĂƩĞŶƟŽŶƚŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶƚ ƵƌďĂŶ ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͘ &Žƌ ƚŚŝƐ͕dZ/ƉƌŽƉŽƐĞƐƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƐƚĞƉƐ͗

P /ƚ ŝƐ ĞƐƐĞŶƟĂů ƚŚĂƚ ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ

ĂƌĞ ĂůŝŐŶĞĚ ŶŽƚ ŽŶůLJ ƚŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ƌĞůŝĂďůĞ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕ ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ƚŽ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ ĨŽƌ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ůŝŬĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŽĨ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘ DƵůƟƉůŝĐŝƚLJŽĨŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶƐŝŶĂƐŝŶŐůĞƐĞĐƚŽƌĂƐǁĞůů ĂƐ ŽǀĞƌůĂƉƉŝŶŐ ũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŽŶĐƌĞĂƚĞƐĂ ůŽƚŽĨĐŽŶĨƵƐŝŽŶĂŶĚĂīĞĐƚƐƚŚĞƋƵĂůŝƚLJŽĨƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͘ ƵĞ ƚŽ ƚŚŝƐ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ŶŽ ƐŝŶŐůĞ ĂŐĞŶĐLJ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ŚĞůĚ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚĂďůĞ ŝŶ ĐĂƐĞ ŽĨ ŶŽŶͲĚĞůŝǀĞƌLJ Žƌ ƉŽŽƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ ŽĨ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ͘ dŚĞ ůĂǁ ŵƵƐƚ ĂůƐŽ ĐŽŵĞ ƵƉ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵ ƚŽ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ŝŶƚĞƌͲĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚĂů ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞ ϳϰƚŚŽŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶŵĞŶĚŵĞŶƚĐƚŚĂƐƐƵŐŐĞƐƚĞĚ ĚĞůĞŐĂƟŽŶŽĨĨƵŶĐƟŽŶŽĨďĂƐŝĐƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶƚŽ ƚŚĞDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŽŶƐ;h>ƐͿ͘

P dŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ŶŽ ůĂǁ ƚŚĂƚ ƐĞƚƐ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ĨŽƌ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ

ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ͕ ůĞƚ ĂůŽŶĞ ĨŽƌ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƟŶŐ ĨŽƌ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞŝŵƉĂĐƚƐŽŶƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͘,ĞŶĐĞ͕ƚŚĞƌĞŝƐĂŶĞĞĚ ƚŽŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞŽŶĞƚŚĂƚƐƟƉƵůĂƚĞƐƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐŽĨƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ ĚĞůŝǀĞƌLJ ĂŶĚ ŚŽůĚƐ ƚŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŽŶ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞĨŽƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĂŶĚĞĸĐŝĞŶĐLJŽĨƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͘

P Ɛ ƚŚŝƐ ƐƚƵĚLJ ƌĞǀĞĂůƐ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ŶŽ ĚĞĂƌƚŚ ŽĨ

ŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐƚŚĂƚĐŝƟĞƐĐŽƵůĚƵƐĞƚŽƉůĂŶƚŚĞƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞůLJ͖ ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ĚĞĮŶŝƚĞůLJ ůĂĐŬ ŽĨ ƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJĂŶĚŵĂŶƉŽǁĞƌƚŚĂƚŶĞĞĚƐƚŽďĞ ůŽŽŬĞĚĂƚ͘

P /ƚŝƐŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŵĂŶLJůĂǁƐƚŚĂƚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐŝƐƐƵĞƐůŝŬĞƚŚĂƚŽĨƵƌďĂŶƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚŶĞƐƐ͕ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ͕ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͕ĞƚĐ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂďůĞ͕ Ă ĐŝƚLJ ůĞǀĞů ĐŚĂƌƚĞƌ ŽĨ ĂĐƟǀŝƚLJ ĐŽƵůĚ ďĞ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ĚƌĂǁƐ ĨƌŽŵ Ăůů ŽĨ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵĞƐ ƵƉ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ĐůĞĂƌ ƉůĂŶ ŽĨ ĂĐƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ĚĞĮŶĞĚ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐ͘

P dŚĞhƌďĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĐƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƚĞƐŚŽƵůĚďĞ ƌĞǀŝƐĞĚ ƚŽ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞ Ăůů ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚLJ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚĨŽƌƵƌďĂŶĐĞŶƚƌĞƐĂƚŽŶĞƉůĂĐĞ͕ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨŝƚƐƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶŝŶƚŽƚĂůŝƚLJ͘dŚĞĐƚƐ ŵƵƐƚ ďĞ ƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚĞƌŵƐ ŽĨ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂďůĞ ŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƐƉĞĐŝĨLJ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ ůŝŬĞ ǁŚŽǁŝůůĚŽǁŚĂƚ;ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂůŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐͿ͕ŚŽǁ ƚŚŝƐ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĚŽŶĞ ;ƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ŬŶŽǁͲ ŚŽǁͿ͕ǁŚĞƌĞǁŝůůƚŚĞĨƵŶĚƐĐŽŵĞĨƌŽŵ;ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĂŶĚĮŶĂŶĐŝĂůĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶƐͿ͕ĂŶĚŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJƟŵĞ ůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞƐƚŽďĞĂďůĞƚŽŵŽŶŝƚŽƌƌĞƐƵůƚƐ͘/Ŷ ĂŶƵƚƐŚĞůů͕ĂĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĞĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĚĞƌŝǀĞĚ ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŚĞůƉŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨƚŚĞůĂǁƐ͘

P dŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂůDŝƐƐŝŽŶŽŶ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ,ĂďŝƚĂƚǁŽƵůĚ ƐŽŽŶĐŽŵĞƵƉǁŝƚŚůĞŐĂůŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ ƚŚĞ ĐŝƚLJ ǁŽƵůĚ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŽ ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚ͘ ĐŚĂƉƚĞƌ ŽŶ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞŝŵƉĂĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞDĂƐƚĞƌƉůĂŶǁŽƵůĚ ƉƌŽǀĞ ƚŽ ďĞ Ă ďĞŶĞĮĐŝĂů ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐ ĂĐƟŽŶƉůĂŶĨŽƌƚŚĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚ ƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ͘ ŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ĐŽƵůĚ ƟĞ ƵƉ ǁŝƚŚ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĚ ŽƵƚƐŝĚĞ ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ĞdžĞƌĐŝƐĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ ĐŝƟĞƐ͘&Žƌ:EEhZDĐŝƟĞƐ͕ŝƚLJĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚWůĂŶƐ ;WͿĐŽƵůĚŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞƚŚĞƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞĐŚĂƉƚĞƌĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĨŽƌĨƵŶĚŝŶŐŽƉƟŽŶƐƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚ ƉůĂŶƐƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞWƐ͘

P dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĨŽƵƌƚLJƉĞƐŽĨ/dƚŽŽůƐ͕ŶĂŵĞůLJ͕'ĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐ /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ^LJƐƚĞŵƐ ;'/^Ϳ͕ Ͳ'ŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ21͕

ĞĂƌůLJ ǁĂƌŶŝŶŐ ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƚĞůĞŵĞƚƌLJͿ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁŝƌĞůĞƐƐ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ĐŽŵŵŽŶůLJ ĂĚŽƉƚĞĚ ďLJ ůŽĐĂů ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐ ǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞ ĨŽƌ ŚĞůƉŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐŝƟĞƐ ĂĚĂƉƚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĞīĞĐƚƐ ŽĨ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘ 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌĐĂŶĨŽůůŽǁƚŚĞƐĞƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ͗

Mainstreaming Climate Resilience in Urban Areas

ͻ ^ƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĞͲŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ ;ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŝƚLJ ĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚͿ͘ KŶĞ ƐƵĐŚƉƌŽƉŽƐĂůŚĂƐďĞĞŶŵĂĚĞŝŶ^ĞĐƟŽŶϯ͘ϯŽŶ

ƌŝŶŬŝŶŐǁĂƚĞƌ͕ǁŚŝĐŚƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚƐƚŚĞƐĞƫŶŐ ƵƉ ŽĨ Ă ĚĂƚĂďĂƐĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ :Ăů<ĂůĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽƌƚŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞ'ƌŽƵŶĚtĂƚĞƌ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĸĐĞĂƚ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ͘

ͻ ƵŝůĚ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJ ŽĨ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƚĞƐ ĂůƌĞĂĚLJĂƉƉůLJŝŶŐ/d;ůŝŬĞ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJͿ ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞŝƚĂƚŽƚŚĞƌůĞǀĞůƐ͘

ͻ /dƚŽŽůƐ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐŽŶůŝŶĞŵĂƉƉŝŶŐĂŶĚŵŽďŝůĞ ƉŚŽŶĞͲďĂƐĞĚ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĂƉƉůŝĞĚ ƚŽ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶ ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐ ŽĨ ƌĞůŝĞĨĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐĚƵƌŝŶŐĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌƐ͘

ͻ dŽƉŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂůĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ;ůŽǁůLJŝŶŐĂƌĞĂƐͿĐŽƵůĚ ďĞŵĂƉƉĞĚǁŝƚŚƌĂŝŶĨĂůůƉĂƩĞƌŶƐĂŶĚǁĞĂƚŚĞƌ ƉƌĞĚŝĐƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŝŶŐ ĞĂƌůLJ ǁĂƌŶŝŶŐ ƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͘ 'ĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐĂů /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ^LJƐƚĞŵ ;'/^ͿŝƐĂƌĞĐŽŐŶŝnjĞĚƚŽŽůĨŽƌƚŚŝƐ͘

ͻ /d ƐŚŽǁƐ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ƚŽ ĞŶĂďůĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚŽƌLJ ŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶĐLJ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƟŶŐƐŚĂƌŝŶŐĂŶĚƵƉĚĂƟŶŐŽĨŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĐŝƟnjĞŶƌLJ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ĂůůŽǁŝŶŐ ĐŝƟnjĞŶ ŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƉŽƌƟŶŐ ŽĨ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůƐƚĂƚƵƐ͘

39

dŽǁŶĂŶĚŽƵŶƚƌLJWůĂŶŶŝŶŐĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ;'ŽhWͿĂŶĚ 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ͘ ϮϬϬϱ͘

'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌDĂƐƚĞƌWůĂŶͲϮϬϮϭ͘

'D ĂŶĚ ''͘ ϮϬϬϵ͘ sƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚLJ ŶĂůLJƐŝƐͲ

'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ ŝƚLJ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ZE͗ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ĂŶĚ hƌďĂŶ ZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ͘ ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚ ďLJ dŚĞZŽĐŬĞĨĞůůĞƌ&ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ/^d͘

''͕ ZŽĐŬĞĨĞůůĞƌ͕ ĂŶĚ /^d͘ ϮϬϬϵ͘'ĞŽͲŚLJĚƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ^ƚƵĚLJŽĨ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌŝƚLJ͕h͘W͕͘/ŶĚŝĂ͘'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ͗ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ 'ĞŽŐƌĂƉŚLJ͕ h 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ͘

''͘ ϮϬϭϬ͘ dŽǁĂƌĚƐ Ă ZĞƐŝůŝĞŶƚ 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌʹ 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ ZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ZE͗ůŝŵĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚhƌďĂŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ͘ ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚďLJdŚĞZŽĐŬĞĨĞůůĞƌ&ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ /^d͘ D͕'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ͘ϮϬϭϭ͘'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌŝƐƚƌŝĐƚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚZŝƐŬZĞĚƵĐƟŽŶWůĂŶϮϬϭϭʹ ϭϮ͘ 'Ž/͘ϭϵϵϲ͘hƌďĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂŶĚWůĂŶ&ŽƌŵƵůĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ;hW&/Ϳ 'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ͘ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨhƌďĂŶīĂŝƌƐΘŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ͕'Ž/ ;ĞƌƐƚǁŚŝůĞ͖ ŶŽǁ ŬŶŽǁŶ ĂƐ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ hƌďĂŶ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚͿ͘

ĞŶƚƌĂůWƵďůŝĐ,ĞĂůƚŚĂŶĚŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ

KƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ ;W,KͿ͘ ϮϬϬϬ͘ DĂŶƵĂů ŽŶ

^ŽůŝĚtĂƐƚĞDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨhƌďĂŶ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ;'Ž/Ϳ͘

'Ž/͘ϮϬϬϳ͘EĂƟŽŶĂůhƌďĂŶ,ŽƵƐŝŶŐĂŶĚ,ĂďŝƚĂƚWŽůŝĐLJ͕ ϮϬϬϳ͘DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨ,ŽƵƐŝŶŐĂŶĚhƌďĂŶWŽǀĞƌƚLJ ůůĞǀŝĂƟŽŶ;'Ž/Ϳ͘

'ŽhW͘ϭϵϵϵ͘hW^ƚĂƚĞtĂƚĞƌWŽůŝĐLJ͕ϭϵϵϵ͘

'ŽhW͘ϮϬϭϬ͘hWƌĂŌŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWŽůŝĐLJ͕ϮϬϭϬ͘

DŽĚĞůdŽǁŶĂŶĚŽƵŶƚƌLJWůĂŶŶŝŶŐĐƚ͕ϭϵϲϬ͘

hWhƌďĂŶWůĂŶŶŝŶŐĂŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĐƚ͕ϭϵϳϯ͘

hW ƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͕ϮϬϬϴ͘ hWDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŽŶĐƚ͕ϭϵϱϵ͘ hWǀĂƐǀĂŵsŝŬĂƐWĂƌŝƐŚĂĚĚŚŝŶŝLJĂŵ͕ϭϵϲϱ͘ hW^ƉĞĐŝĂůƌĞĂĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĐƚ͕ϭϵϴϲ͘

list of

referenCes

hƩĂƌWƌĂĚĞƐŚtĂƚĞƌ^ƵƉƉůLJĂŶĚ^ĞǁĞƌĂŐĞĐƚ͕ϭϵϳϱ͘ DƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů^ŽůŝĚtĂƐƚĞ;DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚ,ĂŶĚůŝŶŐͿ ZƵůĞƐ͕ϮϬϬϬ͘ ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĐƚ͕ϮϬϬϱ͘ hWWĂƌŬƐ͕WůĂLJŐƌŽƵŶĚƐ͕ĂŶĚKƉĞŶ^ƉĂĐĞƐ;WƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚZĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶͿĐƚ͕ϭϵϳϱ͘

tĞƚůĂŶĚƐ ;ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚͿ ZƵůĞƐ͕ ϮϬϭϬ͘

dŽǁŶĂŶĚŽƵŶƚƌLJWůĂŶŶŝŶŐĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚhƩĂƌWƌĂĚĞƐŚ ĂŶĚ'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ͘;LJĞĂƌͿ͘

'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌDĂƐƚĞƌWůĂŶͲϮϬϮϭ͘

'D ĂŶĚ ''͘ ϮϬϬϵ͘ sƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚLJ ŶĂůLJƐŝƐͲ

'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ ŝƚLJ ĂƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ZE͗ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚhƌďĂŶZĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ͘

/Z/͘ ϮϬϬϳ͘ /ŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŇŽŽĚ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ŶĞǁ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ͘ >ŽŶĚŽŶ͗ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐĂŶĚ>ŽĐĂů'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ͘

&ƌĂŶĐĞZ>͘͘ϮϬϬϯ͘tĞƚůĂŶĚĞƐŝŐŶ͘EŽƌƚŽŶWƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶ͘ ^͘ ;LJĞĂƌͿ͘ ŽͲŝƚͲLJŽƵƌƐĞůĨ͗ ZĞĐLJĐůĞ ĂŶĚ ZĞƵƐĞ

tĂƐƚĞǁĂƚĞƌ͘ EĞǁ ĞůŚŝ͗ ĞŶƚƌĞ ĨŽƌ ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘

/tD/ͲdĂƚĂtĂƚĞƌWŽůŝĐLJWƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ͘ϮϬϬϮ͚͘ƌŝŶŐŝŶŐ ƉƵŵƉƐ ƚŽ ƉĞŽƉůĞ͛͘tĂƚĞƌ WŽůŝĐLJ ƌŝĞĮŶŐ 2:

;ƉĂŐĞƌĂŶŐĞŵŝƐƐŝŶŐͿ

ŝƐƚƌŝĐƚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĞůů͘;LJĞĂƌͿ͘'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ ŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ ŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ZŝƐŬ ZĞĚƵĐƟŽŶWůĂŶͲϮϬϭϭ͘

WƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ďLJ sĂŶĚĂŶĂ DĞŶŽŶ ƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƐ͘ ϮϬϭϬ͘

EŝnjĂŵƵĚĚŝŶĂƐƚ͗ŽůŽŶLJĂƐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJͲtĂƚĞƌ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƟŶŐ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ͘ dƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ŽŶ ƌĂŝŶǁĂƚĞƌŚĂƌǀĞƐƟŶŐďLJƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĞĨŽƌ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͕EĞǁĞůŚŝ͘

hEWͲhEW W/͘ ϮϬϭϭ͘ DĂŝŶƐƚƌĞĂŵŝŶŐ ůŝŵĂƚĞ

ŚĂŶŐĞ ĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ ŝŶƚŽ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͗ ŐƵŝĚĞ ĨŽƌ ƉƌĂĐƟƟŽŶĞƌƐ͘ hEWͲ hEWWŽǀĞƌƚLJʹŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ/ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ͘

W,K͘ϮϬϬϬ͘DĂŶƵĂůŽŶ^ŽůŝĚtĂƐƚĞDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘

ĞŶƚƌĂů WƵďůŝĐ ,ĞĂůƚŚ ŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ͕DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨhƌďĂŶ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂ͘

Mainstreaming Climate Resilience in Urban Areas

dŚĞDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů^ŽůŝĚtĂƐƚĞ;DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚΘ,ĂŶĚůŝŶŐͿ ZƵůĞƐ͕ ϮϬϬϬ͘ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ &ŽƌĞƐƚ͕'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂ͘

dŚĞ ,ĂnjĂƌĚŽƵƐ tĂƐƚĞ ;DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ Θ ,ĂŶĚůŝŶŐͿ ZƵůĞƐ͕ ϭϵϴϵ͘ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ &ŽƌĞƐƚ͕'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂ͘

ZŝǀĞƌŽĂƌĚĐƚ͕ϭϵϲϲ͘DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂŶĚ &ŽƌĞƐƚ͕'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂ͘

tĂƚĞƌ ;WƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŽŶƚƌŽů ŽĨ WŽůůƵƟŽŶ ĐƚͿ͕ ϭϵϳϰ͘ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ &ŽƌĞƐƚ͕ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂ͘

tĂƚĞƌ ;WƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŽŶƚƌŽů ŽĨ WŽůůƵƟŽŶͿ ZƵůĞƐ͕ ϭϵϳϱ͘ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ &ŽƌĞƐƚ͕ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂ͘

,ĂnjĂƌĚŽƵƐ tĂƐƚĞ ;DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ,ĂŶĚůŝŶŐͿ ŵĞŶĚŵĞŶƚ ZƵůĞƐ ϮϬϬϯ͘ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂŶĚ&ŽƌĞƐƚ͕'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂ͘

ŝƌ ;WƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŽŶƚƌŽů ĐƚͿ͕ ϭϵϳϭ͘ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂŶĚ&ŽƌĞƐƚ͕'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂ͘

ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ;WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶͿ Đƚ͕ ϭϵϴϲ͘ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂŶĚ&ŽƌĞƐƚ͕'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂ͘

hWƌĂŌŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWŽůŝĐLJϮϬϭϬ͘'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨ hƩĂƌWƌĂĚĞƐŚ͘

EĂƟŽŶĂů DŝƐƐŝŽŶ ŽŶ ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞ ,ĂďŝƚĂƚ ;ED^,Ϳ͘ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨhƌďĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂ͘

hƌďĂŶ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ WůĂŶ &ŽƌŵƵůĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ;hW&/Ϳ 'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ͘ DŝŶŝƐƚƌLJ ŽĨhƌďĂŶĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘

hW hƌďĂŶ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ Đƚ͕ ϭϵϳϯ͘ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨhƩĂƌWƌĂĚĞƐŚ͘

'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ DĂƐƚĞƌ WůĂŶ͘ 'ŽƌĂŬŚƉƵƌ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJ͘

EĂƟŽŶĂůhƌďĂŶ,ŽƵƐŝŶŐĂŶĚ,ĂďŝƚĂƚWŽůŝĐLJ͕ϮϬϬϳ͘

hWǀĂƐǀĂŵsŝŬĂƐWĂƌŝƐŚĂĚĚŚŝŶŝLJĂŵ͕ϭϵϲϱ͘